TheBankingBusiness2/4/20231ChenJianhuiPartOne2/4/20232ChenJianhuiBankingBusinessWhatdoesabankdo?Howdoesabankoperate?Fromthetextwewilllearnsomethingaboutbanksandtheirbusiness,especiallytheUKbankingbusiness,whichissomewhatdifferentfromthatofourcountry.2/4/20233ChenJianhuiThebasicfunctionsofabank:acceptingandsafeguardingdepositsofmoneyfromcustomers;permittingmoneytobewithdrawnortransferredfromoneaccounttoanother;lendingthesurplusofdepositedmoneytosuitablecustomerswhowishtoborrow.2/4/20234ChenJianhui銀行的基本職能：接受客戶的存款并保證其安全；允許存款的自由支取或轉(zhuǎn)帳；將存款的贏余貸給希望借款的合適的客戶。2/4/20235ChenJianhuiAsoundbankingsystemdependson:partlyonthecontrolexercisedbythecentralbankand,toalargeextent,onthecustomer’strustinthebank.

良好的銀行體系部分取決于中央銀行的管理，另外在很大的程度上取決于客戶對(duì)銀行的信任。2/4/20236ChenJianhuiThecustomertruststhathisdepositswillbelookedafterinthebestpossiblewayandthatwhenhewishestowithdrawhismoney,thefundswillbeavailable.客戶相信他的存款在銀行得到最好方式的照看和保管，他還相信當(dāng)他想取錢時(shí)，隨時(shí)可得到資金。2/4/20237ChenJianhuiBankshaveamajorresponsibilitytobehavelikeagoodcitizensinbusinessiftheywishtoenjoythetrustofthecustomers.如果銀行要得到客戶的信任，他們有責(zé)任在業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營中表現(xiàn)得象好公民。Howtobehavelikeagoodcitizeninbusiness?2/4/20238ChenJianhuiProfitabilityremainsamajorconsiderationtoabank,butthismustsometimesbesetasideinfavorofaninformedandethicaljudgmentthattakesaccountoftheinterestofothers.對(duì)于銀行盈利性始終是要考慮的首要問題，但有時(shí)必須支持有見地、符合道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、顧及他人利益的判斷決定，把盈利性擱置一邊。2/4/20239ChenJianhuiWhatdobankshavetorememberwhenlendingmoney?

Theymustrememberthatthesourceoftheirfundsiscustomers’deposits,andsoitisimportantthattheyshouldlendwherethereisaminimalriskofnon-repayment.

他們必須牢記他們的資金來源是客戶的存款，因此重要的是應(yīng)該把資金借給拒絕償付的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低的地方。2/4/202310ChenJianhuiThebankshaveoftenbeencriticizedfornotlendingmorefreely,butahighriskoflosswillfrequentlydeterthemfromgrantinganadvanceevenifthehighestratesofinterestcouldbecharged.人們常常批評(píng)銀行不能更自由地提供貸款，但即使可能收取最高的利率，高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的損失往往會(huì)阻止銀行發(fā)放貸款。2/4/202311ChenJianhuiThenatureofacommercialbank:Acommercialbankisabusinessfirmthatspecializesinprovidingfinancialservices.Itisalsocalleda“departmentstoreoffinance”.Becauseitoffersthewidestrangeoffinancialservices,and;itperformsthewidestrangeoffinancialfunctions.商業(yè)銀行是專門提供金融服務(wù)的企業(yè)公司。商業(yè)銀行也叫做金融百貨商店。因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)銀行提供最廣范的金融業(yè)務(wù)。并且最大范圍地履行其金融職責(zé)。aaaa2/4/202312ChenJianhuiThebankingbusiness:Traditionalservices傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)workingcapitalloans周轉(zhuǎn)資金貸款start-uploans啟動(dòng)資金貸款syndicatedloans辛迪加貸款projectfinancing項(xiàng)目融資foreigntradefinancing外貿(mào)融資overdraftfacilities透支業(yè)務(wù)personalloans個(gè)人貸款2/4/202313ChenJianhui

