管理類專業(yè)聯(lián)考答題前，考生將答題卡上的―‖、―考生編號(hào)‖等信息填寫(xiě)清楚，并與準(zhǔn)考證上的一致2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上，其它筆填涂的或做在試卷或其它類型答 聯(lián)SectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.(10Humansareuniqueintheextenttowhichtheycanreflectonthemselvesandothers.Humansareableto1,tothinkin terms,toreflectonthefuture.Ameaningless,2worldisaninsecureworldwedonotlike.Whenit3tohumanbehavior,weinfermeaningand4tomakethebehaviorunderstandable.5allthismeansisthatpeopledevelop―quasi-theories‖ofhumanbehavior,thatis,theoriesthatarenotdevelopedin6,scientificmanner.Whenngso,peoplebelievetheyknow7humansdothethingstheydo.Let’sconsideranexample.IntheUnitedStatespeoplehavebeen 8withtheincreasingamountofcrimeforseveralyears.Theextentofcrimebothersusbecauseweourselvescouldbevictims.Butit bothersusthatpeoplebehaveinsuchways.Whycansuchthingshappen?Wedevelopquasi-theories.We concernedaboutthehighcrimerate,butwenowbelieve it:ourcriminaljusticesystemis ;peoplehavegrownselfishandinconsiderateasourmoralvaluesweaken theinfluenceofliberalideas;toomanypeopleareondrugs.Theseexnationssuggestpossiblesolutions-14thecourtsandputmorepeopleinjailasexamplestootherlawbreakers.Thereisnowhope15theproblemofcrimecanbesolvedifonlywe16thesesolutions.Again,theworldisnolongermeaninglessnor17soThesequasi-theories18serveaveryimportantfunctionforus.ButhowaccurateareHow19willthesuggestedsolutionsbe?Thesequestionsmustbeanswered20tohowpeoplenormallygoaboutdeveloorattainingtheirquasi-theoriesofhuman1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A]ex[B][D]5.[A][B][D]6.[A]an[B]a[C]a[D]a7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A]act[B]work[C]see[D]set17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][D]SectionII PartADirections:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)OneAmericaninthreeaged65orolderusessocialnetworks,saysanewreportbythePewResearchCentre,athink-.Butitisthesmallsurfers,notthesilverones,whoarecurrentlymakingwaves. isexaminingwaystoallowchildrenundertheageof13touseitsservice,withsomeformofparentalsupervision.Ifthishappens-and stressesthatithasnotyetdecidedwhethertogoahead-itwouldbeaventureintounchartedterritory.Criticshowlthatyoungchildrenlackthematuritytocopewithsocialnetworks.Theyalsoworrythat willfinddeviouswaystomakemoneyfromnaivechildrenor,morelikely,theirparents."Wewouldbegivingthekeystothechickencooptothefox,"saysDougFodemanofChildrenO,apressuregroup.Thereisalsothethornyquestionofhow couldcomplywiththeChildren'sOnlinePrivacyProtectionAct(COPPA)inAmerica,whichwasdesignedtoprotectchildrenunder13astheyusetheinternet.Thelawstipulatesthatonlineserviceswithyoungstersamongtheircustomersmustobtaintheconsentofthechildren'sparentsbeforecollectingdatafromthem.Parentsalsoneedtobeabletoreviewtheirchildren'sdataandhavethesedeletediftheysowish.TheonerousnatureoftheseandotherCOPPAprovisionsexinswhysocialnetworkshavetendedtoshuntheyoung. insiststhatyouhavetobe13touseitsservice.Thesnagisthatchildrenfibabouttheirage.AstudybyConsumerReportsfound5.6mchildrenunder13wereusing inAmericaalone.AnothersurveyofAmericanparentsfoundthatadultsoftenknewthattheirchildrenwerelessthan13whenthey.Inmanycases,theparentshelpedthemtosetuptheirRegulatorshavenoticed.'scurrentmusingsmayreflectthefearthatthefirmwillrunintotroubleifitdoesnothing.Italreadyhasslightlymorerobustprivacysettingsforchildrenbetweentheagesof13and17.Butitwouldneedafartighterregimeforyoungerchildren,saysSarahDowneyofAbine,anonlineconsumer-privacy Inspiteofitsdecliningshareprice, hasoodlesofcashfromitsrecentstockmarketflotation.Soitcouldeasilyhiretheextrastaffneededtosupportparentsandtheiryoungsters,aswellastoensurecompliancewithCOPPA.MarkZuckerberg,thesocialnetwork'sboss,hassaidhebelieveschildren'seducationshouldstartearly.NowhehasachancetoprovethathemeansWhatcanwelearnfromthefirstTheelderlyaremorelikelytouseonlinedenieschildrenaccesstoitsonlineYoungpeoplecountmuchinonlinehasallowedyoungsterstouseitsAccordingtoParagraph2,critics