程應(yīng)語課輔材配套教：《英語主

：李

出人民版

：2012適應(yīng)層：本科內(nèi)部學(xué)使用目

錄第一分自學(xué)導(dǎo)第1章土木的基識??????????????????????第2章公路通工????????????????????????第二分復(fù)習(xí)考題．單????????????????????????????．填??????????????????????????．閱解??????????????????????????．英???????????????????????????．漢???????????????????????????

第三分參考案．單??????????????????????????．填??????????????????????????．閱解題???????????????????????????．英???????????????????????????．漢題???????????????????????????

第一分自學(xué)指第1章土木的基識一．要內(nèi)容1土木工中的2現(xiàn)代建和結(jié)料3公路測4預(yù)應(yīng)力凝土5.設(shè)計理6.工程同二．點1土木工中的（CareersinCivilEngineering2現(xiàn)代建和結(jié)料(ModernBuildingsandStructuralMaterials)3公路測(HighwaySurvey)4預(yù)應(yīng)力凝土(PrestressedConcrete)5.設(shè)計理（ofStructuralDesign6.工程同EngineeringContracts)三．點1課文翻。2單詞記。第2章公路通工一．要內(nèi)容1

1交通運系統(tǒng)2公路定3線形設(shè)4立交與通式5.6.面層7.排水8.公路9.施工二．點1交通運系統(tǒng)(TransportationSystem)2公路定(HighwayLocation)3線形設(shè)(DesignoftheAlignment)4立交與通式(GradeseparationsandInterchanges)5.(Pavement)6.面層(BituminousSurfaceCourses)7.排水(HighwayDrainage)8.公路Freeways）9.施工(HighwayConstruction)三．點1課文翻。2單詞記。第二分復(fù)習(xí)思題2

．單：1.Computersare____B____unlesstheyaregivenclearandaccurateinstructionsandinformation.A.usedB.uselessC.usefulD.uselessly2.Active___B___forengineersoftenbeginsbeforethestudentslastyearintheuniversity.A.employB.recruitingC.hireD.firing3.thestudentisa_____C___engineer,specializedmaywithsubjectsasgeodeticsurveying,soilmechanics.A.computerB.socialC.civilD.chemical4.Thecivilengineermayworkinresearch,design,construction,____B____,maintenance,oreveninsales.A.analysisB.supervisionC.planD.fee5.CivilengineersworkonmanydifferentkindsofA.buildingsB.projectsC.structuresD.roads6.Indesigningbuildings,civilengineersoftenworkas____B____toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.A.workersB.consultantsC.employeesD.students7.Dams,bridgesandotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerswhoseworkiscoordinatedby_____D___engineerwhoisinchargeoftheentireproject.A.mainB.chiefC.masterD.systems8.Constructionis____B____processonalmostallengineeringprojects.A.simpleB.complicatedC.easyD.likely9.Incompression,thematerialis___C_____together.A.stretchedB.apartC.pushedD.tense10.Whensawcutseasilythroughpieceofwood,thewoodisA.A.intensionB.incompressionC.inpressD.inpush11.Wedefined___D_____asthetendencyofmaterialtofracturealongthelinesofstress.A.tensionB.compressionC.pushD.shear12.Theprincipalconstructionmaterialsofearliertimeswerewoodand____C____,3

stone,ortile,andsimilarmaterials.A.steelB.aluminumC.masonrybrickD.plastic13.ModerncementisamixtureofA.bricksB.limestoneandclayC.woodandashD.plastic14.ConcreteisveryA.constantB.thesameC.definiteD.versatile15.Steelhasgreattensilestrengthwhileconcretehasgreatcompressivestrength,thus,thetwosubstances_____C___eachother.A.counteractB.offsetC.complementD.nullify16.Onesystemthathelps____A____concreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers.A.cutB.accelerateC.addD.keep17.Theretentionmoneyservestoinsure_____D___againstanydefectsthatmayariseinthework.A.themanagerB.thecontractorC.thecarrierD.theemployer18.Thecivilengineeringworkmustbecompletedtothesatisfactionoftheemployer,orhisA.wifeB.friendC.lawyerD.representative19.Formoderateandlongerhauls,self-loadingscraperspulledbyrubber-tiredhaulingunitsandpush-loadedbytractorsoffer_____B___cost.A.higherB.lowerC.thesameD.different20.Highwaymaintenanceactivitiescanbegroupedandclassifiedaccording__D______thepurposeofthetreatment.A.withB.forC.forwardD.to21.Engineeringisprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthavespecialized_____D_education.A.elementaryschoolB．schoolC．middleschool．22.Inmostcases,thetendermaybe___B___atanytimeuntilithasbeenaccepted.A．B．withdrawn．a(chǎn)dmittedD.continued23.Currenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthe__C____scienceandthelanguagearts.A．B．C．social．24.Thelawrelatingtocontractsimposesoneachpartytocontract__D____toperform.A.anirksometaskB.aneasyexperiment4