travelfacilities

旅行服務(wù)便利

traveler‘scheques旅行支票

remittanceservices匯兌業(yè)務(wù)

travelinsuranceservices旅行保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)depositsandsavings儲(chǔ)蓄存款業(yè)務(wù)certificateofdeposits大額存單creditcardservices信用卡業(yè)務(wù)internationalsettlementservices國際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)2/4/202314ChenJianhui

foreignexchangedealings外匯交易automatictellermachines(ATMs)柜員機(jī)factoringservices保付代理業(yè)務(wù)discountingofbills票據(jù)貼現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)hirepurchase租購leasing租賃investmentandpersonaladviceservices個(gè)人投資咨詢業(yè)務(wù)guaranteeservices擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)2/4/202315ChenJianhui

Innovationsincommercialbanking創(chuàng)新業(yè)務(wù):personalandbusinesstrust個(gè)人和企業(yè)信托securitiesunderwriting證券承銷cashmanagement現(xiàn)金管理securitiesbrokerage證券經(jīng)紀(jì)realestatebrokerage不動(dòng)產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)internationalfinanceservices國際金融業(yè)務(wù)2/4/202316ChenJianhuiAllservices(includingtraditionalservices,suchasofferingsofloansanddeposits)offeredbycommercialbanksadduptogreaterconveniencefortheircustomers.

商業(yè)銀行提供的所有業(yè)務(wù)（包括存貸款業(yè)務(wù)之類的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)）給他們的顧客增加了更大的便利。2/4/202317ChenJianhuiTheimportanceofthecommercialbankscanbestbeillustratedbytherolesofbanksinthetheoryoffinanceandabriefexplanationoftheirmajorfunctions.

金融理論中的銀行作用部分能夠很好地闡述商業(yè)銀行的重要性，并且簡要地說明其主要職能。2/4/202318ChenJianhuiPartTwo2/4/202319ChenJianhuiTypesofAccountThefollowingaretheprincipaltypesofaccountavailabletocustomersoftheClearingbanks.2/4/202320ChenJianhuiCurrentAccounts（活期賬戶）

Thedistinguishingfeaturesofacurrentaccountareasfollows:1.Thebalancestandingtoacustomer’screditoncurrentaccountisrepayableondemandandhehastherighttodrawcheques.2/4/202321ChenJianhui

2.Acustomermaybegrantedanoverdraft,thatistosay,hemaybepermittedtodrawchecksuptoanagreedfigurebeyondtheamountstandingtothecreditofhiscurrentaccount.2/4/202322ChenJianhui

3.Ifabankmanagerwhohasreceivedarequestforanoverdraftsubmitsanapplicationtohisheadofficeortohisregionaloffice,heshouldbeverycarefulnottosayanythingtothecustomerregardingtheoutcomeoftheapplicationwhichmightmisleadingthecustomer.2/4/202323ChenJianhuiIfhedoesmisleadthecustomerandthecustomersuffersloss,thebankmaybeliableindamagesforthemanager’snegligence.

2/4/202324ChenJianhui4.Ifacustomeroverdrawshiscurrentaccountwithoutthebank’spermission,hemaytherebycommitanoffenceundertheTheftAct1968.2/4/202325ChenJianhuiThiswasdecidedinHalsteadv.Patel,whereacustomerdeliberatelyoverdrewhisaccountwiththeNationalGiroalthoughheknewthathewasnotpermittedtodoso.

theNationalGiro國民轉(zhuǎn)帳銀行2/4/202326ChenJianhui5.Thebanknormallyallowsnointerestonsumsstandingtothecustomer’scredit.

2/4/202327ChenJianhui6.Thebankchargesinterestonaday-to-daybasisonoverdraftsoncurrentaccount.Therateofinterestisamatterforagreement,butisveryfrequentlybetweenonepercentandfivepercentabovethebank’sbaserate.

2/4/202328ChenJianhui7.Thebankusuallychargecommissionforservicesrendered,whethertheaccountisincreditorisoverdrawn.Commissionisnormallydebitedhalf-yearlyorquarterly.