socialnetworksisn'tmatureenoughforchildrenhavelostfaithintheserviceofsocialmakesmoremoneyfromchildrenthancangainprofitsfromparentsbyevilWhichofthefollowingisTRUEofItwasmeanttoprotectchildrenandtheirItgrantsparentsmorerightsofItcanmakesocialnetworkscomplywithitsItdeniesyoungsterstherightofusingonlineWecaninferfromParagraph5 doesnothingwhenthefirmrunningintohasmorerobustprivacysettingsthanchildrendoesnotmakerigidenoughrulesforhasvoicedtheirfearaboutthecurrent [D]JeffBewkes,thebossofTimeWarner,alarge ,rarelyuttersthe―magazine‖.Before ingbossofTimeWarner,heoversawitshighlyprofitablepremiumevisionchannel,HBO.HispassionisTV,nottext.ThereforefewwhoknowMr.BewkesweresurprisedwhenheannouncedonMarch7ththatTimeWarnerwouldspinoffTimeInc.,magazineunit,bytheendofMagazinesarenotwheremoneyinmediaistoday.TimeInc.,whichpublishesmagazinessuchasTime,PeopleandEntertainmentWeekly,isoneofAmerica’soldestandmosticonicmagazinecompanies,butithas eadragonTimeWarner’sbottomline.LastyearrevenueforTimeIncwas$3.4billion,down7%fromayearearlieranddownmorethan26%from2008.TimeIn[C]hasbeenhitbyadifficulteconomy,ailingadvertisinganduninspiredleadership.LauraLang,TimeInc’sbosswhoformerlyranDigitas,adigitaladvertisingagency,tookoverafterJackGriffinwasfired.FewfeltMs.LangeverhadarealvisionforwhatTimeInc.e.ShewillstepdownwhenTime esitsown ThedecisiontospinoffTimeInc.cameafternegotiationswithMeredith,anothermagazinepublisher,whichspecialisesinwomen’smagazines,collapsed.TimeWarneroriginallywantedtokeepcontroloftitlesthathadcooperationwithitscableproperties,suchasTimeandSportsIllustrated,butlaterrethoughtthatstrategy.AdealwithMeredithwouldhavebeen―anelegantsolution‖,saysPeterKreisky,amediaconsultantandformeradvisortoTimeInc.MeredithhadcooperationwithmanyofTimeInc’stitles.Thecombinedcompaniescouldhaveconsolidatedsomeoftheirmagazines,editorialstaffsandadvertisingsalesteams.EarlierthisyearTimeIncalreadyannounceditwouldlayoff6%ofitswork.NowTimeIncmustfacetheworld,andshareholders,alone.TimeInchasbeenbuttressedbyTimeWarner’sflushTVdivisions.ThatisnotunlikewhathashappenedatNewsCorporation,arivalmedia thatiscontrolledbyRupertMurdoch.InJuneNewsCorpwillsplitintotwocompaniesandseparateitspublishingassetsfromitsfilmandTVbusiness.Othermediacompaniesarealsolookingtooffloadprint.TheTribuneistryingtosellitsnewspaperstofocusonitsTVassets.Divorceishard,especiallywhenitisspelledoutinprint.TimeWarnerwouldspinoffTimeIbably Mr.BewkeshaslosthisinterestinmediaMr.BewkesoverlookedthehugeprofitsfromTimeInc.islesscompetitivethanotherTimeInc.bringslessprofitsthaneverLauraLangismentionedinParagraph3to themanagementofTimeInc.isnottroubledeconomyhasanimpactonTimeshehasarealvisionforthefutureoftheleaderof ysacrucialAccordingtoParagraph4,Time managedtokeepcontrolofsomewantedtodisposeofitscablefailedtoreachanagreementwithrefusedtoconductnegotiationwithWecanlearnfromParagraph5that offeredTimeInc.anexceptionalconsolidatedadvertisingsalesteamforTimecombineditseditorialstaffwithTimecollaboratedwithmanymagazinesofTimeTheauthorthinksthatthiskindofseparation [B] [C] [D]Mostpeoplewouldnotpaytwocentsforsomethingworthone.ButAmerica’sernmentspent$116mlastyearngjustthat.Themoney-losingpurchasewasmoneyitself:thepenny,whichhascostmorethanacenttoproducesince2006,duemainlytothepriceofzinc,thecoin’sprimaryingredient.Steelisnotmuchbetter,asCanadahaslearned.Theernmentthererecentlyditcheditssteel-basedpenny.Americanpoliticians,thoughloathtotakelessonsfromtheirnorthernneighbours,mayhavenoticed.InanonlineforumonFebruary14thBarackObamaintimatedthatthepennywasnolongerchangehebelievesin.FiftyyearsagoahandfulofpennieswouldbuyahamburgeratMcDonald’s,butinflationmeansthecoinwon’tevengetyouoneFrenchfrytoday.Relegatedtojarsandlostbehindcushions,thepennyisfailingtoperformitsprimaryfunction:tofacilitatecommerce.Vendingmachinesandparkingmetersdon’tacceptit.Pennyscourgesnotethatdealingwiththemaddssometwosecondstoeachtransaction,costingtheeconomymanymillionsofdollarsayear.Pennyloversandzinc-industrylobbyistscounterthatthecoin’sdisappearancewouldcostconsumersmore,asmerchantswouldroundpricesuptothenearestnickel.Someeconomistsdisagree,suggestingthatshopkeepersmightinfactrounddowninordertoavoidmovingfromapriceof,say,$9.99to$10.Americansanywayseemwillingtoacceptafeeforpennyremoval,asevidencedbytheself-imposedcostofleavingthemidleandthesuccessofcoin-countingmachines,whichtakeacutwhenturningthemintobills.Othercountrieshaveeliminatedlow-valuecoinswithless-than-direresults,andindeed,sohasAmerica.In1857itditchedthehalf-cent,thenworthnearlyasmuchinrealtermsastoday’sdime.Thishasledsometosuggestkillingthenickel,whichcostsabouttencentstomake,aswellasthepenny.Congresshasnotauthorisedcoincullingasyet,sotheMintisstudyingwaystomakepenniesmorecheaply.Mr.Obama,meanwhile,isfindingvalueinthepenny’ssymbolism.―Oneofthethingsyouseechronicallyinernmentisit’sveryhardtogetridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo,‖saidthe .―Thepenny,Ithink,endsupbeingagoodmetaphorforsomeofthelargerproblemswegot.‖Thelastyear’spurchasewasmoney-losing ernmentcannotaffordthepriceofmostpeoplecareabouttheirlossofthepennyisworthmorethanitusedtothecostsofcoinproductionrise [C] [D]What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefunctionofthe [B] [C] [D]WhichofthefollowingcanproveAmericans’favorofpennyAmericansoverestimatethecostofabolishingAmericanscominaboutthecostofleavingcoinscoin-countingmachinescutdownontheuseof WhichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitlefortheHowtodealwithAcoinhastwoThepennyDefendtheThetraditionalproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfywantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Intoday’sprosperoussocietiesthedistinctionhas eblurredbecausesomanywantshavebeenturnedintoneeds.Awriter,forinstance,canworkwithawordprocessor.ThusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanaInthefieldofmarketing,consumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyarepurchased.Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandsopgoods.Twolessertypesatespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallofthesetypesarebasedonthewayshoppersthinkaboutproducts,notonthenatureoftheproductsthemselves.WhatisregardedasaconvenienceiteminFrance(wine,forexample)maybeaspecialtygoodintheUnitedStates.Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshopforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroceries,newspapers,toothpaste,razorblades,aspirin,andcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinely,assomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse:someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundaeonahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems.Shopgoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycompareprices,quality,andstyles,andmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyinganauto isoftendonethisway.Shopgoodsfallintotwoclasses:thosethatareperceivedasbasicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferentItemsthatarelookeduponasbasicallythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliances,evisionsets,andauto s.