C.goodplanD.alegalobligation25.Indeed,thecivilengineer’schoiceis__C___andvaried.A.smallB.fineC.largeD.tiny26.Roadbeds____B__highwaypavementstructuresandtheballastandtrackonwhichtrainsmove.A.lieaboveB.underlieC.lieleftD.lieright27.ConstructioncanbeveryA.dangerousB.safeC.easyD.secure28.Wherematerialismovedlessthanabout60morsteeplydownhill,driftingwithatrackorwheeltypebulldozeris.A.cheapestB.expensiveC.unknownD.thesame29.ThrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartofstructureonA.A.itsotherpartB.itselfC.thewallD.theground30.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,furniture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseisBA.deadloadB.liveloadC.impactD.safetyfactor31.Intension,thematerialisBA.pressedB.pulledapartC.pushedD.compressed32.fillsconstructedbydumpingorbyplacingthicklayers,material,density,andcontent____C__fromonespottoanother.A.bethesameB.bealikeC.varyD.beequal33.Both____A__,thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmoderntimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.A.steelandcementB.woodandbrickC.stoneandtileD.ashandplastic34.Thetotalstationisusedtomeasureanglesinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtheleveltomeasureCA.distancesB.centralanglesC.elevationdifferenceD.length35.The___B___vehicleisacreatorofaccidents.A.advantageB.defectiveC.meritD.failure36.Prestressedconcreteisan___B___formofreinforcement.5

A.originalB.improvedC.sameD.low37.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintoby.A.engineersB.onepartyC.companyD.twoormoreparties38.___B___changewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.A.WeightB.VolumeC.AreaD.No39.Therearetwobasicproceduresforcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:‘mannerandmethodand‘A.A.resultB.combinationC.layerthicknessD.moisturecontrol40.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemof___C___drivingisthemostseriousofall.A.drinkB.drinkingC.drunkenD.drank41.Computerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineering__B____.A.coursesB.curriculaC.lessonsD.areas42.Therelationshipbetweenengineeringandsocietyisgetting___C_____.A.higherB.fartherC.closerD.lower43.Typesofcontractsarevirtuallyclassifiedbytheir____D__system:(1)price-basedand(2)cost-based.A.constructionB.designC.tenderD.payment44.Computerscan’tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunlesstheyaregiven___D___.A.goodair-conditionB.ayoungcivilengineerC.goodcomputerengineerD.agoodprogram45.Inrecentyears,rippershavebeenusedsuccessfullyto__C____looseorfracturedrock.A.breakdownB.breakevenC.breakupD.breakaway46.Civilengineeringprojectsarealmostalways__A____.A.distinctiveB.thesimilarC.alikeD.thesame47.Usuallythereare___C___easyanswersonequipmentselection.A.someB.manyC.noD.much48.___A___forceactsupanddown.A.VerticalB.HorizontalC.RotatingmotionD.Turningmotion6

49.Layeredconstructionalsoproducedgreateruniformityinthematerial___D___andinitsdensityandmoisturecontent.A.himselfB.myselfC.themselvesD.itself50.Theactualcostofanysinglehighwaytrafficaccidentisextremely__C____todetermine.A.easyB.liableC.difficultD.apt51.Basically,causesofautomobileaccidentscanbecategorized___D___fourmajorgroups.A.inB.toC.onD.into52.Electronicdistancemeasuring(EDM)notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetermineAA.thedirectionB.thesizeC.thefrequencyD.thewidth53.__A____therecentimprovementinvisibilityarewraparoundwindshieldsandnarrowedroofsupportpillars.A.TwoofB.OftwoC.TwoD.Two,of54.Thereisagreatdealthattheactualhighwaydesignercan__C____preventaccident.A.doB.todoC.dotoD.to55.Toavoidthedrivingafterdrinking,oneofthemethodsisA.lawstudyB.breathtestC.takeaBnexamD.drivingstudy56.ItissuitableforremotesensingtechniquetobeusedforhighwaylocationinA.tropicalrainforestB.areasbetweentallbuildingsC.mountainouscountrywithoutforestD.plainswithuniformshade57.TheinformationontheaerialphotographscanbeconvertedintomapswiththehelpofstereoscopeswhichisabletoseeobjectsinCA.onedimensionB.twodimensionsC.threedimensionsD.alldirections58.Thenormalsteeldoesnotexertanyforceofitsownonthemember,___B___totheactionofprestressingsteel.A.similarB.contraryC.comparableD.likely59.Theextensiveuseofprestressedstructureshasbeenduein__A____smallmeasurestotheadvancesinthetechnology.A.noB.soC.suchD.some60.TheemployerselectsthecontractorfortheprojectbyA.tenderB.advertisementC.governmentD.bidding7