2/4/202329ChenJianhui8.Thebanksuppliescustomerswithperiodicalloose-leafstatementssettingoutthedebitandcreditentriesintheiraccounts.

loose-leaf活頁的2/4/202330ChenJianhuiDepositAccounts（定期存款賬戶）

Thedistinguishingfeaturesofadepositaccountareasfollows:1.Thebalancestandingtoacustomer’screditondepositaccountisrepayableuponpersonalapplicationafterastatedperiodofnotice,whichatthepresenttimeisusuallysevendays.Somedepositsaremadeforfixedterms,suchasone,two,three,sixortwelvemonths.2/4/202331ChenJianhui2.Thecustomerhasnorighttodrawcheques.3.Thebankallowsinterestonsumsstandingtothecustomer’screditataratewhichvarieswithitsbaserate.2/4/202332ChenJianhui4.Thebankdoesnotusuallychargecommissiononadepositaccount.Ifservices,suchasthecollectionofdividendsorthepaymentofstandingorders,areundertaken,thecustomerwillnormallyhaveacurrentaccountaswellasadepositaccount,andcommissionwillthereforbechargedinthecurrentaccount.

standingorder（客戶委托銀行定期付款的）長期委托書股息，紅利2/4/202333ChenJianhui5.Thebanksuppliesitscustomerwithapass-booksettingoutthedebitandcreditentriesintheaccount.Alternatively,ifafixedsumistobedeposited,itisstillthepracticeinsomepartsofthecountryforthebanktoissuetoitscustomera‘depositreceipt’.pass-book銀行存折，房屋建筑協(xié)會(huì)借貸簿depositreceipt存款收據(jù)2/4/202334ChenJianhuiSavingsAccounts（儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶）Theseaccountsareaspecialtypeofdepositaccountwhichareintendedprimarilyforsmallsavers.Therateofinterestonsavingsaccountsisusuallyalittlelowerthanthatondepositaccounts,buttherateisfairlystatic,thatistosay,itdoesnotvarywitheverychangeinbaserate.2/4/202335ChenJianhuiSomebanksallowthefulldepositaccountrateofinterestonsavingsaccountbalancesinexcessofacertainfigure,e.g.￡200.

2/4/202336ChenJianhuiLoanAccounts（貸款賬戶）Themostusualmethodoflendingmoneytoacustomerisbywayofoverdraftoncurrentaccount.However,therearecaseswhereitisdesirabletoadvanceafixedsumbywayofloanaccount,theproceedsbeingcreditedtothecustomer’scurrentaccount.2/4/202337ChenJianhuiThisoccurs,forexample,whentheborrowingpowersofthecustomerarelimitedbylaw.Interestiscalculatedontheamountofaloanoutstandingonadailybasis.Sometimes,repaymentiseffectedbyperiodictransfersoffixedamountsfromcurrentaccounttoloanaccount.

2/4/202338ChenJianhuiPersonalLoanAccounts（個(gè)人貸款賬戶）Theseaccountwereintroducedbysomebanksin1958.Thespecialfeaturesofsuchaccountsarethatnosecurityisrequired,andthatarrangementsaremadeforrepaymentoftheloantogetherwithinterestbyequalmonthlyinstalmentsoverperiodsfromsixmonthstofiveyears.抵押，擔(dān)保a2/4/202339ChenJianhuiInthewaythetotalamounttobepaidbywayofchargesisknownattheoutset.Asageneralrule,theloansrangefromaminimumof￡50toamaximumofabout￡5000.attheoutset在開始時(shí)，從一開始2/4/202340ChenJianhuiAsthename‘personalloan’implies,thisserviceisintendedprimarilyforfinancingitemsofdomesticexpenditure,forexample,thepurchaseoffurnitureoracar.domesticexpenditure家庭費(fèi)用，家庭開支2/4/202341ChenJianhuiTheagreementinrespectofapersonalloanusuallyprovidesthat,iftheborrowerdiesbeforecompletingtherepayments,thedebtwillbecancelled,providedthattheinstalmentshavepreviouslybeenkeptuptodate.…如果以前一直能夠按時(shí)付款。2/4/202342ChenJianhuiPartlybecauseofthisinsuranceoverandpartlybecausenosecurityisrequired,ahigherrateofinterestischargedinrespectofpersonalloanthantherateswhichapplytothemoreusualtypesofbanklending.

