河南省南陽(yáng)市中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromtheforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystem_______.A.brokeoff

B.brokeup

C.brokeout

D.brokedown參考答案：D2.Youngpeopleareundergreatpressure.Therefore,parentsshouldn’texpecttoomuchfromthem,foritwillonlycausepressureto____________.

A.pickup

B.turnup

C.breakup

D.buildup

參考答案：D3.Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’tmuchnoise.

A.resistB.registerC.tolerate

D.undergo參考答案：C提示:句意:“一些老年人不喜歡流行歌曲,因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苋萑烫蟮脑胍簟！眗esist“抵抗,抗住”;register“注冊(cè)”;tolerate“容忍,忍受”;undergo“經(jīng)歷,遭受”。

4.________totoomuchsunshinedoesgreatharmtoone’sskin.

A.ExposedB.BeingexposedC.Havingexposed

D.Exposing參考答案：B5.Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeaths________thoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.

A.arisefrom B.sufferfrom C.sufferingfrom

D.arisingfrom參考答案：D6.IcameacrossmyChineseteacherinthesupermarketnearmyhouse,_________wasoutofmyexpectation.A.what

B.which

C.where

D.that參考答案：B7.Nowadays，scientistsareworkinghardtofindabestwayoftreatingaddictions________drugs.A．of

B．in

C．on

D．to參考答案：D8.

InthehighplainsareaisLakeTiticaca,thehighestlakeintheworld_____boatscantravel.

A.which

B.onwhich

C.bywhich

D.forwhich參考答案：B9.Itwillbeveryconvenienttotravelinthiscitywhentheunderground

nextyear.A.willbecompleted B.iscompleted

C.hascompleted

D.wouldcomplete參考答案：B試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，所以后面when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；underground和complete之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，股用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。10.Whowillthefactoryunder______constructionbein_____chargeof?A./;the

B.the;/

C./;

/

D.the;the參考答案：A11.

Newscamefromtheschooloffice______theschoollibrarywouldbeopennextweek.A.that

B.what

C.which

D.where參考答案：A12._______Jane’swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.A.Follow

B.Following

C.Followed

D.Tofollow參考答案：B略13.Thestonebridge___lastyearisverybeautiful.A.built

B.wasbuilt

C.beingbuilt

D.tobebuilt參考答案：A14.TherewasnothingspecialabouthistraveltoXi’an,itwasonly_____.A.particular B.curious C.average D.regular參考答案：C15.Nobodyexpectedthere

somanychangesinourlifeinthe1970s.A.having

B.tohave

C.being

D.tobe參考答案：D【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：在20世紀(jì)70年代，沒(méi)有人預(yù)料到我們的生活發(fā)生了這么多變化。此處是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)形式做賓語(yǔ)，expecttodosth.“期盼做某事”，故答案為D?！军c(diǎn)睛】1.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)形式，本質(zhì)上是帶有自己邏輯主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。2.不定式theretobe還是fortheretobe取決于在句中做什么成分。(1)作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用theretobe。there是形式賓語(yǔ)，tobe是賓補(bǔ)，后面的名詞是真正賓語(yǔ)。(2)作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要用fortheretobe。forthere是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，there是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是其后的名詞。3.therebeing可能是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。there是being形式上的邏輯主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是其后的名詞。(2)作狀語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。前者為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，there是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)（形式上），真正主語(yǔ)是其后的名詞；后者中there是形式賓語(yǔ)，being是現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)，其后的名詞是真正賓語(yǔ)。16.________thathemadeanobviousmistake,Jeffwentonwithhisspeech.A．Notrealized

B．NotrealizingC．Nottorealize

D．Nottohaverealized參考答案：B17.Shewasso

inherworkthatshedidn’trealizeitwastimetopickupherson.A.attracted B.considered C.absorbed D.concentrated參考答案：C18.It’shightimethatwe___toschool.