61.Manydifferentandgovernmentagencieshavecompetedfortheservicesofengineersinrecentyears.A.corporationsB.institutesC.unitsD.offices62.Civilengineersmayprefertoworkwithoneofthegovernmentagenciesthatwithwaterresources.A.doesB.dealsC.livesD.argues63.ItisnormalpracticeforBengineertospecializeinjustonekind.A.oneB.C.anD.the64.ConstructioninvolvestheworkandutilizingtheequipmentandthematerialssothatcostsarekeptasCaspossible.A.highB.preciousC.lowD.expensive65.Forexample,areoftenbuiltinwildrivervalleysorgorges.A.buildingsB.damsC.bridgesD.tunnels66.ElectricalandmechanicalengineersworkontheBofthepowerhouseanditsequipment.A.designB.buildingC.structureD.power67.InRome,mostofthepeoplelivedin,greattenementblocksthatwereoftentenstorieshigh.A.outdoorB.insulseC.theseaD.theground68.TheprospectivecivilengineershouldbeawareofthephysicalBthatwillbemadeonhimorher.A.conditionsB.testC.courseD.demands69.MuchoftheworkofcivilengineeringiscarriedonA.indoorsB.intheskyC.outdoorsD.underground70.Inaddition,thebuildingofskyscrapers,bridgesandtunnelsmustalsoprogressunderallkindsofconditions.A.designB.economicC.weatherD.water71.TheRomansalsousednaturalcementcalledpozzolana,madefrom,thatbecameashardasstoneunderwater.A.steelB.volcanicashC.aluminumD.plastic72.Differentproportionsoftheingredientsproduceconcretewithstrengthandweight.A.differentB.thesameC.similarD.unknown73.concretehasmadeitpossibletodevelopbuildingswithunusualshapes.A.PrestressedB.ReinforcementC.MixtureD.Steel74.ThemodernengineermustalsounderstandtheCstressestowhichthematerialsinstructurearesubject.8

A.alikeB.similarC.differentD.thesame75.Today,scientificdatapermittheengineertomakecarefulcalculationsA.inaccuratelyB.innotrendC.lateD.inadvance76.TheforcewhichtheliveloadwillbeexertedonthestructureisA.deadloadB.liveloadC.impactD.safetyfactor77.Whensawbeginstobind,thewoodisbecausethefibersinitarebeingpushedtogether.A.incompressionB.intensionC.inpullapartD.instretching78.Drodsarebentintotheshapestogivethemthenecessarydegreeoftensilestrength.A.ConcreteB.BrickC.PlasticD.Steel79.ManygreatbuildingsbuiltinearlieragesaremassivestructureswithBA.aluminumwallsB.thickstonewallsC.steelwallsD.plasticwalls80.Weallenterintocontractsalmosteverydayforthesupplygoods,Betc.A.educationBtransportationC.friendshipD.wedding81.SomecontractsmustbemadeinaparticularDtobeenforceable.A.fileB.shapeC.patternD.form82.Oncepersonhassigneddocumentheisassumedtohaveitscontents.A.likedB.approvedC.opposedD.hated83.BysettingdownthetermsofacontractinwritingonesecuresavoidingAA.disputesB.troublesC.scufflesD.sufferings84.Inanentirecontract,whereBagreestopaycertainsuminreturnforcivilengineeringwork..A.themanagerB.thecontractorC.thecarrierD.theemployer85.Disnotentitledtoanypaymentifheabandonstheworkpriortocompletion.A.ThemanagerB.ThecontractorC.ThecarrierD.Theemployer86.Thecontractorisnotentitledtoreceivepaymentinuntiltheworkissatisfactorilycompleted.A.fullB.partC.1\3D.1\487.tenderisnormallyrequiredtobeadefiniteA.9

