9.動詞課標要求課標要求掌握動詞的功能和意義動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。動詞具有人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。動詞分類：動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、聯(lián)系動詞和行為動詞(實義動詞)四類。一）助動詞助動詞沒有任何含義，不能單獨做謂語，只能和行為動詞一起構成謂語，幫助行為動詞組成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及疑問或否定形式。常見的助動詞有do,does,did,have,等。二）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞本身有一定含義，但不能單獨作謂語，要和行為動詞一起構成謂語。它們也能表明句子的否定、疑問或時態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can,may,must,need,should等。一．情態(tài)動詞的用法1.can用法1）表示能力，與beableto同義，但can只用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時，beableto可用于各種時態(tài)。2).表示允許、請求用could比can語氣更加委婉客氣，常用于couldI/you…..?句型中，若表示同意時，用can回答而不用could.3）。表示推測“可能”常用于否定句或疑問句中。（can’t表示一定不是）2.may用法1）表允許，請求=can表示許可或征求對方的許可，常于第一人稱連用。2）表推測，可能、也許。常用于肯定句中。3.must1）表示義務。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。22）mustn’t表禁止、不允許。3）表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。4.need的用法need既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要否定句或疑問句中。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。5.must與haveto1).一般情況下，兩者可互換。must=haveto2).must“必須，應該”表示說話人的主觀看法，即說話人認為必須干某事。（內(nèi)在原因）haveto“必須，不得不”強調(diào)客觀需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）三）系動詞連詞動詞的種類聯(lián)系動詞含有一定意義，它們要與其后做表語的形容詞、名詞或介詞（短語）一起構成合成謂語。系動詞按意義可分為三類，而且有自己的特定用法。★常見的連系動詞有:一“是”(be---is/am/are),一“感”(feel---felt),二“保持”(keep---kept,stay),四個“起來”(look,sound,smell---smelt,taste),“好像”(seem)一下“變”(get,turn,become)了三.四）行為動詞(實義動詞)行為動詞又稱實義動詞，它們都含有實在的意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨立作謂語。行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。１、及物動詞及物動詞后一定要跟賓語，意思才能完整。2、不及物動詞不及物動詞意義完整，不需帶賓語，但如果有些不及物動詞非要帶賓語時，必須先加介詞后加賓語。二、動詞的時態(tài)二、動詞的時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時主語+V/主語+Vs2.一般過去時主語+Ved3.一般將來時主語+will+V/主語+begoingto+V4.現(xiàn)在進行時主語+am/is/are+Ving5.過去進行時主語+was/were+Ving6.現(xiàn)在完成時主語+have/has+Ved①have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用.②have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。③have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlong等。④與時間段連用時，短暫性動詞應改為相應的延續(xù)性動詞。1)come/goto------beat/in2)leave----beawayfrom3)buy----have4)borrow/lend-----keep4)open---beopen5)close---beclosed6)die---bedead7)start/begin----beon8)join—--bein/beamemberof/beasoldier9)become–be10)fallasleep---beasleep11)catchacold–haveacold12)have/hasgoneto→havebeenin13)puton→wear 14)finish/end→beover15)marry→bemarried7.過去完成時主語+had+Ved一、單項選擇1.—Julie,howdoyoulikesadmovies?—Ican’tstandthem.Theyalwaysmakeme________. A.cry B.excite C.relax D.smile2.—ShallwegocampingonSaturdayorSunday?—________isOK.I’llbefreethisweekend. A.All B.Both C.Every D.Either3.—Dad,couldIhangoutwithmyfriendnow?—No,you________.Youhaven’tfinishyourhomeworkyet.A.couldn’t B.can’t C.

needn’t D.