2/4/202343ChenJianhuiOtherLoansRepayablebyInstalments（其它分期付款的貸款）Somebanksofferothertypesofloansrepayablebymonthlyinstalments,suchasbusinessdevelopmentloans,houseimprovementloans,andfarmdevelopmentloans.2/4/202344ChenJianhuiThesemaybeeithersecuredorunsecured.Securedloansattractaslightlylowerrateofinterestthanunsecuredloans.securedloans有擔(dān)保的貸款unsecuredloans無擔(dān)保貸款2/4/202345ChenJianhuiRevolvingCreditSchemes（循環(huán)信用計(jì)劃）Somebanksofferrevolvingcreditschemes.Thesenormallyinvolveloansrepayablebyregularmonthlyinstalments,buttheydifferfromotherloansrepayablebyinstalmentsintworespects.2/4/202346ChenJianhuiFirst,theborrowerneednottakeupthefullamountoftheloanattheoutset.Secondly,ashisrepaymentsreducehisindebtedness,hecan‘topup’hisloanbyborrowingmore,providedthatthetotaldebtoutstandingdoesnotexceedhisagreedcreditlimit.2/4/202347ChenJianhuiBudgetAccounts（家庭預(yù)算賬戶）In1967somebanksintroducedanewformofaccountcalleda‘budgetaccount’.Theobjectistoallowpersonalcustomerstospreadtheincidenceofnormalpersonalandhouseholdexpenditure,suchasfuelbills,rates,seasontickets,carinsuranceandschoolfees.2/4/202348ChenJianhuiThetotalamountoftheserecurringitemsfortheyearisestimated,andthecustomertransfersthisamountbytwelveequalmonthlyinstalmentsintohisbudgetaccount.recurringitems

循環(huán)賬目2/4/202349ChenJianhuiHethenmakesthepaymentsoutofthisaccountasandwhentheyfalldue.Thus,budgetaccountmayattimesbeoverdrawnwhenpaymentsoutoftheaccountexceedtheamountstransferringintoit.

2/4/202350ChenJianhuiExercisesAnswerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatarethebasicfunctionsofabank?Acceptingandsafeguardingdepositsofmoneyfromcustomers;permittingmoneytobewithdrawnortransferredfromoneaccounttoanother;lendingthesurplusofdepositedmoneytosuitablecustomerswhowishtoborrow.2/4/202351ChenJianhui2.Whatisthesourceofabank’sfunds?Thebank’ssourceoffundsistheircustomer’sdeposits.3.WhichisthecentralbankofGreatBritain?TheBankofEngland.2/4/202352ChenJianhui4.Whataretheservicesprovidedbycommercialbanksaccordingtothetext?takingindepositsandsavingsmakingloansexchangingcurrenciesdiscountingthebillsornotespersonalandbusinesstrustsecuritiesunderwriting2/4/202353ChenJianhuicashmanagementsecuritybrokeragerealestatebrokerageinternationalsettlementforeignexchangedealinginternationalfinanceservices2/4/202354ChenJianhuiTurnthefollowingintoEnglish:1.票據(jù)交換系統(tǒng)2.零售銀行3.專業(yè)銀行4.中央銀行5.資金來源6.壞帳7.儲(chǔ)蓄銀行8.銀行業(yè)務(wù)9.存款和貸款10.房地產(chǎn)市場11.拒絕償付的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)12.利率13.金融業(yè)務(wù)14.現(xiàn)金管理15.證券承銷16.商業(yè)銀行17.銀行系統(tǒng)18.不動(dòng)產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)2/4/202355ChenJmercialbank17.bankingsystem18.realestatebrokerage2/4/202356ChenJianhuiTurnthefollowingintoChinese:1.TheyaregoingtowithdrawalargeamountofmoneyfromtheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina.

他們打算從中國工商銀行支取一大筆款子.2/4/202357ChenJianhui2.TheNationalGirobankisessentiallyamoneytransmissionservicebasedaroundacentralcomputertowhichallaccountholders’paymentinstructionsaresentforprocessing.

