復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)ThePassiveVoice羊莊二中宮永久復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)

1.牢記被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)2.掌握主動句變被動句的方法3.記住被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的應(yīng)用4.會用特殊句型的被動語態(tài)

語態(tài)分類

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewhouse.(主動)Anewhousewillbebuilt.(被動)

漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語中則用被動語態(tài)表示。被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):

主語+be+

及物動詞的過去分詞（done）在被動語態(tài)中，主語是動作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況中：(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。ThiswatchismadeinChina.這塊手表是在中國制造的。(2)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。(3)需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(強調(diào)漢語的使用廣泛)(4)句子的主語是動作的承受者。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.許多房屋被洪水沖走了。3.被動語態(tài)的用法主動句變被動句的步驟：

1.把及物動詞的賓語提至句首作主語。2.把及物動詞改為be+過去分詞形式。3.把句子的主語改為by+賓格形式.4.其余部分不變.

把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“、、”來進行。即：①變－－－把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主動語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。②套－－－根據(jù)原句的時態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時態(tài)。③注意－－注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。

一變二套三注意:Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主謂賓(受動者)Bowls

are

washedbyhis

brother

every

day.1.They

make

shoes

inthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時：變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞1.TheyplayfootballonSunday.2.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3.Theydon’toftenusecomputersinclass.4.DoyoumakethesemachinesinBeijing?FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersaren’toftenusedbytheminclass.ArethesemachinesmadeinBeijing?2.They

bought

tencomputers

lastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞1.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3.Didyoucleantheclassroomjustnow?4.Theydidn’tusethisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Wastheclassroomcleanedbyusjustnow?Thisroomwasn’tusedforrestingbythem.3.They

will

finish

thework

intendays.Thework

will

befinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞1.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.2.Childrenwon’ttakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.3.Willtheheadmastergiveatalkthisafternoon?Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswon’tbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Willatalkbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon?am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+be+donecan/may/must/should/+be+doneam/is/are+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+done一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般將來時：帶情態(tài)動詞時：現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在完成時：過去完成時：

二、幾種常見的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài):主+be+過去分詞1.Heeatstheapple.2.Heatetheapple.3.Heiseatingtheapple.4.Hewaseatingtheapple.5.Hewilleattheapple.6.Hehaseatentheapple.7.Hehadeatentheapple.1.Theappleiseatenbyhim.2.Theapplewaseatenbyhim.3.Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim.4.Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim.5.Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim.6.Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim.7.Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim.翻譯句子1我的房間每天都被清洗2我的房間昨天被清洗了3我的房間明天將會被清洗4我的房間應(yīng)該被清洗MyroomiscleanedeverydayMyroomwascleanedyesterdayMyroomwillbecleanedtomorrowMyroomshouldbecleaned

判斷正誤1.Englishisspokeintheworld.2.Cottonisgrownbythefarmerseveryyear.3.Thecoatistakenawayyesterday.4.Wecanbefinishourhomeworkontime.isspokenwastakencanfinish1.Knives____________(use)forcuttingthings.2.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________(clean)twiceamonth.3.Tom_______________(ask)toturnonthecomputeryesterday.EXERCISES

areusedarecleanedwasaskedzxxkw4.Mostofthework______________(do)bywomeninthisfactory.5.Thework______________(mustfinish)today.6.Allthestudents_________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.

isdonemustbefinishedwereaskedExercise:把下面的句子改成被動語態(tài)1.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.Computers_____________bytheminclass.2.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Ourclassroom___________byusjustnow.3.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Atalk___________bytheheadmasterthisafternoon.areoftenusedwascleanedwillbegiven四、Putthefollowingintopassivevoice：1.Icanfinishmyhomeworkeveryday.

Myhomeworkcanbefinished

bymeeveryday.2.Didtheybuymanyflowers？

Weremanyflowersbought

bythem？3.Hedoesn’toftenreadEnglish.

Englishisn’toftenread

byhim.4.Theytoldusnottogothere.

Weweretoldnottogotherebythem.

1.含有賓語補足語的句子改為被動語態(tài)時，將賓語提至句首作主語，賓語補足語不變，沒有to要加上to。賓語補足語是現(xiàn)在分詞時則不變。（一聽，二看，三使役）(1).Isawhercomeintomyroom.

Shewasseen

tocomeintomyroombyme.(2).Hemademewritetheletterforhim.

Iwasmadetowritetheletterforhim.注意問題（3）

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.Hewasseengoingintotheshop.2.含有雙賓語的句子（如：give，pass，show等），變被動語態(tài)時，1，,把間接賓語（即某人）變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語照抄不變。2.把直接賓語（物）提前做主語，連接間接賓語時要在間接賓語前加上介詞“to”。.eg：

Heshowedmehisphotos.

Iwasshownhisphotos.

OR:Hisphotoswereshowntome.

givesbsth=givesth.tosbshowsbsbsth=showsth.tosbpasssbsbsth=passsth.tosbsendsbsbsth=sendsth.tosbbringsbsbsth=bringsth.tosbtellsbsbsth=tellsth.tosb

3.如果雙賓語動詞是buy,cook等，變被動語態(tài)時，，間接賓語前要加上介詞

fore.gHeboughtmeapenApenwasboughtformebyhim.或Iwasboughtapenbyhim.getsbsbsth=getsth.forsbbuysbsbsth=buysth.forsbmendsbsbsth=mendsth.forsbcooksbsbsth=cooksth.forsb4.只有及物動詞才能用于被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。但相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞的動詞短語可用于被動語態(tài)。但在變被動語態(tài)時，注意不要丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。eg：Thedoctorlookedovertheoldwomancarefully.Theoldwomanwaslookedoverbythedoctorcarefully.Attention!

五、什么情況下沒有被動語態(tài)1.當(dāng)系動詞feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時無被動語態(tài)

*Thefish______(taste)good.*—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it______(feel)verysoft.*Thepopmusic_______(sound)beautiful.tastesfeelssounds2一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)。如：write,read,sell,weigh,

happen，takeplace,last,have(擁有),appear,disappear,cost,comeout這本書已經(jīng)出版許多次了。Thebookhasalreadycomeoutmanytimes（2）我家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Greatchangeshavealreadytakenplaceinmyhometown(3)會議持續(xù)了30分鐘。

Themeetinglastedfor30minutes.Practisemakesperfect熟能生巧Choosethebestanswer:1.Anewbook______mebyhimyesterday.A.isgiventoB.wasgivenC.wasgiventoD.gaveto2.Don’tworrry.Thejob______twohours.A.canbefinishedinB.wasfinishedforC.canfinishinD.canbefinishedafter3.Usuallytheclassroom______twiceaday,butnobody______thefloorthismorning.A.iscleaned,wassweptB.cleans,wassweptC.iscleaned,sweptD.iscleaned,sweeps4.I_______atfivethismorning,soIamverytirednow.A.waswakingB.waswokenC.wakeupD.waswokenupCACCD5.He_____me______therewithhimlastnight.A.wasasked,togoB.asked,togoC.wasasked,goD.asked,go6.Theystayedhere______April.A.inB.sinceC.forD.on7.We_______apicniclastWednesday.A.toldtohaveB.weretoldtohaveC.weretoldhimtohaveD.weretoldtonothave8.Who_______thefoodonthetable,Tom?A.ateupB.waseatenupC.eatsupD.waseatingup9.Todaymanytreesarebeingcutinourcountry.Somoretrees_________.A.mustplantB.mustbe