A.orderB.billC.offerD.license88.Generally,civilengineeringcontractsprovidefortheissueofCatvariousstagesoftheworks.A.progresschartB.interimcertificatesC.progressreportD.interimreport89.Itdoesnotgivetheemployertherighttodemandanhighstandardofqualitythroughouttheworks.A.unusuallyB.usuallyC.ordinarilyD.unchangeable90.Theemployerdoesnotusuallybindhimselftoacceptthelowestorindeedanytenderandthisisoftenstatedinthe.A.bookB.referenceC.advertisementD.novel91.contracthasbeendefinedasanagreementwhichdirectlycreatesandcontemplatesCA.demandB.agameC.anobligationD.anengagement92.Whenweenterintocontractswearewillingtofortheservicewereceive.A.enjoyB.haveC.payD.appreciate93.IfthereisnowrittenagreementandCarisesinrespectofthecontract.A.amendmentB.anappointmentC.adisputeD.aquarrel94.Therubber-tiredtractorunitshavedifficultyinoperatingonDslipperyroadbeds.A.looseB.dryC.driedD.wet95.ThereareAvariablesinearthmoving.A.manyB.lessC,differentD.no96.ThetermBdescribesthefilladdedabovethelowpointsalongtheroadwaytoraisetheleveltothebottomofthepavementstructure.A.siteclearingB.excavationC.earthmovingD.embankment97.Materialforcommonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignatedborrowareas.A.excavationB.embankmentC.earthmovingD.siteclearing98.Bcontrolislargelymatterofconductingthespecifiedprocedure.A.TechniquesB.DevicesC.FieldD.Moisture99.ModernpracticerequiresthatembankmentconstructionbeAexecutedandcontrolled.A.carefullyB.urgentlyC.easilyD.hardly100.Constructionofpavementoverhighfillsoftenwasforyearormoreaftercompletionofthefilltoallowthesettlement10

tooccur.AaheadB.deferredC.advancedD.thesametime101.NearlyCvegetablemattershouldberemovedfromtheoriginalgroundandfillmaterial.A.noB.allC.notallD.some102.trackorwheeltypebulldozerisAtoearthmovingofconsiderablylonghauls.A.usedB.suitableC.adaptedD.notsuitable103.Looserockishandledbyunitsasisdonewithcommonexcavation.A.tractor-scraperB.push-loadedscraperC.powershovelD.roller104.ThehighwaycanrequirementalandBresponse.A.physicalB.chemicalC.socialD.phonological105.TheneedsgeneratedbythegreatincreaseDvehiclenumbersandkilometersofroadhavegivenrisetomajorresearchprogramsintrafficplanning.A.onB.atC.underD.in106.TerminologyconcernedBhighwaypreservationvariesconsiderablyfromcountrytocountry.A.inB.withC.withoutD.through107.HighwayimprovementisalsoakeyfactorBpreventingaccidents.A.offB.inC.onD.at108.Theactualdegreeofsafetyoneexperiencesongivenhighwayisdeterminedbydecisionsmadeonlevels.A.sameB.differentC.distinguishedD.undistinguished109.Publicagenciestypicallydictatethemajorconstraintswithinwhichthesedesigndecisionsaremade.AA.tobeB.beenC.betoD.being110.Finally,individualmotoristsmakedecisionsregardingtheirownsafetyCtheyselectspeed,routefortheircars.A.atB.toC.asD.in111.Safehighwaysareanditappearsthatthedrivingpublicdoesnotwantsafehighways.A.inexpensiveB.cheapC.expensiveD.cost112.PeopledonotwanttopaythecostsandsuffertherestrictionsnecessarytoproduceAintraffic.A.safetyB.dangerousC.urgentD.safe11

