Unit3

Grammarandusage

Non-restrictiveattributiveclausesGoalsAttheendofthislesson,you’llbeableto:(1)identifytherestrictive(限制性定語從句)and

thenon-restrictiveattributiveclause(非限制性

定語從句);(2)understandthedifferencesbetweenthem;(3)Knowthefunctions(功能)ofthem;(4)usethetwokindsofattributiveclausetogiveinformationaboutaperson,athingoragivensituation.

Thelady________issittingthereisTaylorSwift.

Thelady______shespeaksisTaylorSwift.who/thatWhoisher?towhomWhoisshe?

Catherine,______tookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.Catherine,_______bodyisthin,stillwantstolosesomeweight.whowhoseYaoMing,_______isthetallestintheChineseteam,playsbasketballintheRockets.

Football,______isplayedinmanycountries,ispopularwithyoungpeople.

Countrymusic,______hometownisBristol,Tennessee,ispleasanttolistento.whowhichwhoseHehasasister,whoisamusician.

他只有一個(gè)姐姐，她是音樂家。

Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.

他有一個(gè)是音樂家的姐姐。(他有幾個(gè)姐姐)Heborrowedallthebooks,

whichhadpicturesinthem.

他借了所有的書，書里都有圖畫。

Heborrowedallthebooksthathadpicturesinthem.

他借了所有里面有圖畫的書。Intheclass,thereare32students,

whoaregoodatmaths.

這個(gè)班有32個(gè)學(xué)生，他們數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)得好。（班級人數(shù)就是32人）

Intheclass,thereare32studentswhoaregoodatmaths.

這個(gè)班有32個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)得好的學(xué)生。（班級人數(shù)多于32人）ImetwithalotofdifficultieswhichIhadnotexpected.

Imetwithalotofdifficulties,

whichIhadnotexpected.我遇到了許多沒有料到的困難。我遇到了許多困難，這點(diǎn)我沒有料到。We’llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek,________________________.(那時(shí)候我們就沒有這么忙了)(when)Lily,_________________________,achievedthehighestscoreinthemathtest.(她一直很刻苦)(who)whenwewon’tbesobusywhoworkedhardallthetimeMrWang,______________________,isstayingnearmyhouse.(昨天我們遇到他的)(whom)

Mybrother,___________________________,isanengineer.(他的房子正在油漆)(whose)whomwemetyesterdaywhosehouseisbeingpaintedThey’llflytoKunming,__________________________,andthengoontoGuilin.(他們將在那里呆兩天)(where)

Jimpassedthedrivingtest,________________________________.(這讓辦公室里每個(gè)人很驚訝)(which)

Heagreedtotheplan,____________________.(正如你預(yù)料的)(as)wheretheywillstayfor2dayswhichsurprisedeveryoneintheofficeasyouhadexpectedJack,_________________________,isleavingforBeijing.

(你昨天和他談了話)(whom)

Thismuseum,________________

________________，isunderrepair.(里面保存許多畫)(which)withwhomyoutalkedyesterdayinwhichmanypaintingsarekept

CanyoufinddifferencesbetweentheNon-restrictiveAttributiveClauseandRestrictiveAttributiveClause?

DifferencesRestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-restrictiveAttributiveClauseFormFunctionTranslationRelativepronoun/adverbAntecedentNocommas.

限制先行詞的意義，若去掉剩余部分意思往往不完整是先行詞的附加說明，若去掉，剩余部分意思仍完整There’recommas.常譯成并列的分句常譯成前置定語who/whom/that/

which/whose

/when/where/why“that”and“why”can’tbeused一般為單個(gè)的詞可為單個(gè)的詞，也可為句子限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：★“限定”是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明確；“非限定”只是附加說明，省去并不影響句意。★“限定”先行詞指人作主語時(shí)可以用who/that引導(dǎo)；“非限定”只能用who引導(dǎo)?！跋薅ā敝溉俗髻e語時(shí)可以用who/that/whom引導(dǎo)；“非限定”只能用whom引導(dǎo).★“限定”先行詞指物時(shí)可以用that/which引導(dǎo),“非限定”只能用which引導(dǎo)。★“限定”的關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；“非限定”的關(guān)系詞都不能省略。★“限定”的關(guān)系詞只修飾先行詞；“非限定”的關(guān)系詞既可修飾一個(gè)先行詞，也可是前面的整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分?！铩跋薅ā弊g成中文時(shí)常置于中心詞前；“非限定”則單獨(dú)成句，在主句中間或后面。OtherRulesaboutNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause1.在“which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中，先行詞既可以是一個(gè)名詞或代詞，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至整個(gè)句子。(1)Mynewcar,whichIboughtseveraldaysago,isn’trunningwell.(2)I’mtakingsomeweight-losspills,whicharequitepopularhere.(3)Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.(4)HeshouldgraspsomanyEnglishwords,whichsurprisedmealot.Practice翻譯句子。1.他通過了考試，這使他非常開心。2.足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，全世界都踢足球。Football,_____________,isplayedallovertheworld.3.他不得不在周日上班，這點(diǎn)他非常不喜歡。HehastoworkonSundays,__________.whichisaveryinterestingsportwhichhedoesn’tlike

2.非限制性定語從句可以用all/some/most/both/none/many…of+whom/which來表達(dá)先行詞內(nèi)容全部或一部分。

(1)Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingonadiet.(2)Hehastwosons,oneofwhomisascientist.(3)Shehastwodaughters,bothofwhomareteachers.(4)Theyaskedmealotofquestions,manyofwhichIcouldn’tanswer.Practice根據(jù)中文意思完成句子。1.他深愛著他的父母，他們都對他很慈愛。Helovedhisparentsdeeply,_________areverykindtohim.2.世界上有七大洲，最大的是亞洲。Thereare7continentsintheworld,________isAsia.3.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof____hasbeenproved.A.whomB.whichC.whatD.thatbothofwhomthelargestofwhich_______________,theearthisround.