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired,thecustomerisprimarilyinterestedingettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferentincludeclothing,furniture,anddishes.Quality,style,andfashionwilleithertakeprecedenceoverprice,ortheywillnotmatteratall.Specialtygoodshavecharacteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem.Pricemaybenoconsiderationatall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct.Normally,specialtygoodshaveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics.Unsoughtgoodsareitemsaconsumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotknowabout.Promotionoradvertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer’sattention.TheproductcouldbesomethingnewonthemarketastheSonyWalkmanoncewasoritmaybefairlystandardservice,suchaslifeinsurance,forwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbothershop.Awriter’sexampleinparagraph1isusedtoillustrate traditionalproductscansatisfyourmodernsocietyconvertwantsintolegitimateneedscanbemetwordprocessorisviewedasanefficientTheword―ape‖(para.3)referstocommodities peopleareinroutineneedpeoplespendmuchtimepeoplecanbuypeoplewantbutdon’tWhenbuyingitemsregardedbasicallythesame, keepinterestsindecidingthetendtopurchaseatareasonablearekeenontheirfavoritecanevenaffordtoofferahighAccordingtothelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatunsoughtgoods poorinnewonthehighlystandardnecessarytoThetextismainly thedefinitionoftheexnationoftheclassificationofthepromotionofPartDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintheleftcolumn.(10points)Fewpeople,ifany,cansingtwosongsindifferentkeysatthesametime.Yetthebossofa oftenhastobeltoutanupbeatnumberabouthowbrilliantthefirmiswhilesimultaneouslywailingalamentabouthowharditwillbetoknockintoshape.ThorstenHeins,thenewishbossofResearchInMotion,hasbeengettingplentyofpractice:onMay30ththeenfeebledmakerofBlackBerrystoldinvestorstoexpectaquarterlyloss.AndMegWhitmanhasbeensingingbothmajorandminorsinceSeptember,whenshebecameHewlett-Packard’sthirdchiefinlessthan14months.Ms.Whitman’spredecessor,LéoApotheker,proposedabigshiftinstrategy.HesawonlyfiercecompetitionandthinningmarginsinHP’s puterbusiness,althoughitwastheworld’sbiggest,andproposedspinningitoff.Andheagreedtopay$10.2billionforAutonomy,aBritishsoftware thatspecialisesin ysing―unstructured‖data—in sande-mailsratherthaninneatrowsandcolumns.Investorshatedthespin-offidea;somealsothoughtHPwasoverpayingforAutonomy.Mr.Apotheker’sbrieftenureendedsoonSofarMsWhitman’snhasbeentokeepngjustabouteverything,buttodoitbetter.Shesooncancelledthespin-off;butshehasrepeatedlypraisedtheAutonomydeal.OnMay23rd,announcingquarterlyrevenuesof$30.7billion,3%lowerthanayearbefore,and e$1.6billion,30%lower,shesaidthat27,000jobs,outofnearly350,000,wouldgoby2014.Thatshouldsave$3billion-3.5billionayear,someofwhichwillbespentonresearchanddevelopment.AmongthefirsttodepartwillbeMikeLynch,thefounderandbossofAutonomy,whoserevenuesfellinthequarter.AutonomywillbeoverseenbyBillVeghte,whowasalsomadechiefoperatingofficeronMay30th.AutonomyandHPhavenotbeencomfortablepartners.Autonomy’schieffinancial,technology,marketingandoperatingofficershadalreadyleft.MsWhitmansaystheproblemis―nottheproduct…notthemarket…notthecompetition‖but―scalingchallenges‖.HavingruneBayasitssalesgrewfrom$4mto$8billion,shethinkssheknowswhatneedsng.OnedifficultyHPfaces,saysMarkFabbiofGartner,aresearchfirm,isthatbusinesscustomersseeitas―atacticalproviderofgoodthings‖ratherthanasa―strategic‖rofadviceandwholesystems.Makingtheleapfromonetotheotherishard.IBMdidit,sellingitsPCbusinessalongthewaytoLenovo,a firmthatisnowtheworld’ssecond-biggestsellerofPCs.IBM’sfocusthesedaysisonsoftwareandconsulting.Hardwareisonly15%ofitsbusiness.Still,HPmayfindreinventioneasierthanDell,anAmericanPCfirmrecentlyovertakenbyLenovo.Dellisaimingtoprovidemoreservicesandadvicetobusinesses,ratherthanfightingsellmorecheaplaptops.Thoseareasnowmakeup31%ofitssales.Butitslatestquarterlyfiguresweredisappointing.Itssharesfellby17%inaday,inanechoofHP’splungewhenMr.Apothekerunveiledhisns.AtleastMs.Whitmanhasavoidedarepeat.[A]developsitssalesvolume puters41.[B]recesitschieffinancial,technology,marketingand42.[C]focusesonsoftwareandconsultingrath