2018英語科備考策略探討北京師范大學(xué)附中魏紹成第一頁，共132頁。通周圍曉自己目標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確忒給力第二頁，共132頁。我們分享以下內(nèi)容：一、備考依據(jù)二、2017全國卷總體特點三、詞匯教學(xué)四、題型分析五、幾個提醒第三頁，共132頁。一、備考依據(jù)第四頁，共132頁。備考的策略與2017年高考同行考點的內(nèi)容

高考的完勝第五頁，共132頁。理性復(fù)習(xí)的依據(jù)1.新課標(biāo)----------內(nèi)容2.考試說明----------要求3.高考試題----------樣本第六頁，共132頁。落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)，凸顯思想性和育人功能

2017年高考英語的命制堅持以“立德樹人”為根本任務(wù)，體現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展的育人要求，強化社會主義核心價值觀；有利于促進學(xué)生語言能力、文化意識、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)能力等學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的形成和發(fā)展，有利于培養(yǎng)符合社會發(fā)展需要的、具有中國情懷、國際視野和跨文化溝通能力的人才。

語言是知識與文化的載體，也是思維方式的體現(xiàn)。2017年高考英語試題的所有語篇和材料圍繞人與自我、人與社會、人與自然三大主題，題材涉及故事、科普、人文、社會現(xiàn)象、文化活動等，體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等。試題內(nèi)容豐富、體裁多樣、時代性強，充分體現(xiàn)了高考的思想性和育人功能。第七頁，共132頁。融入中國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，通過“講好中國故事”引導(dǎo)增強文化自信。

2017年全國I卷寫作部分第二節(jié)設(shè)置了考生教外國朋友學(xué)習(xí)漢語的情境，要求考生寫封郵件告知外國朋友下次上課計劃，內(nèi)容包括學(xué)習(xí)唐詩和了解唐朝的歷史。全國II卷同一題型要求考生給外教寫封郵件邀請他參觀中國剪紙藝術(shù)展。這些情境設(shè)置真實，任務(wù)要求符合考生能力水平，又自然融入了我國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的內(nèi)容，能夠引導(dǎo)考生在使用外語了解世界的同時，注重傳承和發(fā)揚中華民族優(yōu)秀文明成果，運用中國元素講好中國故事，增強文化自信。第八頁，共132頁。深度發(fā)掘文章思想內(nèi)涵，引導(dǎo)關(guān)注人類命運共同體。

2017年全國I卷、II卷、III卷的閱讀理解分別選取了野生動物保護、植物科學(xué)研究、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡維護等話題設(shè)置相關(guān)試題，引導(dǎo)考生在理解文章內(nèi)容和作者觀點態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上關(guān)注中國和世界發(fā)展大勢，深入思考人與自然的關(guān)系，體悟和諧發(fā)展之道。全國II卷的其中一篇閱讀理解文章介紹了國家大劇院和位于“一帶一路”沿線城市多家劇院的演出信息，引導(dǎo)考生在形成國際視野的過程中正確認識中國特色，進行國際比較。第九頁，共132頁。介紹報道科學(xué)知識，引導(dǎo)養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷。

2017年全國I卷閱讀理解選取的科普文章是介紹如何自制便攜式太陽能蒸餾器在野外獲取飲用水；II卷的科普文章是報道國外一家公司研發(fā)飛行汽車的最近進展；III卷的科普文章是介紹一所大學(xué)的研究團隊為保證老年人自行駕車從而能夠獨立自主生活而進行的輔助駕駛系統(tǒng)研發(fā)過程。這些文章和題目不僅能讓考生體會到科學(xué)的無限趣味和實際功用，還會促使考生深入思考科技創(chuàng)新在人類生活和發(fā)展過程中起到的重要作用，有利于引導(dǎo)考生養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷。第十頁，共132頁?？茖W(xué)設(shè)計試題內(nèi)容，著力提升試題質(zhì)量

2017年高考英語試題繼續(xù)采用“一綱多卷”形式，各套試題充分考慮不同地區(qū)考生群體水平，合理控制難度，進一步提高試題區(qū)分度。

2017年高考英語試題內(nèi)容選材豐富，考查要求深入淺出，基于英語學(xué)科必備知識、關(guān)鍵能力、學(xué)科素養(yǎng)及核心價值命制試題，突出基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性、應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性考查。各套試卷中所選語篇和材料難度水平呈階梯式分布，題目類型多樣且難易搭配合理，考查要點覆蓋面廣，各難度層級試題數(shù)量比例合適，能夠區(qū)分不同能力水平的考生。第十一頁，共132頁。注重在情境中對綜合語言運用能力的考查語言知識是語言能力的有機組成部分，是發(fā)展語言技能的重要基礎(chǔ)。全卷的設(shè)計注重語言能力的考查，把語言技能和語言知識的考查融入到聽、讀、寫三方面的考查中。對情感態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)策略、文化意識的考查滲透在對語言知識與語言技能的考查中。注重用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，尤其是用英語進行思維和表達的能力。