(大家都知道)

Theearthisround,_______________________________________.

(過去人們不相信這件事)Asisknowntoall

whichpeopledidn’tbelieveintheolddays3.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別3.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別aswhich位置可位于主句之前，之中或之后。通常用于下列句式：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpected等。引導(dǎo)的從句通常不位于主句之前（不放句首）。意義翻譯成“正如”翻譯成“這，那”功能用來修飾整個(gè)句子可以用來修飾一個(gè)一個(gè)先行詞，也可以修飾前面的整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分。★as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于thesame…as…,such…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中。_______Iexpected,you’velearnedalotaboutnon-restrictiveattributiveclausesinthisclass.

You’velearnedalotaboutnon-restrictiveattributiveclausesinthisclass,________makesmesatisfied.Aswhich改錯(cuò)：AsisknowntoallthatYangJianisthetallestinourclass.,\^isItisknowntoallthatYangJianisthetallestinourclass.AsisknowntoallthatYangJianisthetallestinourclass.AsisknowntoallthatYangJianisthetallestinourclass.WhatItisreportedinthenewspaper,ShenzhouVIIlandedsafe,thatexcitedthewholenation.As______whichAterribleearthquakehappenedinSichuanProvince,ashadn’tbeenexpected.

Hedidn’tattendthelecture,aswedon’tknow.___which___whichWhicheveryoneknows,the29thOlympicGameswereagreatsuccess.

Hedoesn’tadmireO’Sullivan,andwhichsurprisesus.As______\1.關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但可以用forwhich來代替why引導(dǎo)。2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不用that只用which。溫馨提示Let’sPractice!在空格處填上合適的詞（關(guān)系詞/介詞+關(guān)系詞）使句意完整。Inthe31rdOlympicGames,Chineseathletesgot26goldmedals,___________15werewonbywomen.

Hisgrandpa,_______________lifewashardintheolddays,nowliveshappily.ofwhichwhose/forwhomTheairaroundus,______________wecan’tlive,can’tbeseen.

Money,_____________wecanbuysomething,isn’teverything.withoutwhichwithwhichZhangHua,______________lessonswetalkedyesterday,isgoodatdancing.

DongHang,_____________fatheryouchattedinateahouselastweek,doeswellinmath.withwhoseaboutwhoseChina,_________hasthelargestpopulationintheworld,isbecomingstrongerandstronger.China,_________populationisthelargestintheworld,isdevelopingrapidly.

China,______________thereisalargepopulation,isadevelopingcountry.whosewhere/inwhichwhich高考鏈接WheneverImether,_____wasfairlyoften,shegreetmewithasweetsmile.(2009山東)A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that解析：分析句子可知空格處在句中作主語，由句意可知其指代前面句子的內(nèi)容，故選B。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。2.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,__A___Icanreachedmostevenings.(2008北京)whichB.whenC.whomD.where3.(2015江蘇21）Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as4.（2015福建34）Chinatodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_____showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whichMultiplechoice1.Janereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.it B.that C.which D.he2.IlikeNanjing,______hasmanyfamousplacesofinterest.A.where B.which C.when D.inwhichCB3.Mymotheroftengoestogym,______sheworksouttokeepfit.A.where B.which C.whenD.that4.Shehastwodaughters,_____isgoodatmusic.A.neitherofthem B.eitherofthemC.neitherofwhomD.buteitherofwhomAC5.Ispentmyholidaybesidethesea,_____Iplayedwiththesmallgirl.inwhichB.duringwhichC.whichD.that6.Thisisahighmountain,_____thetopisalwayscoveredbysnow.whose B.onwhichC.ofwhich D.thatBC7.Thebraveman,_____thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter.A.ofwhom B.bythat C.bywhom D.bywhich8.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____hecouldseewhatitwasgoingoninsidethehouse.A.onwhich B.atwhich C.throughwhich D.inwhichCC9.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,_____aregirls.two-thirdsinwhichB.two-thirdsinthemC.two-thirdsofthem D.ofwhomtwothirds10.Ihaveboughttwoball-pens,_____writeswell.neitherofthem B.noneofthemC.neitherofwhich D.noneofwhichDC11.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthatA12.Ihavemanyfriends,_______somearebusinessmen.A.whyB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhomD13．Ifashophaschairs_______womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereD14．Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.whatB15．Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that

C16.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthisC17.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.

A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhichD18.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_______shewantedtobe.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

D19.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that

A20.TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

C21.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_______shehadwipedherhands.(2004，全國卷II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatA22.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_______shehadwipedherhands.(2004，全國卷II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatA23.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,______thesailingtimewas226days.

A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhichA24.Therewas______time_______Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;whenBLanguageusage:1.consider考慮considersth./doingst