maynot4.—Doyouoftenhelpwiththehousework?—Yes,Ialwayshelpto____________thedishesafterdinner.A.buy B.washC.find D.draw5.—WhattimedidyougettoBeijing?—I____________toBeijingat9:00intheevening. A.getB.getsC.got D.willget6.—Kate,yourdress_________nice.—Thankyou.Iboughtityesterday...A.sounds B.looks C.smells D.tastes7.—Whosebookisthis?—It_________beJack’s.Hisnameisonit...A.must B.might C.could D.can’t8.—Hi,Lucy.Wheredidyougolastnight?—Tina’shouse.I_________toherbirthdayparty.A.invite B.invited C.isinvited D.wasinvited9.Don’t________others’homework.Youshoulddoitbyyourself.A.copy B.offer C.cheat D.help10.—Icalledyoulastnight,butyoudidn’tanswer.—Oh,I________ashoweratthattime.A.took B.wastaking C.willtake D.amtaking11.—ThoseareSally'sparents.—Really?They________young.A．look B．tasteC．smellD．sound12.—Momiscomingback.Let’scleanthelivingroom.—OK.Shewillbeangryifshe_______thismess!A.sawB.seesC.willseeD.hasseen13.Weshouldmakinganoiseinthelibrary．A.avoid B.preferC.practiceD.enjoy14.—CanPeterplaygameswithus,Mrs.Hawking?—Waitaminute.He_________ashower.A.istakingB.takenC.tookD.wastaking15.—Whydoyoulikewatchingthenews?—BecauseI_________tofindoutwhat’sgoingonaroundtheworld.A.hope B.remember C.forget D.wonder16.—Thedishyoucooked_________sogood!Iwanttohavemore.—Gladtohearthat!I’llgetyousomemorerightnow.A.looks B.sounds C.sees D.tastes17.—Howlongdoesit_______youtogettoschool?—Abouttenminutes.pay B.take C.cost D.spend18.Carla’smotherisstrictwithher.Carla_______tostayouttoolateatnight.A.isn’tallowed B.isallowed C.allows D.doesn’tallow19.—HowlonghasTom_______?—SinceIsawhimlastyear.gotmarried B.cometoChinaC.lefthisschool D.workedhere20.—Nobody________togototheparkwithapetdog.—Iagree. allowsB.isallowed C.willallow D.wasallowed21.China’sthird-generationnucleartechnologyHualongOne(華龍一號)_________intouse,whichcouldallowChinatousemorecleanenergy.A.hasput B.willput C.isputting D.wasput22.—Boysandgirls,whocananswerthequestion? —I_________,MissBlack.It’seasy.A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t23.—Please_________yourroom,Rick.It’sinamess.—OK.Justaminute,mom. A.clean B.build C.take D.open24.—I’mafraidImightforgettobuythebreadafterwork.—Don’tworry.Iwill_______youthen.notice B.allowC.remind D.promise25.—Youlookupset.What’swrong?—Myparentsdon’tallowme_______outwithmyfriends.hangB.hangsC.hangedD.tohang26.—Whereareyougoingthismonth?—We_______gotoXiamen,butwe’renotsure.needn’t B.might C.must D.mustn’t27.—Jeff,howlonghaveyou_______?—Fortwoyears.Ihaveowneditsincemytwelfthbirthday.A.hadthewatchB.gotthering C.borrowedthebookD.boughtthebag28.—Bob,canyoutakethedogforawalk?

—Sorry,Dad.I

an

onlineclass.A.take

B.

took

C.

am

taking

D.

have

taken29.

—WillyougotoJason’sconcerttonight?

—Of

course.Ilovetohearhim

.

A.

sing

B.sings

C.sang

D.tosing30.Doctorstellusourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal．A.wash B.washed C.washing D.towash31.—Howlonghaveyou?—Forabouttwoyears.boughtthebike B.gottoChina C.livedhere D.borrowedthebook32.—What_______itbe?—It______beamailbox,foritismoving.It_______beacar.A.can;can’t;mustB.can;can;mustC.can;mustn’t;mustD.must;mustn’t;can33.—WhydidRuth’smother_______hergoingouttoplay?—Becauseshehasn’tfinishedherhomework.A.adviseB.

promise

C.

keep

D.

prevent34.—Thecoatlooksverynice.Whynotbuyone?—Itdoesn’t_______me.I’malittleblacksoIdon’twantawhiteone.A.suitB.giveC.coverD.fail35.—WhatflowersshouldIbuyto________mylove?—Howaboutrose?A.educate B.express C.receive D.circle二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空1．Ifeveryone________(follow)thetrafficrules,therewillbefeweraccidents.2．Francehasmanyfantasticsights(名勝),theEiffelTower________(include)．3．Sofar,Mom'sworkofarthas________(win)highpraisefromtheartcommunity.4．Whatyousaidinclass________(sound)veryreasonable.5．Mybrother________(promise)tobuymeanewbikeyesterday.6．It'sagoodchancetoimproveyourEnglish.You'dbetternot________(miss)it.7．ThereasonwhyIdidnot