06/605/6/[語法初識]原句感知自主探究①Martialartsfilmsareoftenenjoyablebuttheyareseldomgreatart.②AngLeehadneverdirectedamartialartsfilmbefore.③Filmslikethisrarelyreachthebigscreen.④...charactersleapthroughtheaireverynowandthen.⑤WuxiafilmsarepopularinChina⑥TheactiontakesplaceonPekingrooftops...⑦Everyoneinitactssobrilliantly.⑧Ithasoccasionallybeendone.⑨Thestorytakesplaceintheearly1800sinChina.⑩Iwatchfilmsallthetimeattheweekend.(1)頻度副詞通常放在be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，實義動詞之前。如例句①②。(2)有些頻度副詞可以放在句中或句尾。如例句③④。(3)地點副詞通常放在句尾。如例句⑤⑥。(4)單個副詞或副詞短語都可以作狀語。如例句⑦⑧⑨⑩。[語法剖析]副詞一般用來描述動作或修飾形容詞、副詞或整個句子，一般在句中作狀語；但也有少數(shù)副詞，如地點、方位副詞在句子中可作定語或表語。副詞按詞匯意義和句法功能可分為時間副詞、地點副詞、頻度副詞、程度副詞、方式副詞、疑問副詞、連接副詞、關系副詞等。這里主要學習頻度副詞和地點副詞。語法點一頻度副詞和地點副詞1.頻度副詞常見的頻度副詞有：often,always,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,rarely,hardly,occasionally等，頻度副詞通常放在句中，置于所修飾的實義動詞之前，第一個助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be動詞之后。Sheissometimeslate.她有時會遲到。Doyouoftenholdsuchparties?你常舉行這樣的聚會嗎？Johnusuallygoestoschoolat7.約翰通常7點去上學。2．地點副詞(1)常見的地點副詞有：A．表具體地點：here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,abroad,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere。B．表位置關系：inside,outside,over,under,above,in,out,across,around,round,back,before,behind,along,away,off,by,near,nearby,below,past。(2)地點副詞在句中的位置一般放在行為動詞的后面，句末或句首，一般不放在句中。Irememberhavingseenhimsomewhere.我記得在什么地方見過他。Thereyoucanfindtheboy.在那兒你可以找到那個男孩兒。集中演練11－1.單句語法填空①Nowthatit'sraining,we'dbetterstayindoors(indoor)．②Shegoestochurchonlyoccasionally(occasion),butshebelieves.③Sheusually(usual)goesoutonSaturdaynights.④Ihardly(hard)everheardhimsing.⑤Irarely(rare)havetimetoreadanewspaper.1－2.完成句子⑥我老是將眼鏡亂放。Iam_always_misplacingmyglasses.⑦這種植物在南方隨處可見。Thiskindofplantcanbeseeneverywhere_in_the_south.⑧一只鳥在天上飛。Up_in_the_skyisflyingabird.⑨我聽到從上面?zhèn)鱽硪宦暰揄?，非常吃驚。Iwasastonishedhearing_a_big_noise_above．⑩她通常自己為家人做晚餐。Sheusually_cooks_supperforherfamilybyherself.語法點二副詞和副詞短語作狀語1.副詞作狀語(1)副詞的主要作用就是作狀語，特別是以-ly結尾的副詞，它們可以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。也有一些副詞不以-ly結尾，它們可以修飾動詞，也可以修飾形容詞或副詞。還有一些副詞可以修飾整個句子，表明說話人的態(tài)度，作句子的狀語，常見的這類副詞有actually,briefly,certainly,clearly,fortunately,honestly,luckily,surprisingly,anyway等。Shekindlywaitedforme.她很有禮貌地等著我。Thebagisn'tbigenough.這個袋子不夠大。Honestly,Ithinkyou'realittleprejudiced.說真的，我感覺你有點偏見。(2)有些副詞有兩種形式，一個與形容詞同形，表示具體意義；一個以-ly結尾，表示抽象意義或引申含義。close意為“近”；closely意為“仔細地”。late意為“晚”；lately意為“最近”。deep意為“深”，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，意為“深深地”。high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于much。free意為“免費”；freely意為“無限制地”。wide表示空間寬度；widely意為“廣泛地，在許多地方”。Heissittingclosetome.他就坐在我邊上。Watchhimclosely.盯著他。Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.他把棍子深深插進泥里。Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.老爸也被電影深深打動了。(3)friendly,lively,lovely,likely,orderly,sickly,motherly,fatherly等形式上為副詞，而實際上可用作形容詞。Heisveryfriendlytous.他對我們很友好。Itislikelytoraintoday.今天有可能下雨。(4)有些副詞能充當連詞引導句子。如：immediately,directly,instantly,constantly等。