國民轉(zhuǎn)帳銀行基本上是一個(gè)以一臺(tái)中央計(jì)算機(jī)為主的貨幣劃撥系統(tǒng)，銀行所有帳戶持有人的付款指令都被送到中央計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行處理。2/4/202358ChenJianhuiPartThree2/4/202359ChenJianhuiBankDeposits

Therearethreemaintypesofbankdepositandbuildingsocietydeposits.First,therearesightdeposits.Thesearedefinedasdepositswhichmaybewithdrawnondemandwithoutlimitorpenalty.sightdeposit即期存款（又稱demanddeposit)包括活期存款(currentaccount)，隔夜資金(overnightmoney)及通知存款(moneyatcall)。2/4/202360ChenJianhuiMostofthemearninterest,usuallyatafloatingratewhichmovesinstepwiththeoccasionalchangesinbankorbuildingsocietybaserates.2/4/202361ChenJianhuiTheratesondepositsaregenerallywellbelowbaserates.Sightdepositscanbewithdrawnthroughcashdispensersorbychequeandareoftencalledcurrentaccounts.cashdispenser現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)currentaccount活期存款（并不一定支付利息）美國稱支票帳戶（checkingaccount）2/4/202362ChenJianhui

Secondly,therearetimedepositswhichalwaysearninterest.Thenametimedepositsarisesbecause,inprinciple,thesedepositsmaynotusuallybewithdrawnwithoutnotice.timedeposits定期存款2/4/202363ChenJianhuiThenoticewillbeagreedbetweenthebankandthedepositorwhenthedepositisfirstopened.2/4/202364ChenJianhuiHowever,thereisonegroupoftimedepositscalledinstantsavingsaccountswherelimitedwithdrawalsmaybemadewithoutanynoticebeingformallyrequired.instantsavingsaccount自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)存儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶limitedwithdrawal限額提款2/4/202365ChenJianhuiFormodesttimedeposits,likethoseheldbymanyhouseholds,periodsofaweekoramontharemostcommon,andthesedepositsareoftencalleddepositaccounts.modesta.程度不高的，中等的depositaccount存款帳戶,儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶能生息但提款要事先通知銀行的帳戶。2/4/202366ChenJianhuiInpractice,thesesmalldepositscanoftenbewithdrawnwithoutnotice,butinthatcasethereisapenaltyintheformofsomelossofinterest.2/4/202367ChenJianhuiTheinterestratesonthesesmalldepositsareusuallyfloatingrates,andtheyareusually2--5%belowthebank’scurrentbaserates.2/4/202368ChenJianhuiHowever,higherfixedratesareavailableonsomedeposits,notablymanylong-termbuildingsocietydepositscalledbonds.Forsumsof,say,￡500ormore,householdscanusefixedtermdepositswhosetermsrangefromafewdaysuptoperhapsfiveyears.2/4/202369ChenJianhuiThesedepositsearnhigherinterestrates,whichmaybefixedorfloating,butnowithdrawalsarealloweduntilthetermhasended.2/4/202370ChenJianhuiPeoplecanearnlimitedamountsoftax-freeinterestfromspecialtimedepositscalledtax-exemptspecialsavingsaccounts(TESSAs).tax-freeinterest免稅利息tax-exemptspecialsavingsaccount特別免稅儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶2/4/202371ChenJianhuiIn1999,thesewillbereplacedbypersonalfundscalledindividualsavingsaccounts(ISAs).ISAswillalsoallowpeopletoearnsometax-freeincomefromsecurities.personalfunds個(gè)人基金individualsavingsaccount個(gè)人儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶2/4/202372ChenJianhuiOnverylargefixed-termdepositsofperhaps￡100,000ormore,whichwouldgenerallybeplacedonlybycompanies,bankstendtoofferevenhigherinterestrates.2/4/202373ChenJianhuiTheseratesusuallylinkedtotheirLIBIDratesratherthantotheirbaserates.Withadepositof,say,￡5m,acompanymightsecurethefullLIBIDrate,butwithanythinglessitwouldprobablybeofferedaslightlylowerrate.LIBIDrate（LondonInterbankBidRate的簡稱）倫敦同業(yè)存款利率LIBOR（LondonInterbankOfferedRate的簡稱）倫敦同業(yè)拆出利率2/4/202374ChenJianhuiMostdepositslikethesearemadeonthebasisthattheratewillbechangedeverythreeorsixmonthsinlinewiththecurrentthreeorsix-monthLIBIDrate.2/4/202375ChenJianhuiThirdly,therearecertificatesofdeposit(CDs).Thesearelargedeposits,usuallyover￡100,000,thatcannotbewithdrawnuntilanagreedmaturitydate.certificateofdeposit大額存單anagreedmaturitydate約定的到期日2/4/202376ChenJianhuiThisdateisusuallybetweenonemonthandoneyearafterthedepositisplaced,butitmaybeuptofiveyearslater.CDsalwaysearninterest,almostalwaysatafixedrate,andtheinterestispaidatmaturityexceptonCDslastingoverayear,whenitispaidannually.存款的期限為一個(gè)月至一年，但也可超過5年。大額存單總能獲取利息，利率幾乎總是固定的，一般在到期日支付利息，但如果期限超過一年，就按年度支付。2/4/202377ChenJianhuiCDratesarenottiedtobaseratesorLIBIDrates,but,likeLIBIDrates,theychangefrequently.AlthoughCDscannotbewithdrawn,theycanbemarketed,thatissold,atanytime.2/4/202378ChenJianhuiThismeansthatCDsaremoreflexiblethanfixed-termdeposits,sobanksandbuildingsocietiescanofferslightlylowerinterestratesonthem.