113.Itisoftentodeterminethetrueconditionofvehicleafteracrash.A.impossibleB.easyC.possibleD.apt114.Nofiguresavailabletojustifyit.A.isB.areC.amD.was115.Forthedriversvision,inthebodyoftheautomobile,bothsideandrearwindowshavebeengreatlyinarea.A.shortenedB.lackedC.smallD.enlarged116.Anotherimprovementindrivervisibilityistheintroductionoftheremote-controlledrearviewmirror.BA.insideB.outsideC.undergroundD.top117.Thesafeperformanceofthebrakesystemhightemperatureshasbeenensured.A.inB.atC.underD.on118.RelocationandreductionintheheightofthebrakepedalhasmeantthatthebrakecanbeappliedArapidly.A.muchB.moreC.lotD.rather119.Theuseofuniformtrafficcontroldeviceswillreducedriverreactiontimeconfusion.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.asmuchasD.aslongas120.Removal,relocationandredesignoffixedobstructions,canprovideclearCareaforvehiclesoutofcontrol.A.safeB.hazardousC.recoveryD.dangerous121.Vehicularsafetydesignusuallycentersprotectingthedriverandhispassengers.A.inB.uponC.underD.up122.Thehighwayconstructionmayalsocauseimpactsonthesurroundings.A.helpfulB.favorableC.profitableD.adverse123.ThedesignedhighwayalignmentmustmeetthetechnicalBofthehighwayengineering.A.strategyB.standardC.philosophyD.policy124.Aisagapgradedmaterialwithlesscoarseaggregate.A.HotrolledasphaltB.PorousasphaltC.AsphalticconcreteD.Densebitumenmacadam125.Inthiscase,layerthickness,moisturecontrol,andthenumberofpassesbyrollerofspecifiedtypeandweightareAA.predeterminedB.notdeterminedC.unknownD.postdetermined126.Bistheconventionallocationtechniqueforhighway.12

A.RemotesensingB.GroundsurveyC.TotalstationD.Photogrammetry127.isonlyusedformeasuringtheverticalheightsofobjects.A.levelB.totalstationC.transitD.tape128.IfPartyAcommissionsPartyBtoexecutetheconstructionwork,thenPartyisreferredtoasBA.theemployerB.thecontractorC.thetendererD.thecarrier129.Theforce-accountworkshouldbecheckedandapproveddailybyDA.theemployerB.thecontractorC.thecarrierD.bothAand130.Aisnotadvantageofhighwaytransportation.A.FastspeedB.FlexibilityC.Providingdoor-to-doorserviceD.Carryingavarietyofparcelsizes．填：131.Engineersoftenworkasconsultantstoarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.132.Youngengineersmaychoosetogointoenvironmentalorsanitaryengineering.133.Itissufficientinordertocreatealegallybinding,ifthepartiesexpresstheiragreementandintentiontoenterintosuchcontract.134.Onepartytothecontractisliableforbreachofcontractifhefailstoperformhispartoftheagreement.135.Clearingthesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.136.Looserockincludesmaterialssuchasrottenorweatheredrock,orearthmixedwithboulders.137.Noattemptwasmadetocontrolmoisturecontentortosecurecompaction.138.Theredesignofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.139.Thesafeperformanceofthebrakesystemhasbeenensuredbytheuseofheavy-dutybrakefluid.140.Relocationandreductioninheightofthebrakepedalhasmeantthatthe’stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.141.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsand__soilstabilization____techniques.142.Moderncement,called___Portlandcement___,wasinventedin1824.143.Materialforembankmentcommonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignated___borrowareas___.144.Causesofautomobileaccidentscategorizedgroups:thevehicles,thethe____pedestrain13

__145.Anotherimprovementindrivervisibilityistheintroductionoftheremote-controlledoutside___rearview___mirror.146.Rocknearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted,thenloadedwithafront-endloaderor__powershovel____intotrucksorotherhaulingunits.147.canonastructurevertical,horizontalarotatingorturningmotion.148.Highwaypavementsaredividedintotwomaincategories:___rigid___andflexible.149.Flexiblepavementsarefurtherdividedintothreesubgroups:hightype,___intermediate___,andlowtype.150.Theconstructingstepsofthetransportationsystemaretoplan,design,build,operateand__maintain___.151.Theunitpricecontractisadaptedtohighwayengineering,becauseusuallyitisnotpossibletodetermineexactquantitiesofsomeitemsofwork__before____constructioniscompleted.152.Theword‘’isderivedfromtheLatin‘,meaning___drawn___together.153.Asastructuralmaterial,theenormousadvantageofsteelisits__tensilestrength____.154.___Highwaytransportation___isthedominanttransportationmodeinpassengertravel.155.PortlandconcreteusedforpavementsconsistsofPortlandcement,aggregate,__aggregate____,water.156.Rigidhighwaypavementcanbedividedintothreegeneraltypes:plainconcretepavements,simplyreinforcedconcreteand__continuouslyreinforcedconcrete____pavements.157.Thesimplestandgenerallyleastcostlyformofinterchangeisthe__diamond____.158.Ifdistancesaregreatandtimeisatapremium,___air___transportationwillbeselected.159.Signingforfreewaysshouldbeplannedconcurrentlywiththe__geometry____design.160.Majordrainagestructuresareusuallylargebridgesandmulti-span__culverts____.161.Theweightofthestructureitselfisknownasdeadload162.Prestressedconcreteisanimprovedformofreinforcement.163.simplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintobytwoormoreparties.164.Thisisknown‘retentionmoney’andservestoinsureemployeragainstdefectsthatmayarisethework.165.Thus,On-the-jobtrainingcanbeacquiredtotranslatetheoryintopracticetothesupervisors.14