A.

wouldto

B.

went

C.

go

D.

willgo參考答案：B二、短文改錯(cuò)19.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Itisclearshownthatmanymiddleschoolstudentshavephysicalandmentalproblems.68%ofthestudentssurveyinghavestudyinganxietyaswellaspooreyesighttoo.Andalargerpercentagelackssleep.52%areshortofphysicalexercise.42%ofthestudentswon’tobeyourparentsorteachers.Personally,Ithinkwestudentshouldbalanceourphysicalexerciseandstudies.Withoutsoundbody,onecan’tachieveanything.However,toomuchattentionhasbeenpaidonlyonstudies.Asaresult,Isuggestwearegivenlesshomeworkormoretimeforout-of-classroomactivities.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveahappyandhealthylife.參考答案：Itisclearshownthatmanymiddleschoolstudentshavephysicalandmentalproblems.68%ofthe

clearlystudentssurveyinghavestudyinganxietyaswellaspooreyesighttoo.Andalargerpercentagelacks

surveyed

去掉

lacksleep.52%areshortofphysicalexercise.42%ofthestudentswon’tobeyourparentsorteachers.Personally,Ithink

theirwestudentshouldbalanceourphysicalexerciseandstudies.Withoutsoundbody,onecan’tachieve

students

aanything.However,toomuchattentionhasbeenpaidonlyonstudies.Asaresult,Isuggestwearegivenless

to

behomeworkormoretimeforout-of-classroomactivities.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveahappyandhealthy

andlife.1．考查副詞。修飾過(guò)去分詞shown，應(yīng)該用副詞。故clear改為clearly。2．考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：被調(diào)查的68%的學(xué)生有學(xué)習(xí)焦慮以及視力問(wèn)題。students和survey之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故surveying改為surveyed。3．考查副詞。too和aswellas重復(fù),均表示“也”。故刪去too。4．考查主謂一致。完整的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是alargerpercentage（ofthestudents），應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。故lack改為lacks。5．考查代詞。根據(jù)句意"42%的學(xué)生不服從他們的父母和老師"，應(yīng)該用their。故our改為their。6．考查同位語(yǔ)。student作了we的同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。student改為students。7．考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意"沒(méi)有一個(gè)健康的身體"，所以加上a。8．考查介詞。固定搭配payattentiontosth。故on改為to。9．考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。suggest后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。故are改為be。10．考查連詞。根據(jù)句意"我們應(yīng)該給予更少的作業(yè)和更多的時(shí)間"?？隙ň渲斜硎尽昂汀睉?yīng)該用and。故or改為and。三、閱讀理解20.Belowarethefourmostfamousbridgesintheworld.PonteVecchioBridgeThePonteVecchio(literally“oldbridge”)isabridgebuiltintheMiddleAgesovertheArnoRiverinFlorence,Italy,theonlyFlorentinebridgetosurviveWorldWarⅡ.Thebridgeisuniqueforstillhavingshopsbuiltalongit,aswascommoninthedaysoftheMedici.Butchersoriginallyoccupiedsouvenirsellers.Itissaidthattheeconomicconceptofbankruptcyoriginatedhere:whenamerchantcouldnotpayhisdebts,thetableonwhichhesoldhisgoodswasphysicallybrokenbysoldiers,andthispracticewascalled“bancorotto(brokentable)”．GoldenGateBridgeTheGoldenGateBridgeisasuspensionbridgespanningtheGoldenGate,thestraitbetweenSanFranciscoandMarinCountytothenorth.ItisthemasterworkofarchitectJosephB.Strauss,whosestatuegracesthesouthernobservationdeck.Thebridgetooksevenyearstobuild,andwascompletedin1937.TheGoldenGateBridgeusedtobethelongestsuspensionbridgespanintheworld.AndtodayithasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinSanFranciscoandCalifornia.Sinceitscompletion,thespanlengthhasbeensurpassedbyeightotherbridges.Thefamousred-orangecolor1ofthebridgewasspecificallychosentomakethebridgemoreeasilyvisiblethroughthethickfogthatfrequentlycoversthebridge.MillauBridgeStartedin1998andopenedtotrafficin2005,theMillauViaductisahugecable-stayedroad-bridgethatspansthevalleyoftheriverTarnnearMillauinsouthernFrance.Itisthetallesthighwaybridgeintheworld,withthehighestpylon’ssummitat343meters—slightlytallerthantheEiffelTower.Thespeedlimitonthebridgewasreducedfrom130km/hto110km/hbecauseoftrafficslowingdown,duetotouriststakingpicturesofthebridgefromthevehicles.Shortlyafterthebridgeopenedtotraffic,passengerswerestoppingtoadmirethelandscapeandthebridgeitself.CharlesBridgeTheCharlesBridgeisafamousstoneGothicbridgethatcrossestheVltavaRiverinPrague,CzechRepublic.Itsconstructionstartedin1357underthesupportofKingCharlesIV,andfinishedinthebeginningofthe15thcentury.AstheonlymeansofcrossingtheriverVltava,theCharlesBridgewasthemostimportantconnectionbetweentheOldTownandtheareaaroundPragueCastle.ConnectionmadePragueimportantasatraderoutebetweenEasternandWesternEurope.TodayitisoneofthemostvisitedsightsinPraguewithpainters,ownersofkiosksandothertradersalongsidenumeroustouristscrossingthebridge.1.Ofthefourbridges,whichonehastheshortesthistory?A.PonteVecchio. B.GoldenGateBridge.C.MillauBridge. D.CharlesBridge.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheGoldenGateBridge?A.Thespanlengthranksthe8thintheworld.B.Itscolor1enablestravelerstoseeiteasilyonfoggydays.C.ItisthemostpopulartouristattractioninAmerica.D.IttookJosephB.Strauss7yearstodesignthebridge.3.TheCharlesBridgeplayedanimportantroleinPrague,CzechRepublicbecause________．A.itattractedmanyfamouspaintersthereB.itwassupportedbyKingCharlesIVC.itwastheonlystoneGothicbridgecrossingtheVltavaRiverD.itpromotedthetradebetweenEasternandWesternEurope參考答案：1.C