CDsaretradedinthemoneymarket.ThismeansthatpeoplewhowishtobuyorsellCDswillusuallyeitherapproachamoneybrokerorabank.moneybroker貨幣經(jīng)紀(jì)人2/4/202379ChenJianhuiAllbanksactuallyholdsomeCDs–whichmeanstheyareeffectivelyholdingdepositsatotherbanks–andtheyareusuallywillingtotradeinCDs.2/4/202380ChenJianhuiTheyquoteabidpricefortheCDswhichtheybuyandaslightlyhigheraskpriceforthosewhichtheysell;thustheyhaveabidaskspread.MoneybrokersdonotgenerallyholdCDs,buttheyputpartieswhowishtotradeCDsintouchwitheachother.bidprice買方出價(jià)，標(biāo)價(jià)askprice賣方出價(jià)，賣價(jià)，出價(jià)亦稱offeredprice,askingprice。bidaskspread買賣差價(jià)2/4/202381ChenJianhuiThepartiesmaytradeatapriceinbetweenthebidandaskpricesofferedbythebanks,andthismeansthebuyerwillsecureaslightlylowerpriceandtheselleraslightlyhigherpricethanwouldbesecuredbytradingwithbanks;交易的各方在銀行提供的買賣價(jià)格范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行交易，就是說買方得到的價(jià)格比與銀行交易的價(jià)格稍低，賣方得到的價(jià)格比與銀行交易的價(jià)格稍高;但其收益可能被經(jīng)紀(jì)人收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)而抵銷。2/4/202382ChenJianhuibutthesegainsmaywellbeoffsetbythecommissionfeeswhichthebrokerwillcharge.

offsetv.沖銷，抵銷commissionfee手續(xù)費(fèi)，傭金2/4/202383ChenJianhuiExercisesTurnthefollowingintoChinese:1)moneybroker2)currentaccount3)timedeposit4)depositaccount

2/4/202384ChenJianhui5)tax-freeinterest6)individualsavingsaccount7)certificateofdeposit8)askprice9)bidaskspread10)commissionfee2/4/202385ChenJianhuiMultiplechoice:

1)Certificatesofdepositarelargedepositsofover￡100,000and_____untilanagreedmaturitydate.A.canbewithdrawnB.canbewithdrawnwithoutinterestC.cannotbewithdrawnD.cannotbewithdrawnwithoutnotice

