2014暑期初一第一講語(yǔ)法筆記冠詞一、冠詞的分類1.不定冠詞：a/an修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)2.定冠詞：the修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞3.零冠詞：/修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞二、不定冠詞的用法（表示泛指）判斷一個(gè)單詞或字母前加a還是an,首先需要判斷它發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素→若為元音音素，如a:,ei,則用an→若為輔音音素，如p,h,則用ae.g. ausualday;anunusualday aEuropeancountry,aone-eyedman anhour;anhonestman三、定冠詞的用法口訣：獨(dú)舊雙方級(jí)樂(lè)序 姓形山河慣建筑具體表示：獨(dú)一無(wú)二的名詞前；文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，下文再次提到的名詞前；雙方都知道的名詞；表示方向的名詞；最高級(jí)前面，西洋樂(lè)器前面，序數(shù)詞前面； 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前；形容詞前加the表示一類人；山河湖海前；習(xí)慣用法；某些建筑前四、零冠詞的用法1.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指2.獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位之前，做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)3.固定搭配中如atnight,facetoface,bycar/bus4.其他情況：專有名詞，抽象名詞，語(yǔ)言，學(xué)科，運(yùn)動(dòng)，季節(jié)，月份，節(jié)假日，三餐五.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析1.gotoschool去上學(xué)gototheschool去學(xué)校（不一定上學(xué)）2.attable吃飯atthetable在桌子旁邊（不一定吃飯）3.inhospital生病住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院（不一定生?。〨rammar2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他例子：Thepoordogbegsformoneyeveryday.注：第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞變形用法：表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)Thepoordogbegsformoneyeveryday.2.表示客觀事實(shí)和真理Theearthmovesaroundthesun.3.在時(shí)間狀從和條件狀從中，從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn))Ifshedoesn’tshowuptomorrow,themeetingwillbecancelled.三、標(biāo)志詞：

always,usually,sometimes,everyday/week,occasionally,twiceamonth…第三講語(yǔ)法：名詞名詞分類：分為專有名詞和普通名詞；普通名詞分為可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化直接+s.2.以s,shch,x結(jié)尾+es.3.以輔音+y結(jié)尾的變”y”為”i”+es.4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的去”f”或”fe”加ves口訣：半片樹葉自己黃、妻子拿刀去殺狼、小偷架后逃命忙half,leaf,self,wife,knife,wolf，thief,shelf,life特例:直接加s：giraffe,belief,chief,,proof,cliff,roof5.以o結(jié)尾的單詞通常加-s：piano,studio,solo,radio,video,kilo,photo特殊加-es：Negro,hero,volcano,potato,tomato,mango,mosquito,tornado,torpedo加es口訣：黑人英雄在火山上，用土豆、西紅柿和芒果砸死一只蚊子，此時(shí)龍卷風(fēng)帶來(lái)一只魚雷不規(guī)則變化1.單復(fù)同型魚羊鹿fish,sheep,deer特殊變化1)變中間鵝鼠呲牙齊步走，男女兒童去追牛mouse—micefoot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—women2)結(jié)尾+en/ren：ox—oxenchild—children3)“國(guó)人”變復(fù)數(shù)不變:Chinese,Japanese,Swedish,Swissa變e:Englishmen,Frenchwomen,Dutchmen+s:Americans,Australians,Greeks,Europeans，Germans三、不可數(shù)名詞使用規(guī)則1.前面不能加a(n),后不加s2.視為單數(shù)3.前可加量詞，量詞可數(shù)四、量詞abarofabowloftwocupsoftwopiecesofabagofapairof第四講語(yǔ)法：Therebe句型含義：Therebe句型意思是“有”，表示人或物的存在。例句：Therearemanypandasonthebed.Thereisanobesecatinthebowl.考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一:therebe句型的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)具體形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thereis/are…一般過(guò)去時(shí)Therewas/were…一般將來(lái)時(shí)Therewillbe/isgoingtobe…現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Therehas/havebeen…考點(diǎn)二:Therebe句型的主謂一致就近原則：Therebe…句型notonly…butalso…neither…nor…either…or…舉例：There______(be)alaptopandtwocellphonesonthedesk.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示金錢、時(shí)間、距離的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)依然用單數(shù)。舉例：There______(be)fivedollarstopay.