.z.星海教育2016年暑假雙流校區(qū)目標總分值班名師培優(yōu)精講第1講【教學(xué)標題】英語句子成分【教學(xué)目標】讓學(xué)生完全掌握英語句子的成分問題，使學(xué)生能夠更好的理解句子構(gòu)造【教學(xué)重點】1.句子成分的劃分2.句子的主要成分3.句子的次要成分4.作各個成分相應(yīng)的詞性【教學(xué)難點】1.句子的主要成分2.狀語的識別3.定語的識別4.賓語補足語【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個局部叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。A.主語：主語是一個句子所表達的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe構(gòu)造、疑問句〔當主語不疑問詞時〕和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法:主語由名詞性的詞來充當.例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbeemoreandmorepopular.〔名詞〕WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.〔代詞〕Theygotoschoolbybus.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.〔數(shù)詞〕Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.〔不定式〕Toseeistobelieve.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.〔動名詞〕Therichshouldhelpthepoor.〔名詞化的形容詞〕WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.〔主語從句〕Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.〔it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式〕B.謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。注意動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞為非謂語，不能作謂語。一句話語法:謂語由動詞充當。有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時候容易犯的錯誤就是要么亂用be動詞,要么句子沒有謂語動詞.1、可作謂語的動詞一般為行為動詞(表動作)和連系動詞(表狀態(tài))，行為動詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語，又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞?！?〕、及物動詞作謂語Didyouseemanypeoplethere"〔2〕、不及物動詞作謂語You’redrivingtoofast.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.〔3〕連系動詞表狀態(tài)Hersonisafriendofours.Oursisagreatcountry.2、謂語的構(gòu)成如下：〔1〕、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.〔2〕、復(fù)合謂語：〔a〕由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動詞原形非常重要.如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.〔b〕由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.C.表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞〔如be,bee,get,look,grow,turn,seem等〕之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.〔名詞〕Isityours"〔代詞〕WhatIwanttosayisthis.Thepoorboywasmyself.Theweatherhasturnedcold.〔形容詞〕Thespeechise*citing.〔分詞〕Threetimessevenistwentyone"〔數(shù)詞〕Herfatherissi*ty-five.HisjobistoteachEnglish.〔不定式〕Allyouneeddoistotakeata*ifromtheairport.Hishobby〔愛好〕isplayingfootball.〔動名詞〕Myfavouritesportisswimming.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.〔介詞短語〕注意:副詞可以做表語的只有幾個,非常簡單,考試不考,所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語法直接針對高考,不是搞語法研究,這點請大家一定要記住。例如：Timeisup.Theclassisover.〔副詞〕Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.〔表語從句〕D.賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。充當賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或整個句子。一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動賓構(gòu)造和介詞構(gòu)造,這點非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如：Theywenttoseeane*hibition〔展覽〕yesterday.〔名詞〕Theheavyrainpreventedmeformingtoschoolontime.〔代詞〕Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave"Ihavefive.〔數(shù)詞〕Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.〔名詞化形容詞〕Hepretendednottoseeme.〔不定式短語〕Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.〔動名詞短語〕Ithink〔that〕heisfitforhisoffice.〔賓語從句〕賓語種類：〔1〕雙賓語〔間接賓語+直接賓語〕，例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子:givemeabook.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點,雙就是兩個的意思.復(fù)合賓語〔賓語+賓補〕，例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.E．賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整，賓語補足語與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：*些及物動詞〔如make等+賓語+賓補〕。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。一句話語法:賓語補足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.〔名詞〕Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.〔形容詞〕Youmustkeepitclean.Letthefreshairin.〔副詞〕Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.〔不定式短語〕HemademerepeatthestoryWesawherenteringtheroom.〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut"〔-ed分詞〕IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayWefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.〔介詞短語〕Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.〔從句〕〔注意：后跟名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有call,name,think,make,choose等；后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞有keep,find,get,think,make等;動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，當謂語動詞為感官動詞如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等，使役動詞如let,have,make等，動詞不定式不帶to?！矲.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語，是句子中的次要成分。可分為前置定語和后置定語。一般有形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞〔短語〕或句子充當。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞例如：Guilinisabeautifulcity.〔形容詞〕Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.〔分詞〕Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothemitteewasadopted.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.〔名詞〕Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.〔代詞〕Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.〔不定式短語〕Theteachingplanforne*ttermhasbeenworkedout.〔動名詞〕Abarkingdogseldombites.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.〔介詞短語〕ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.G.狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一句話語法:狀語用副詞,不用形容詞，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由副詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或狀語從句來充當。例如：Lighttravelsmostquickly.〔副詞及副詞性詞組〕Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.〔介詞短語〕Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentrancee*amination.〔不定式短語〕Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.〔分詞短語〕Waitaminute.〔名詞〕Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.〔狀語從句〕H.句子構(gòu)造(S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補足語)一．S十V主謂構(gòu)造|〔vi.〕Iswim.主謂Theylistenedcarefully．Myhomeworkhasfinished.二．S十V十O主謂賓構(gòu)造(vt.)Isawafilmyesterday.主謂賓Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily.Theyhavetakengoodcareofthechildren．三．S十V十F主系表構(gòu)造〔系動詞〕Be,系動詞____________________+形容詞Heisold.主系動表語Thestorysoundsinteresting.主系動詞表語ThedeskfeelshardHebeesateacher．Thetreesturnyellowintheautumn.四．S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓構(gòu)造give，ask__________________sbsthHegavemeabook.主謂賓1賓2Hebroughtmeapen.HeofferedmehisseatHegotmeachair五．S十V十O十C主謂賓補構(gòu)造Theymadethegirlangry.主謂賓賓補Theyfoundherhappythatday．Iheardtheglassbrokenjustnow.【過手練習(xí)】一、指出以下句子劃線局部是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobeeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay"15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress"17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.【拓展訓(xùn)練】1、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where2.閱讀理解：LittleTomdownthestreetcallsourdog"Thekeepdog".Zipisasheepdog.ButwhenTomtriestosay"Seep",itesout"keep".AndinawayTomisright.Zipisalwaysbringingthingshoemforustokeep!I'lltellyouaboutsomeofthem.Zip'sfirstpresentwasashoe.Itwasmadeofgreensilk.Wedidn'tknowhowZipfoundtheshoe.ButafteramomentMary,mybigsister,toldmetheshoehadastrangesmell.Inodded(點頭)andheldmynose."Whatdoyouthinkitis"""Itsmellslikesomethingforcleaning.Ithinksomeonetriedtocleanaspot(污點)offtheshoe.Thenheputitatthedoortodry.""AlongcameZip.Andgood-byeshoe!"Isaid."Weshouldtakeitback.""Wecan't".saidmysistter."MaybelittleTomisright,"Marysaid."MaybeZipisakeepdog!"1.ThewriterandMarydidn'tknow______.A.whatZip'sfirstpresentwasB.howZipcarrieditsfirstpresenthomeC.whoownedZip'sfirstpresentD.whatZip'sfirstpresentwasmadeof2.TomcallsZip"thekeepdog"because______.A.thedoglikeskeepingthingsB.thedoglikesplayingwithshoesC.hedoesn'tknowthedog'snameD.hecan'tpronouncetheword"sheep"well3.Whatmadetheshoestrangewas______.A.itscolour