試題材料的選取兼顧了知識性與實用性，所選材料語言地道真實，包含多種文體和文化知識，涉及的內(nèi)容為學(xué)生所熟悉，語言和語境真實，符合用英語進行國際交流的實際需要，體現(xiàn)在真實環(huán)境下語言的使用。

例如，聽力話題涉及天氣、業(yè)余生活、學(xué)習(xí)生活、人際關(guān)系、等多個方面，不僅充分體現(xiàn)了知識性，而且均為生活中真實的實用語言。第十二頁，共132頁。加強對邏輯思維的考查2017年特別加強了對邏輯思維的考查力度，強調(diào)語言學(xué)習(xí)也是思維發(fā)展的過程。例如，語法填空中的題目需要對句子的真正含義有準(zhǔn)確的理解和把握；又如，閱讀理解的題目涉及對內(nèi)容理解以及推斷、概括能力的考查，要求考生具有較高的邏輯思維水平；在學(xué)習(xí)能力方面，強調(diào)對運用英語學(xué)習(xí)策略的效果的綜合考查，關(guān)注考生學(xué)習(xí)潛能的挖掘。值得注意的是，寫作任務(wù)既與學(xué)生的生活實際緊密相關(guān)，又給考生提供足夠的開放空間，有利于考生展示自我的語言能力和思辨能力。例如，寫作設(shè)置的情境以告知外國朋友下次上課為基礎(chǔ)，向外國朋友介紹唐詩及唐朝。試題的設(shè)計給考生提供了充分的思維發(fā)散空間，鼓勵考生認真思考，科學(xué)選擇并組織內(nèi)容，給不同思維水平的考生提供了展示自我能力的機會。同時，唐詩及唐朝是中國文化的代表性元素，為學(xué)生所熟悉，不同語言能力的學(xué)生皆能充分展示自己的語言水平。第十三頁，共132頁。強調(diào)對中學(xué)英語教學(xué)的積極導(dǎo)向2017年卷有利于進一步在高中英語教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)，能夠促使教師更加關(guān)注學(xué)生認知能力的發(fā)展、語言知識的積累、文化意識的養(yǎng)成、語言學(xué)習(xí)對思維能力的促進以及自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的提升，特別是思維發(fā)展過程在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的重要性；能夠促進英語教學(xué)加強對語言運用和學(xué)習(xí)策略能力的培養(yǎng)，提升英語教學(xué)的成效。第十四頁，共132頁。四、題型分析第十五頁，共132頁。聽力理解總題數(shù):2030分第十六頁，共132頁。聽力話題——“重復(fù)”考查聽力材料——變長（增加130詞）聽力部分（2015比2014少214詞）第十七頁，共132頁。儲備“話題語境”知識復(fù)習(xí)策略聽力拓展“訓(xùn)練”方式第十八頁，共132頁。聽寫——準(zhǔn)確性（聽—記筆記）聽讀

——語速、發(fā)音、反應(yīng)速度、準(zhǔn)確性（跟讀、背誦高考聽力主播錄音）高考題型專練——細化、善后第十九頁，共132頁。

（1）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語音聽覺識別技能

（2）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的基本聽力理解技能

（3）平時多聽多練，熟悉?？荚掝}

（4）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語言靈活轉(zhuǎn)換的能力

（5）進行精聽和泛聽相結(jié)合的訓(xùn)練

（6）選擇貼近高考真實的聽力材料備考建議第二十頁，共132頁。閱讀理解總題數(shù):2040分第二十一頁，共132頁。1.理解歸納語篇的主旨要義;2.獲取事實性信息;3.利用上下文推測詞義;4.推斷隱含意義;5.理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度6.理解篇的基本結(jié)構(gòu);考生應(yīng)能：第二十二頁，共132頁。應(yīng)用文第二十三頁，共132頁。PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorrememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLasterDome.21◆HungryOurexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourPacificScienceCentercloses.◆RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.第二十四頁，共132頁。◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelong@inscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquirybasedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcompanyeventsalloverWashingtonState.22It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandoneweconnectsciencewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.WishtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.2321.WhereareyoubuyasouveniratScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.

B.InBuilding3.C.AtthelastDenny.

D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.TrainScienceteachers.

B.Distributesciencebooks.C.inspirescientificresearch.

D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.

