《高級英語閱讀（一）》期末考試A卷姓名：專業(yè)：學號：學習中心：答案務(wù)必寫在最后一頁答案卷上，否則不得分！需答案1785349572一、客觀題（每題3分）I判斷對錯題（對的寫"T"，錯的寫"F”ReadLesson6TextB"UnwillingtoSchool"Judgewhetherthefllowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.：（閱讀教材第6課課文B，判斷對錯）UnwillinglytoSchoolByKatrinFitzHerbert需答案1785349572Everychildwithapoorschoolattendancerecordisachildindanger.Atbest,heisindangerofnotfulfillinghiseducationalpotential;atworst,heisindangerofcrueltyorneglect.Enforcedschoolabsenceinchildhoodissometimesusedbyadultstojustifytheirowncareerfailure.Itisdifficultforachildtoplaytruantregularlyifhisparentsarekeenforhimtoattendschool.Muchtruancyisopenlycondoned;asfortherest,notknowingthatyourchildrenplaytruantisequivalenttonotensuringthattheyareatschool.Itshowslackofinterestintheirwhereabouts,apathyabouttheireducation,orinabilitytocontrolthem-i.e.,ineffectiveparents..…Thecharacteristicswhichleadfamiliestorejectregularschoolingarelikelytohaveotherdetrimentaleffectsonthechildrenbesideseducationalfailure.Forwhatcouldmakeparentsdecidethatthemostwidelyagreedroutetosecureemployment,socialacceptanceandpersonalsatisfactionisnotforthem?Thefirstreasonisageneraldifficultyindealingwithfamilyresponsibilities,particularlyinthestressfulenvironmentofmoderncities.Gettingthechildtoschoolontimeistoomuchtocopewith(alarmclock,breakfast,clothes,shoes,gymcdothes,lunchmoney).Secondly,thechild'scompanymaycomfortadepressed,isolatedmotheTheschool'sinsistenceonuniformsorotherobligationsand,possibly,itsundisguiseddisapprovalofan"inadequatel"family,maybethelaststraw.Childrenwhogrowupinsuchfamiliesarelikelytobedeprivedinmanywaysbesideseducation.Inthesefamilies,educationiswrittenoffasawasteoftime.Forachildgrowingup,thisispossiblymoreseriousthanthelossofeducation.Habitualnon-attendancecanaccustomchildrenveryearlyintheirlivestorejectingthevaluesandlegalrequirementsofsociety.Itisatrainingindevianceandanti-socialbehaviourwhichcanlaythefoundationforagenerallydeviantcareer.Thecommonprogressionfromtruancyorparentally-condonedabsencetojuvenilecrimehasbeenreliablyestablished.Ingreatestdangerofallisthechildwhosuccessfullyplaystruantforlongperiodswithouthisparents'knowledge.Hispersonalisolationandalienation,notjustfromconventionalbehaviourbutfromhisownfamily,putshimindangerofdelinquency,drugsormentalillnessinlaterlife.Truancyhasbeencalledthe"kindergartenofcrime",andbadschoolattendancespellsfailureandpossibleunemploymentinlaterlife.Itwassoonrealizedthatnon-attendancewastoocomplexandseriousaproblemtobedealtwithbyeducationdepartmentsalone.Muchresponsibilityforschoolattendancewas,therefore,transferredtosocialworkers.Thismovehas,onitsown,however,possiblycreatedasmanyproblemsasithassolved.Thisisbecausetheseriousnesswithwhichtheyregardnon-attendanceisanissueonwhichsocialworkersandworkersineducationdiffer.Socialworkerstendtoregarditasmerelyonesymptomofsocialfailurewhich,particularlyifhomelessness,physicalneglect,maritalproblemsandillnessarepresent,doesnotjustifymoreattentionthantherest.Workersineducationconsidertheotherproblemsasallthemorereasonwhythechildrenconcernedshouldhavetheadvantageofregularschooling.Thelongertheystaytruant,thegreateraretheirchancesofgetingintofurthertrouble.Onechiefeducationwelfareofficertoldme:"Thebestformofsocialserviceyoucandofordeprivedchildrenistoseethattheyreceiveeducationinthenormalschoolsetting."Iwasgivenaccesstoafewcasesofnine-year-oldchildrenselectedbytheirheadteacherforcausingconcernduetoproblemsarisingoutsideschool.Ireadtheirfilesandtalkedtotheworkersinvolvedabouthoweach,fromhisprofessionalpointofview,sawthechainofeventssincetheinitialreferral.Incasesconcernedwithschoolabsence,thismethodproducedacommentaryoftheslowprogressiontowardsstalematewhichcanoccurwhentwodepartmentswithdifferentprioritiesarejointlyresponsibleforsolvingthesameproblem.Forhowcanadecisiveplanforactioneverbeformedifitdependsonthecooperationoftwopeoplewhobasicallydisagree?Non-attendancecansoinjureachild'slifechancesthatitdeservestobetackledbyamoresingle-mindedattackthanthis.Aconcertedpolicyshouldfocusonthefollowingareas:first,theschool'sowncapacityforholdingtheinterestofpupils;second,itsefficiencyinregisteringunexplainedabsences;third,school-orientedsocialwork;fourth,boardingschools;andfifth,publicattitude.Thegeneralclimateofaschoolisobviouslyapowerfulfactorinachild'sdecisiontoplaytruant,socreatinganacceptableschoolatmosphereisoneofthemostchallengingassignmentsteachersface.Itmust,however,bedistinguishedfromtheseparatetaskofsettingupefficientmachineryforfollowingupsuspectedtruants.Thisconsistsoftreatinganyunexplainedabsence-evenlateness,whichisoftenanindicationofabsencetocomeasserious.Iftheschoolimmediatelyqueriesthefirstandsubsequentunexplainedabsence,itwillbemuchmoredifficultforthechildtobecomeahabitualabsentee.Theschool'ssuccessinkeepingnon-attendancetoaminimumalsodependsontheeffectivenessofitseducationwelfareofficer,theofficiallinkbetweenschoolandhome.Ideally,whenalertedaboutasuspectedabsence,hemakesanimmediatehomevisittoseewhathasgonewrong.Inthefirstinstancehemaysimplygoto"collectexcuses",graduallyforminghisownideaoftherealreasonforthechild'sabsencethechildisbulliedatschool,themotherisunhappywhenthechildisatschool,thefamilydoesnotgetupintime,theparentsdon'tknowaboutthetruancy,thechildhasnotgotauniform,andsoon.Thoughtheofficerwilldowhathecantoalleviateanyproblemhestumbleson,hismaininterestistogetthechildbacktoschool.Anotheringredientofageneralattackonchronicnon-attendanceshouldbeboardingeducation.EveryEducationWelfareOfficerhashiscoreofcasesofchildrenwhoseparentsdonotbelieveineducation;whohavesuchpsychologicalproblemsoftheirownthattheyneedtheirchildrenforcompanyorwhoaresoanti-authoritythattheywillnothandtheirchildrenovertoanyrepresentativesofthe"establishment"theydetest.Thesearetheparentswithwhomtheofficer,andtheschoolorsocialworkersgetnowhereandwhosechildrengetnoeducationtospeakof,ifleftintheirhomeenvironment.Teachers,educationwelfareofficersandsocialworkersaresometimesexcessivelyreluctanttoconsiderboardingschool.Theyregarditasapunitiveactionwithacertainfinalityforthechild.Manyreferralsare,therefore,madetoolatetobereallyuseful.Sendingachildtoaboardingschoolshouldbetoimproveasituationwhichisnotgoingwell.However,everybodyissowaryofit,thatwetendtouseitwhenitisreallytoolate;whenparentsarereadytoberelievedofachildwhoisaproblem-thusgivingthechildgoodreasontofeelrejected.Whenthechildisstillwanted,andsenttoboardingschoolagainsthisparents'will,thenitcanreallysolvetheproblembyansweringthechild'seducationalneeds,withoutdestroyingfamilybonds.Finally,thepublicapathytowardstruancyisapositiveincentivetochildrenwhohavedifficultiesatschool.Themaninthestreet,evenwhenknockedsidewaysbyadiminutivefootballerduringschoolhours,merelycursesandwalkson.Wouldabsenceratesbeanydifferentifthepublicoccasionaly"hadago"atobviousnon-attendersandencouragedthemtogivetheirteachersanotherchancetomakeschoolworthwhileforthem?1.Everychildwithpoorschoolattendancerecordisunabletofulfillhiseducationalpotentialandisgoingtosuffercrueltyorneglect.2.Manyparentsdonotknowthattheirchildrenplaytruantregularly,whichshowstheirlackofinterestintheirchildren'seducationorinabilitytocontrolthem.3.Parent'sdifficultyindealingwithfamilyresponsibilityisnotareasonwhichleadsfamiliestorejectregularschooling.4.Habitualnon-attendancecancausechildrenrejectthevaluesandlegalrequirementsofsocietyveryearlyintheirlives.5.Truancyorparentally-condonedabsencemayormaynotleadtojuvenilecrime.6.Mentalillnessinlaterlifeisanotherbadeffectoftruancy.7.Non-attendanceissuchacomplexandseriousproblemthatitcan'tbedealtwithbyeducationdepartmentalone.8.Accordingtothispassage,thesocialworkersandeducationaldepartmentdidn'tcooperateverywellbecausetheydisagreebasically.9.Accordingtothewriter,registeringunexplainedabsenceisnotveryeffectivetoresolveregularnon-attendance.10.Unliketheparents,theteachers,socialworkersandeducationwelfareofficersareunwillingtosendtruantstoboardingschoolintheearlystage.IIDiretions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfllowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationiscalled"rem".Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydificulttobesureaboutradiationdamage--apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformedchildrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtoCrossbeltsofhighradiationand,duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApolloCrewaccumulatedalargeamountsofrems.Sofar,nodangerousamountofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.11Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theatmosphereisessentialtomaninthata.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspaceb.itprovidessufcientlightforplantgrowthc.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvivald.itscreensofftheallingmeteors12Weknowfromthepassagethat.a.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatalb.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincomingc.radiationisavoidableinspaceexplorationd.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn'tworryaboutradiationdamage13TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmember.a.isinsignificantb.seemsoverestimatedc.isenormousd.remainsunknown14Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethata.theAtectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjobc.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildrend.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers15Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.a.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironmentb.ResearchonRadiationc.EffectsofSpaceRadiationd.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiationPassage2.Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon'tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Themostyoucansayaboutanyone'spreference,isthatit'soneperson'sopinion.ButbecausethetwobigcolacompaniesCoca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we'vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatcallengedpeoplewhoidentfiedthemselvesaseitherCoca-ColaorPepsifans:Findyourbrandinablindtasting.WeinvitedstaffvolunteerswhohadastronglikingforeitherCoca-ColadlassicorPepsi,DietCoke,orDietPepsi.Thesewerepeoplewhothoughtthey'dhavenotroubletlligtheirbrandfromtheotherbrand.Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietColadrinkers.Thenwefedthemfourunidentifedsamplesofcolaoneatatime,regularcolasfortheonegroup,dietversionsfortheother.WeaskedthemtotelluswhethereachsamplewasCokeorPepsi;thenweanalyzedtherecordsstatisticallytocomparetheparticipants'choiceswithwhatmereguess-workcouldhaveaccomplished.Gettingallfoursamplesrightwasatoughtest,butnottootough,wethought,forpeoplewhobelievedtheycouldrecognizetheirbrand.Intheend,only7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thediet-coladrinkersdidalttleworse-only7of27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.Whilebothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredict,nearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twapeoplegotallfoursampleswrong.Overall,halftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirst,sofatigue,ortasteburnout,wasnotafactor.OurpreferencetestresultssuggestthatonlyafewPepsiparticipantsandCokefansmayreallybeabletotelltheirfavoritebrandbytasteandprice.16Accordingtothepassagethepreferencetestwasconductedinordertoa.findouttheroletastepreferenceplaysinaperson'sdrinkingb.revealwhichcolaismoretothelikingofthedrinkersC.showthataperson'paretheabilityofthepaticipantsinchoosingtheirdrinks17Thestatisticsrecordedinthepreferencetestsshowa.C