B.itssmellC.itssize

D.thatitwasasilkone4.Theword"keep"inthelastsentencemeans"_____"A.keepingthingsforitselfB.bringingthingsforothertokeepC.notlettingitrunaboutD.takingcareofasmallchild5.Wecanknowfromthereadingthatthedog_____.A.likestogivepresentstopeopleB.hasbeenkeptinatthewriter'shomeC.hasbroughtsometroubleD.likestobecalled"thekeepdog"3.閱讀短文，根據(jù)首字母提示填空，每空一詞。

MostAmericanfamiliesaresmallerthanthefamiliesino

81

countries.MostAmericanfamiliese

82

haveoneortwochildren.C

83

intheUSwillleavetheirparents'homewhentheygrowup.Theyusuallylivefarf

84

theirparentsbecausetheywanttofindgoodjobs.Theyoftenw

85

totheirparentsortelephonethem.Andtheyoftengotovisittheirparentsonh

86

.

Parentsusuallylettheirchildrenchoosetheiro

87

jobs.Americansthinkitimportantforyoungpeopletodecideontheirlivesbythemselves.

Childrenareaskedtodosomeworkaroundtheirhouse.Andinmanyfamilies,childrenarepaid(付錢)ford

88

somehouseworksothattheylearnhowtomakemoneyfortheirownuse.

Doyouoftenhelpy

89

parentsdohousework"Doyouwanttolivewithyourparentsw

90

yougrowup"【課后作業(yè)】一、選擇填空根底題組訓(xùn)練〔五題〕1、Theoldmanfeedsfour___.A.piggsB.pigesC.pigsD.pig2、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A．leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave3、Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink,___orcoffee"A．teaB.fruitC.breadD.meat4、Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany___init.A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.water5、Thereareseven___inaweek.A.dayesB.daysC.dayiesD.day拔高題組訓(xùn)練〔十題〕1、—Mom,couldyoupassmesome___"It’sdelicious.—OK,butonlyalittle.A．butterB.applesC.tomatoesD.sandwiches2、—What’sinthecupboard"—Afew___,butlittle___.A.apples;coffeeB.coffee;applesC.apple;coffeesD.coffees;apples、3、Hegaveus___onhowtoprotecteyes.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice4、Thereare___onmydesk.A.threepaperB.threepiecesofpapersC.threepiecesofpaperD.threepapers5、Agroupof___willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.EnglishmanB.AmericanC.AustralianD.Chinese6、Thefarmerraisedten___.A.sheepsB.deersC.horseD.cows7、WhynotgiveLindasome___"ShehasfailedinChineseseveraltimes.A.noticeB.suggestionC.adviceD.warning8、WhenwesawLiu*iang’sface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news9、Iwonderwhy___areinterestedinactionfilms.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples10、Thereisgood___foryou.I’vefoundthewatch.A.newsB.ideasC.messagesD.thoughts疑難題組訓(xùn)練〔五題〕1、Ithinktheteenagersshouldtrytoimprovetheirliving___.A.activitiesB.skillsC.memoryD.success2、—Mum,somethingiswrongwithmyteeth.Ican’teatanything.—Whataboutseeinga___atonce"A.designerB.dentistC.directorD.detective3、Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe___toseethenewactionmovietonight.A.bookshopB.restaurantC.concertD.cinema4、Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories5、Weoftenusethemobilephonetosendte*t___toourfriends.A.menusB.messagesC.adviceD.warning2.閱讀理解Anoldladyinaplanehadablanket〔毯子〕overherheadandshedidnotwanttotakeitoff.Theairhostessspoketoher,buttheoldladysaid,"Ihaveneverbeeninaplanebefore,andIamfrightened.Iamgoingtokeepthisblanketovermyheaduntilwearebackonthegroundagain!〞Thenthecaptaincame.Hesaid,"Madam,Iamthecaptainofthisplane.Theweatheri