IgavehimthemoneyimmediatelyIsawhim.我一見到他就把錢給他了。集中演練22－1.單句改錯①Whathaveyoubeendoinglate?late→lately②Theplanewasflyinghighly.highly→high③Englishiswideusedintheworld.wide→widely④Youcaneatfreelyinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.freely→free⑤ShespeaksEnglishgood.good→well2－1.完成句子⑥Youshouldlistencarefully(認真地)totheteacherinclass.⑦She'salively(活潑的)childandpopularwitheveryone.⑧Wouldyouliketogooutinginordertogetclose(接近)tonature?⑨Fortunately(幸運的是),theflooddidnotbreakthedam.⑩Surprisingly(令人吃驚的是),hedoesnotseemtomindlivinginpoverty.?Immediately/Instantly/Directly(一……就)she'dgone,theboysstartedtomessabout.2．短語作狀語(1)介詞短語亦可作狀語表示時間、地點、方式、原因等。Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.夏天他每天都游泳。(2)名詞短語作狀語表示時間、方式、程度等。Theletterwasinmypocketallthetime.這封信一直在我的口袋里。(3)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞短語也可作狀語。HoldingaDV,shewentin.她手里拿著DV，走了進來。Lostinthought,shealmostranintothecarbeforeher.陷入沉思，她幾乎撞上前面的汽車。集中演練3完成句子①Imethimin_the_park(在公園里)yesterday.②Heoperatedthemachinethe_same_way(用相同的方法)．③Wait_a_moment(稍等),Ihaveafewwordstosay.④Peoplerarelygoswimmingoutdoorsduring_the_winter(在冬季)becauseitistoocold.⑤Buried_in_his_book(埋頭讀書),hedidn'tnoticesomeoneenteringthehouse.[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2016·全國乙卷完形)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly(regular)．解析：考查詞性轉換之形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~。空格處修飾動詞短語takeshortbreaks，故用副詞。regular的副詞形式是regularly。2．(2015·安徽高考)Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeitherpersonally(person)orthroughtheircompanies.解析：句意：他們給那位老人的家里送錢，有的是以個人的名義，有的則是通過他們的公司。personally“親自，當面地，個人而言”，符合句意。3．(2015·湖北高考)Thegirlusedtobeshy,butisgradually(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.解析：句意：那個女孩過去很害羞，但現(xiàn)在團隊合作越來越積極，(比以前)更愿意表達自己的想法。gradually“逐漸地”，符合句意。4．(2014·湖北高考)HardlyhadSabrinafinishedherwordswhenAlbertsaidsharply(sharp),“Don'tbesomean，”pointingafingerofwarningather.解析：考查副詞。句意：Sabrina剛一說完，Albert就反唇相譏：“別那么小氣。”同時用威脅的手勢指著她。sharply“機敏地，尖刻地”。5．(2013·浙江高考)Ifweleaverightaway,hopefully(hope)we'llarriveontime.解析：句意：如果我們立刻出發(fā)，我們有望按時到達。hopefully“有希望地”，符合句意。[針對演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iusually(usual)wakeupearly.2．Occasionally(occasion)shehadtotakesleepingpills.3．Theplandidn'tworkoutverywell(good)．4．Dustanddirtwillaccumulate(積累)ifahouseisnotcleanedregularly(regular)．5．Grainstoresarefrequently(frequent)attackedbypests.6．Thetruthisrarely(rare)pureandneversimple.7．Generally(general)speaking，womenlivelongerthanmen.8．Hehascertainly(certain)mademoresuccessfulfilmsthananyotherdirectorinthewest.9．Easily(easy)saidthandone.10．Theworkersareangrily(anger)demandinghigherpay.Ⅱ.完成句子1．很幸運，他沒被淹死，被一名解放軍救了。Fortunately,_hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbyaPLAman.2．那座樓房看起來很壯觀。The_building_therelooksverygrand.3．他坐在那兒，陷入沉思。Hesattheredeep_in_thought．4．聽見聲音，他飛快地沖下樓來。Hearingthevoice,herushed_downstairsquickly.5．他不再沮喪了，因為他不久以后將見到自己的女兒。Hewassadnolongerbecausehewouldseehisdaughterbefore_long．Ⅲ.短文改錯DearMr.Brown，I'mve