2.B

3.D【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了世界上最著名的四座橋?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MillauBridge”中的“Startedin1998andopenedtotrafficin2005”可知，米勞高架橋始建于1998年，2005年通車。根據(jù)“PonteVecchioBridge”中的“ThePonteVecchio(literally“oldbridge”)isabridgebuiltintheMiddleAgesovertheArnoRiverinFlorenc”可知，PonteVecchioBridge建于中世紀(jì)?！癎oldenGateBridge”部分中的“Thebridgetooksevenyearstobuild,andwascompletedin1937”可知“GoldenGateBridge”建于1937年。“CharlesBridge.”中可知“startedin1357underthesupportofKingCharlesIV,andfinishedinthebeginningofthe15thcentury.”可知，CharlesBridge始建于1357年，于15世紀(jì)初竣工。綜合可知C.MillauBridge歷史最短，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GoldenGateBridge部分中最后一句“Thefamousred-orangecolor1ofthebridgewasspecificallychosentomakethebridgemoreeasilyvisiblethroughthethickfogthatfrequentlycoversthebridge.”可知，金門橋的紅橙色是特意選出來(lái)的，為了讓人們能更容易透過(guò)厚厚的霧看清橋上的狀況。即這種顏色能讓過(guò)橋的人更容易在霧天看清路況。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheCharlesBridge

startedin1357underthesupportofKingCharlesIV,AstheonlymeansofcrossingtheriverVltava,theCharlesBridgewasthemostimportantconnectionbetweentheOldTownandtheareaaroundPragueCastle.ConnectionmadePragueimportantasatraderoutebetweenEasternandWesternEurope.TodayitisoneofthemostvisitedsightsinPraguewithpainters,ownersofkiosksandothertradersalongsidenumeroustouristscrossingthebridge”可知，查爾斯橋于1357年在國(guó)王查理四世的支持下開(kāi)始建造。查爾斯橋是穿越弗拉塔瓦河的唯一途徑，是連接古鎮(zhèn)和布拉格城堡周圍地區(qū)的最重要的橋梁。而布拉格作為連接?xùn)|歐和西歐的一條貿(mào)易通道，具有重要意義。由此可知，這座橋在連拉東西方的貿(mào)易方面起了重要的作用，可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考?？嫉念}型。文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細(xì)節(jié)信息的支持，這些細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時(shí)也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題常用的策略有：（1）細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而應(yīng)采取“帶著問(wèn)題找答案”的方法，先從問(wèn)題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的：段落、語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較，確定答案。如第2小題，首先根據(jù)題目“WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheGoldenGateBridge?”定位于theGoldenGateBridge，然而略讀及查讀，找到GoldenGateBridge部分中最后一句“Thefamousred-orangecolor1ofthebridgewasspecificallychosentomakethebridgemoreeasilyvisiblethroughthethickfogthatfrequentlycoversthebridge.”可知，金門橋的紅橙色是特意選出來(lái)的，為了讓人們更容易透過(guò)厚厚的霧能看清橋上的狀況。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。（2）變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語(yǔ)和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來(lái)取代原文中的表述，命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來(lái)迷惑考生，即對(duì)原句細(xì)微處做改動(dòng)，截取原文詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。如第2小題“WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheGoldenGateBridge?”的答案B項(xiàng)（Itscolor1enablestravelerstoseeiteasilyonfoggydays）就是對(duì)原文“Thefamousred-orangecolor1ofthebridgewasspecificallychosentomakethebridgemoreeasilyvisiblethroughthethickfogthatfrequentlycoversthebridge.”的另一種表達(dá)和解釋。enablestravelerstoseeiteasily換成了makethebridgemoreeasilyvisible。（3）多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)考查的并不是單一的信息，而是多處信息的整合。解答此類“綜合”信息細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，一定要全面捕捉相關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行綜合分析、歸納，切忌根據(jù)“一面之詞”草率地作出結(jié)論。如第1小題“Ofthefourbridges,whichonehastheshortesthistory?”要把四座橋的歷史作一個(gè)比較綜合，歸納后才能得出結(jié)論。21.Youarewatchingafilminwhichtwomenarehavingafight.Theyhitoneanotherhard.Atthestarttheyonlyfightwiththeirfists.Butsoontheybeginhittingoneanotherovertheheadswithchairs.Andsoitgoesonuntiloneofthemencrashes(撞擊)throughawindowandfallsthirtyfeettothegroundbelow.Heisdead！Ofcourseheisn'treallydead.Withanyluckheisn'tevenhurt.Why?Becausethemenwhofalloutofhighwindowsorjumpfromfastmovingtrains,whocrashcarsofevencatchfire,areprofessionals.Theydothisforaliving.Thesemenarecalledstuntmen.Thatistosay,theyperformtricks.Therearetwosidestotheirwork.Theyactuallydomostofthethingsyouseeonthescreen.Forexample,theyfallfromahighbuilding.However,theydonotfallontohardgroundbutontoemptycardboardboxescoveredwithamattress(床墊).Again,whentheyhitoneanotherwithchairs,thechairsaremadeofsoftwoodandwhentheycrashthroughwindows,theglassismadeofsugar!Butalthoughtheirworkdependsontrickofthissort,italsorequiresahighdegreeofskillandtraining.Oftenastuntman'ssuccessdependsoncarefultiming.Forexample,whenheis"blownup"inabattlescene,hehastojumpoutofthewayoftheexplosionjustattherightmoment.Naturallystuntmenarewellpaidfortheirwork,buttheyleaddangerouslives.Theyoftengetseriously