166.Largeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerswhoseworkiscoordinatedbysystemsengineer.167.Trafficaretransferredbywearingunderlyingsupportingmaterialstheinterlockingofaggregates,thefrictionaleffectofgranularmaterialsandcohesionofthefinematerials.168.Excavationistheprocessoflooseningandremovingearthorrockandtransportingittofillortowastedeposit.169.Whenplanningstructure,engineermusttakeaccountfactors:load,liveload,impactsafetyfactor.170.Thenewdesignstandardsrequireguardrailsandotherstructurestolessenvehicle’simpact.171.Peopleselectairtransportationtocarryimportantgoodswhentimeisatpremium.172.Thebenefit-costratiomethodisusedforevaluatingtheeconomicalandenvironmentalfeasibilityofthealternativeroutes.173.uniquebridgesiteormountainpassalsomatbecomeaprimarycontrolpoint.174.Theradiusoftangentisinfiniteandthatofcurveisfinite.175.Usingcollector-distributorroadscanovercomeweavingmovementofthecloverleafinterchange.．閱解題PassageOneResearchisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.researcherusuallyworksmemberofateamwithotherscientistsengineers.Heorsheisoftenemployedinalaboratoryisfinancedbygovernmentindustry.Areasofresearchconnectedengineeringincludeandstabilizationtechniques,developmentandthetestingofnewstructuralmaterials.176.Researchisoneof____B__aspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.A.themostuselessB.themostimportantC.themostunnecessary177.researcherisoftenemployedA.onafarmB.inalibraryC.inalaboratory178.researcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwithC15

A.farmersandscientistsB.engineersandfarmersC.scientistsandengineers179.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Civilengineeringresearchdoesntincludeonlysoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization,butalsothedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterialsB.Civilengineeringresearch’tincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilizationC.Civilengineeringresearch’tincludethedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterialsPassageTwoThecurrenttendencyistodeveloplightermaterials.Aluminum,forexample,weighsmuchlessthansteelbuthasmanyofthesameproperties.Aluminumbeamshavealreadybeenusedforbridgeconstructionandfortheframeworkofafewbuildings.Attemptsarealsobeingmadetoproduceconcretewithmorestrengthanddurability,andwithlighterweight.Onesystemthathelpscutconcretesomeextentusespolymers,arechainlikecompoundsplastics,partofthemixture.180.ThecurrenttrendofstructuralmaterialsisA.todevelopheaviermaterialsB.todeveloplightermaterialsC.todeveloplessmaterials181.Aluminumweighs.A.muchlessthansteelB.thesameassteelC.muchheavierthansteel182.AluminumhasCA.nopropertiesofsteelB.fewpropertiesofsteelC.manyofthesamepropertiesofsteel183.Whichofthefollowingistrue?B16

A.AluminumbeamscantbeusedforbridgeconstructionB.AluminumbeamscanbeusedfornotonlybridgeconstructionbutalsotheframeworkoffewbuildingsC.AluminumbeamscantbeusedfortheframeworkoffewbuildingsPassageThreeSteelandconcretealsocomplementeachotherinanotherway:theyhavealmostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion.Theythereforecanworktogetherinsituationswherebothcompressionandtensionarefactors.Steelrodsareembeddedinconcretetomakereinforcedconcreteinconcretebeamsorstructureswheretensionwilldevelop.Concreteandsteelalsoformsuchastrongbonds—theforcethatunitesthem—thatthesteelcannotslipwithintheconcrete.Stillanotheradvantageisthatsteeldoesnotrustinconcrete.Acidcorrodessteel,whereasconcretehasanalkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid.184.SteelandconcretehaveA.differentrateofcontractionB.differentrateofexpansionC.almostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion185.ReinforcedconcreteisA.steelrodswhichareembeddedinconcretebeamsB.concretewhichisembeddedinsteelrodsC.steelrodswhichreactwithconcrete186.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.steelcanrustinconcreteB.concretecancorrodesteelC.steeldoesnotrustinconcrete187.ConcretehasBA.somekindofchemicalthatcorrodessteelB.analkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacidC.somekindofacid17

PassageFourTheemployerorpromoterofcivilengineeringworks