考點(diǎn)三:Therebe句型與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用Theremaybeapresentinthatbox.Theremustbesomeantsonthetable.Thereusedtobeahospitaltherebeforethewar考點(diǎn)三:Therebe句型的反義疑問(wèn)句原則：1.主語(yǔ)永遠(yuǎn)是there2.若陳述部分只有be動(dòng)詞，則疑問(wèn)部分也用be動(dòng)詞；若陳述部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，則疑問(wèn)部分也用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。第五講語(yǔ)法形容詞副詞一、形容詞1）作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞Thisisanspecialcat.2）作表語(yǔ)Thehamsterlookscute.3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Thebadnewsmadethedogsad.二、名詞變形容詞1.名詞+y構(gòu)成形容詞rain-rainysleep-sleepy2.+ly構(gòu)成形容詞love-lovelymonth-monthly3.+ful構(gòu)成形容詞use-usefulharm-harmful4.+less構(gòu)成形容詞use-uselesshope-hopeless5.+ous構(gòu)成形容詞danger-dangeroushumor-humorous6.+ish構(gòu)成形容詞三、形容詞重要句型1.It’s+adj.todosth…做某事很……2.It’s+adj.+forsbtodosth…對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事很……3.It’s+adj.+ofsbtodosth…某人做某事，(某人)很……四：形容詞變副詞1.直接+lycareful-carefullyrecent-recently2.部分以e結(jié)尾的詞，去e+lyterrible–terriblysimple-simply3.部分以e結(jié)尾的詞，直接+lywise-wiselyclose-closely4.輔音+y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i+lyhappy-happilyhealthy-healthily5.部分以ic結(jié)尾的單詞，+allybasic-basicallyscientific-scientificaly一般過(guò)去時(shí)一、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他Joycewasanobesegirlinthepast.Oneday,shemadeuphermindtoloseweight,soshedidexerciseeveryday.二、用法：1.表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Joycewasanobesegirlinthepast.2.表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。Shedidexerciseeveryday.3.情景考點(diǎn)。---Whydidyousmokehere?Didn’tyouseethesign?---Sorry,I____________it.三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,lastnight/week/month/year/century……ago,theotherday,intheolddays,in2010,inthepast,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀從一般將來(lái)時(shí)一、構(gòu)成：1.Sb.begoingtodosth2.Sb.will/shalldosth3.Sb.beabouttodosthLookattheclouds!It’sgoingtorain.Marywillbe9yearsold,sotheyplantoholdabirthdaypartyforher.Iamabouttoleave.二、中考六大考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一有跡象表明要發(fā)生的事用begoingtoLookattheclouds!It’sgoingtorain.考點(diǎn)二表示必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事用willMarywillbe9yearsold.考點(diǎn)三進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)Hurryup!Theplaneistakingoff.口訣：來(lái)來(lái)去去待帶開始死come，arrive,go,leave,stay,take,start,begin,die.考點(diǎn)四beabouttodo表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但可與when連用Thewomanwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.考點(diǎn)五標(biāo)志詞：nextweek,soon,inthefuture,tomorrow,in+一段時(shí)間考點(diǎn)六begoingto與will的區(qū)別begoingtowill有跡象無(wú)跡象打算或準(zhǔn)備客觀必然會(huì)發(fā)生長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃臨時(shí)決定Grammar2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他例子：Thepoordogbegsformoneyeveryday.注：第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞變形用法：表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)Thepoordogbegsformoneyeveryday.2.表示客觀事實(shí)和真理Theearthmovesaroundthesun.3.在時(shí)間狀從和條件狀從中，從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn))Ifshedoesn’tshowuptomorrow,themeetingwillbecancelled.三、標(biāo)志詞：always,usually,sometimes,everyday/week,occasionally,twiceamonth…第三講語(yǔ)法：名詞名詞分類：分為專有名詞和普通名詞；普通名詞分為可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化直接+s.2.以s,shch,x結(jié)尾+es.3.