B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.Totellaboutthecenter’shistory第二十五頁，共132頁。

A篇為說明性應(yīng)用文，本文標(biāo)題為“太平洋科學(xué)中心指南”，介紹了太平洋科學(xué)中心的相關(guān)信息，比如商店、餐廳、租賃信息以及該中心的用途等。本文屬于常見的小標(biāo)題類，題目均為基礎(chǔ)題，只要找準(zhǔn)標(biāo)志詞，難度不大。第二十六頁，共132頁。YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)身份21AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.第二十七頁，共132頁。RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)原因22WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.第二十八頁，共132頁。RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1.1995,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.結(jié)果2321.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.第二十九頁，共132頁。22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor D.RosaParks.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?評價A.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.第三十頁，共132頁。記敘文第三十一頁，共132頁。IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.24However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.27 IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.25Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety. Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree. Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.26 Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.第三十二頁，共132頁。Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH！Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24.What

is

unavoidable

in

the

author’s

rescue

work

according

ro

paragraph

1?

A.Efforts

made

in

vain.B.Getting

injured

in

his

work.

C.Feeling

uncertain

about

his

future.

D.Creatures

forced

out

of

their

homes.

25.Why

was

the

author

called

to

Muttontown?

A.To

rescue

a

woman.B.To

take

care

of

a

woman.

C.To

look

at

a

baby

owl.D.To

cure

a

young

owl.

26.What

made

the

chick

calm

down?

A.A

new

nest.B.Some

food.

C.A

recording.D.Its

parents.

27.How

would

the

author

feel

about

the

outcome

of

the

event?

A.It’s

unexpected.B.

It’s

beautiful.

C.

It’s

humorous.D.

It’s

discouraging.

第三十三頁，共132頁。B篇為記敘文，講的是“作者做營救野生動物的志愿者的經(jīng)歷，通過為一只無家可歸的貓頭鷹幼鳥搭巢所得到的人生感悟”。題目難度不大，細節(jié)題主要考察原詞重現(xiàn)居多。主旨題定位明確，主要考察基本的檢索信息和對比信息能力。第三十四頁，共132頁。IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips–ofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干細胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.

30原因Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐獻者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime. 29身份

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:第三十五頁，共132頁?！皐ell,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.31結(jié)果方式 Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.第三十六頁，共132頁。29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.

provider B.deliverymanC.collector D.medicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.31.WhichfightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon. B.ToNewark.C.ToProvidence. D.ToWashington.第三十七頁，共132頁。說明文第三十八頁，共132頁。Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(聯(lián)合)voiceacrosscultures.28Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.29It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazzseemslikeit’snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.“WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmugenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.”第三十九頁，共132頁。Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”

30saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller’smusicforadanceparty,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”saysMoran.“Forme,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,asabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“SoIwanttocontinuethosedialogue.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”第四十頁，共132頁。28．WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.

B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.

D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.30．WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?A．Itwilldisappeargradually.

B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.

D．Itchangesevery50years.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ExploringtheFutureofjazz.

B．TheRiseandFallofjazz.C．TheStoryofajazzMusician.

D．CelebratingtheJazzDay.第四十一頁，共132頁。C篇為說明文，主要講的是對爵士樂的保護。文章主旨要求考生明確說明對象和文章的態(tài)度立場。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，通過大量事實說明爵士樂日趨沒落的現(xiàn)狀以及音樂家們保護爵士樂所作出的努力。文章主旨明確，主旨題難度小，推斷題和主旨相關(guān)，因此難度也不大。第四十二頁，共132頁。Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸餾器）

isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5’x5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.32Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareato

33increasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.第四十三頁，共132頁。Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.34Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.35Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.第四十四頁，共132頁。32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.C.It’scomplex.D.It’sportable33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.ThetubeB.ThestillC.TheholeD.Thecup34.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.DigaholeofacertainsizeB.PutthecupinplaceC.Weightthesheet’scenterdownD.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupform

.A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenair

D.beneaththesheet第四十五頁，共132頁。D篇為說明文，文章重點介紹了蒸餾器的原理和使用方法。說明對象對于考生而言相對陌生，詞匯相對陌生，閱讀難度較大。文章以細節(jié)題和推斷題為主，題目難度較大，同義替換居多，主要考察信息的精細化閱讀能力。第四十六頁，共132頁。GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandhersonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.25結(jié)論NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicago第四十七頁，共132頁。andmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudy,,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.26結(jié)論數(shù)字“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristianeCrosby,publisherofGrazamagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”27結(jié)論引號Movingisnotforeveryone.Althougheverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorher第四十八頁，共132頁。grandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.28結(jié)論歸納

25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmoreplaces.第四十九頁，共132頁。26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.32%believedithadabadinfluence.D.Themajoritysuggesteditwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theyhadlittleexperiencesfortheirgrandparents.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?A.Makethedecisionsinthebestinterestoftheirown.B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.第五十頁，共132頁。議論文第五十一頁，共132頁。Themeaningofsilencecarriesamongculturegroups.Silencemaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,or,worry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.32結(jié)輪、ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.33結(jié)論第五十二頁，共132頁。Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority,personsinAsianculturemayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilence第五十三頁，共132頁。whentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.34結(jié)論32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.