C2/4/202386ChenJianhui2)Bankstendtoofferevenhigherinterestratesonverylarge________ofperhaps￡100,000ormore,whichwouldgenerallybeplacedonlybycompanies.A.fixed-termdepositsB.sightdepositsC.currentaccountD.tax-exemptspecialsavingsaccountsA2/4/202387ChenJianhui3)Thethreemaintypesofbankdepositandbuildingsocietydepositsare______.A.currentaccounts,savingsaccountsandtax-exemptspecialsavingsaccountsB.depositaccounts,savingsaccountsandtax-exemptspecialsavingsaccountsC.fixed-timedeposits,largedepositsandcertificatesofdepositD.sightdeposits,timedepositsandcertificatesofdepositD2/4/202388ChenJianhui4)Sightdepositscanbewithdrawnthroughcashdispensersorbychequeandareoftencalled_______.A.currentaccountsB.depositaccountsC.savingsaccountsD.instantsavingsaccountsA2/4/202389ChenJianhui5)Thenametimedepositsarisesbecausethesedepositsmaynotbewithdrawn________.A.atmaturitydateB.withoutnoticeC.withnoticeD.inayearB2/4/202390ChenJianhuiPartFour2/4/202391ChenJianhuiBankAdvances

Bankadvancescomeinthreemainforms:overdrafts,personalloansandmortgages.bankadvance銀行貸款overdraftn.(英國)透支公司或個(gè)人經(jīng)銀行允許可從其銀行帳上超余額提取資金personalloan個(gè)人貸款mortgage抵押貸款2/4/202392ChenJianhuiAnoverdraftisaloanwhoseamountisjustsufficienttopreventtheborrower’sdepositfromgoingbelowzero.Thesumborrowedrisesandfallsasandwhentheborrowerdebitsorcreditsthedepositconcerned,andinterestisdueonthefluctuatingamountborrowed.透支的金額僅夠使借款人的存款余額不低于零。透支所借的數(shù)額隨著借款人的有關(guān)存款的收支情況而增減，這種上下波動(dòng)的借款是要付利息的2/4/202393ChenJianhuiTheinterestratesthatbankschargeonoverdraftsarerelatedtotheircurrentbaseratebutarealwayswellabovetheirbaserate.2/4/202394ChenJianhuiInprinciple,theyadddifferentamountstotheirbaseratefordifferentcustomersaccordingtotheirperceivedcredit-worthiness,butinpracticetheyapplyastandardamountformostpersonalcustomers.credit-worthiness信譽(yù)2/4/202395ChenJianhuiHowever,theydochargemuchhigherratesforanydepositorswhorunupoverdraftswithoutprioragreement.runup積欠（賬款，債務(wù)等）2/4/202396ChenJianhuiBankschangetheirbaseratesfairlyinfrequently,butbecausetheirbaseratesoftenchangeoverthelifeofanoverdraft,overdraftsaresaidtobechargedinterestatafloatingrate.2/4/202397ChenJianhuiWithapersonalloan,abankcustomeragreestoborrowafixedsum,say

￡1,200,andalsoagreesarepaymentschedulewhichmight,forexample,involverepaying￡100amonthoverthenextyear.2/4/202398ChenJianhuiSomepersonalloansaremadeforaslongas10years.Interestischargedatafixedratethatisagreedinadvance.Therateonapersonalloanislinkedtothebaserateatthetimewhentheloanismade,butitisalwayshigherthanthebaserate.inadvance事先2/4/202399ChenJianhuiTheadditionismeasuredintermsofbasispoints.Forexample,iftheadditioninthecaseofoneborroweris800basispoints,thenthatborrowerwillpayaratethatis8%abovebaserate,eachbasispointadding0.01%.additionn.附加費(fèi)basispoint基點(diǎn)，基本點(diǎn)一個(gè)基點(diǎn)等于0.01%，是衡量市場利率變動(dòng)的基本單位2/4/2023100ChenJianhuiThenumberofbasispointsonaloanmaydependalittleonthelengthoftheloanandontheamountborrowed,butitwilldependchieflyonthecreditworthinessoftheborrower.2/4/2023101ChenJianhuiThestatedinterestratesonpersonalloansoftenlookdeceptivelylowbecausetheymaynotbetheactualinterestrates.deceptivelyadv.騙人地，靠不住地2/4/2023102ChenJianhuiThisarisesbecausethestatedratesaresometimesexpressedbyworkingouttheinterestpaymentsasapercentageoftheinitialloan,whichwouldbe￡1,200intheexamplegivenhere,eventhoughtheaverageamountborrowedovertheperiodoftheloanisconsiderablylower.這種情況的產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)把支付的利息算作首次貸款的一個(gè)百分比。在上述例子中可能是1200英鎊，即使貸款期間實(shí)際借入的金額要低得多。2/4/2023103ChenJianhuiAmortgageisaloanthatismadeforalongperiodtohelpsomeonebuyorimproveahome.2/4/2023104ChenJianhuiBankmortgagesaremadeatfloatingratesandcloselyresemblebuildingsocietymortgages,mostofwhicharemadespeciallyforbuyingorimprovinghomes.buildingsocietymortgage房屋互助協(xié)會(huì)抵押貸款2/4/2023105ChenJianhuiBuildingsocietymortgagesareusuallymadeonalong-termbasis,oftenupto25years,butmanyofthemarepaidoffwithinthattimeaspeoplerarelystayinonehomesolong.

on…basis(=onthebasisof…)按照…方式例如：onalong-termbasis（長期地）；onafloatingratebasis（按浮動(dòng)利率）；onthebasisofcollection(或onthecollectionbasis)按托收的方式2/4/2023106ChenJianhuiOfcourse,whenpeoplemove,theymaywantanewmortgagetohelppurchasetheirnewhome.Mortgagesaretypicallymadeonafloatingratebasis.2/4/2023107ChenJianhuiSomemortgagesaremadeontheunderstandingthatborrowerswillpaythemoffsteadilyovertheperiodoftheloan,whileothersaremadeontheunderstandingthattheborrowerswillpaythemoffattheendinasingleinstalment.ontheunderstandingthat…以…為條件，如果…instalmentn.分期付款2/4/2023108ChenJianhuiHouseholdsmayhaveotherloanssuchascardloans,whichariseoncardsofvarioussorts.Onesort,knownascreditcards,areissuedbybanks,sotheloansassociatedwiththesecardscould,arguably,beseenasanotherformofbankadvance.cardloan卡式貸款creditcard信用卡非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算的一種工具。是由銀行或信用卡公司開給個(gè)人使用的、證明持卡人身份和信用程度的消費(fèi)信貸憑證。持卡人可用信用卡代替現(xiàn)金到特約商店直接購物，及支付其它消費(fèi)所需；或在自動(dòng)提款機(jī)上取款；到約定銀行兌換現(xiàn)金；還可以在額度之內(nèi)透支。a2/4/2023109ChenJianhuiCreditcardholderscanchargepurchasestotheircreditcardaccounts,andtheyreceivemonthlystatements.Iftheypaythefullamountshownontheirmonthlystatementsfairlypromptly,thennointerestisdue.creditcardaccount信用卡帳戶monthlystatement月結(jié)單，月對(duì)帳單2/4/2023110ChenJianhuiIftheydonot,theninterestisdueontheoutstandingamountatarelativelyhighandfloatingrate.Thereareindividuallyagreedlimitsonthetotalamountthatpeoplecanchargetotheircardaccounts.outstandingamount未償金額2/4/2023111ChenJianhuiChargecardsaresimilartocreditcardsexceptthatfullpaymentsmustbemadepromptlysothatextendedborrowingisnotallowed.ThemainexamplesareAmericanExpressandDinersClub.chargecard借記卡應(yīng)支付費(fèi)用，但不允許透支的信用卡，每月底必須結(jié)算費(fèi)用?？梢栽谧詣?dòng)現(xiàn)金提款機(jī)上提取現(xiàn)金和用于消費(fèi)付款。Express運(yùn)通卡

DinersClub大萊卡2/4/2023112ChenJianhuiSomecreditcardsandchargecardsarecalledgoldcards.Theseofferhighercreditlimitsand,ifthe