以輔音+y結(jié)尾的變”y”為”i”+es.4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的去”f”或”fe”加ves口訣：半片樹葉自己黃、妻子拿刀去殺狼、小偷架后逃命忙half,leaf,self,wife,knife,wolf，thief,shelf,life特例:直接加s：giraffe,belief,chief,,proof,cliff,roof5.以o結(jié)尾的單詞通常加-s：piano,studio,solo,radio,video,kilo,photo特殊加-es：Negro,hero,volcano,potato,tomato,mango,mosquito,tornado,torpedo加es口訣：黑人英雄在火山上，用土豆、西紅柿和芒果砸死一只蚊子，此時(shí)龍卷風(fēng)帶來(lái)一只魚雷不規(guī)則變化1.單復(fù)同型魚羊鹿fish,sheep,deer特殊變化1)變中間鵝鼠呲牙齊步走，男女兒童去追牛mouse—micefoot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—women2)結(jié)尾+en/ren：ox—oxenchild—children3)“國(guó)人”變復(fù)數(shù)不變:Chinese,Japanese,Swedish,Swissa變e:Englishmen,Frenchwomen,Dutchmen+s:Americans,Australians,Greeks,Europeans，Germans三、不可數(shù)名詞使用規(guī)則1.前面不能加a(n),后不加s2.視為單數(shù)3.前可加量詞，量詞可數(shù)四、量詞abarofabowloftwocupsoftwopiecesofabagofapairof第四講語(yǔ)法：Therebe句型含義：Therebe句型意思是“有”，表示人或物的存在。例句：Therearemanypandasonthebed.Thereisanobesecatinthebowl.考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一:therebe句型的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)具體形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thereis/are…一般過(guò)去時(shí)Therewas/were…一般將來(lái)時(shí)Therewillbe/isgoingtobe…現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Therehas/havebeen…考點(diǎn)二:Therebe句型的主謂一致就近原則：Therebe…句型notonly…butalso…neither…nor…either…or…舉例：There______(be)alaptopandtwocellphonesonthedesk.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示金錢、時(shí)間、距離的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)依然用單數(shù)。舉例：There______(be)fivedollarstopay.考點(diǎn)三:Therebe句型與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用Theremaybeapresentinthatbox.Theremustbesomeantsonthetable.Thereusedtobeahospitaltherebeforethewar考點(diǎn)三:Therebe句型的反義疑問(wèn)句原則：1.主語(yǔ)永遠(yuǎn)是there2.若陳述部分只有be動(dòng)詞，則疑問(wèn)部分也用be動(dòng)詞；若陳述部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，則疑問(wèn)部分也用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。第五講語(yǔ)法形容詞副詞一、形容詞1）作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞Thisisanspecialcat.2）作表語(yǔ)Thehamsterlookscute.3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Thebadnewsmadethedogsad.二、名詞變形容詞1.名詞+y構(gòu)成形容詞rain-rainysleep-sleepy2.+ly構(gòu)成形容詞love-lovelymonth-monthly3.+ful構(gòu)成形容詞use-usefulharm-harmful4.+less構(gòu)成形容詞use-uselesshope-hopeless5.+ous構(gòu)成形容詞danger-dangeroushumor-humorous6.+ish構(gòu)成形容詞三、形容詞重要句型1.It’s+adj.todosth…做某事很……2.It’s+adj.+forsbtodosth…對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事很……3.It’s+adj.+ofsbtodosth…某人做某事，(某人)很……四：形容詞變副詞1.直接+lycareful-carefullyrecent-recently2.部分以e結(jié)尾的詞，去e+lyterrible–terriblysimple-simply3.部分以e結(jié)尾的詞，直接+lywise-wiselyclose-closely4.輔音+y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i+lyhappy-happilyhealthy-healthily5.部分以ic結(jié)尾的單詞，+allybasic-basicallyscientific-scientificaly一般過(guò)去時(shí)一、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他Joycewasanobesegirlinthepast.Oneday,shemadeuphermindtoloseweight,soshedidexerciseeveryday.二、用法：1.表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Joycewasanobesegirlinthepast.2.表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。Shedidexerciseeveryday.3.情景考點(diǎn)。---Whydidyousmokehere?Didn’tyouseethesign?---Sorry,I____________it.三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,lastnight/week/month/year/century……ago,theotherday,intheolddays,in2010,inthepast,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀從一般將來(lái)時(shí)一、構(gòu)成：1.Sb.b