B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific

D.Itiscontent-based33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightconsidersilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese. B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans. D.TheRussians.第五十四頁，共132頁。34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

論點A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatitmeanstobesilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold第五十五頁，共132頁。綜述，17年高考的閱讀理解整體中規(guī)中矩，前三篇以基礎(chǔ)題目為主，第4篇較難，推斷題比往年難度略有增加，與17年考試大綱對推斷題的修訂一致，其他題目無過多的設(shè)題陷阱和閱讀障礙，考生只要按照傳統(tǒng)的閱讀方式閱讀和解題即可。第五十六頁，共132頁。干擾項特點（一）主旨大意題干擾項特點：雖覆蓋全文意思，但顯得太籠統(tǒng)其內(nèi)容太窄，不能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容，只是一部分或一個細枝末節(jié)與文章內(nèi)容毫不相干，或內(nèi)容相悖（張冠李戴）第五十七頁，共132頁。（二）細節(jié)題干擾項特點：與原句內(nèi)容相反；與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同；與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對化（must,always,never,all,only,no,verycompletely,hardly等）原文中根本沒提到。第五十八頁，共132頁。（三）推理題干擾項特點不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎(chǔ)上進行推理的觀點（斷章取義）推理過頭，概括過度（過度引申）第五十九頁，共132頁。（四）觀點題干擾項：縱觀歷屆考查學(xué)生揣測作者觀點態(tài)度時，正確選項要么是肯定、贊揚、褒義的（positive,supportive,admirable,optimistic,approval等），要么是否定、批判和貶義的（critical,doubtful,negative,disapproval）,中性詞（indiffent,neutral等）多為干擾項。注意：確?；A(chǔ)差的學(xué)生明確選項詞義！第六十頁，共132頁。1.精心選材,盡量開展同話題閱讀，能及時運用剛復(fù)習(xí)的話題詞匯，正確理解文章內(nèi)容,并積極開展時文閱讀，擴大學(xué)生視野;2.注重分析不同體裁文章的寫作特點，培養(yǎng)閱讀策略，運用“抓主題+找重點”閱讀方式，把握作者意圖，關(guān)注文章細節(jié)，理解不同的表達結(jié)構(gòu)，細心搜尋弦外之音；3.關(guān)注篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，提高對語篇的整體理解能力，進而更好的理解細節(jié)，夯實基礎(chǔ)知識和，提高解題基本技能；4.要養(yǎng)成好的閱讀習(xí)慣，堅持做好讀書筆記、不斷擴大詞匯量，樂于分析長難句，能根據(jù)上下文猜詞；5、加強限時訓(xùn)練，處理好閱讀質(zhì)與量的關(guān)系問題，避免做題后只對答案，而沒有滲入到文章內(nèi)部的語言內(nèi)容和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單做法。*“非理解性輸入對語言習(xí)得沒有任何幫助”

閱讀理解備考建議第六十一頁，共132頁。七選五閱讀第六十二頁，共132頁。39

Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40

Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A．This

time

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D．I

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E．I

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camping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.FE第六十三頁，共132頁。七選五在形式上與往年有較大變化，不是小標(biāo)題類說明文文體，但題目難度不大。文章的主題是通過對野營看法的改變，表達作者對回歸自然的向往。除了理解篇章及選項的含義外，考生在做七選五時還需要多關(guān)注文章和選項中的代詞、邏輯連接詞以及特殊概念名詞的對應(yīng)，遵循先易后難的原則，確保該類題型的高正確率。第六十四頁，共132頁。語篇解讀關(guān)鍵詞secretcodes,cryptography背景圖式信息安全與保護。結(jié)構(gòu)圖式(主旨概要)本文主要介紹了三種編寫和破解密碼的方法：首字母拼寫法、數(shù)字指代字母法和符號指代法。內(nèi)容圖式(觀點、思想)事物的發(fā)展具有兩面性，比如人類使用密碼來確保個人信息安全，但密碼破解工作也在同時進行。語言知識難點詞、搭配spellout用字母拼出；standfor代表；substitutesthforsth用某物代替某物第六十五頁，共132頁。Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate.Bank,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodeindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.定義

Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)behindcodemaking.Thescienceofdecodingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.

歷史

Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersare“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”種類、特點

38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135”.

種類、特點DEG第六十六頁，共132頁。Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”.Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme”.40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.39種類、特點40總結(jié)alsoA.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutacodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohidea