版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
CONTENTKeystrategicprinciplesRegulatoryoverviewMarketoverviewCompetitionoverviewBusinessmodelsNextstepsAGENDABusinessModelsDomesticandinternationallong-distancevoiceWholesale/carrierEnterprisesolutionsIssuesgoingforwardEconomicmodelingChoiceofbusinessmodelstopursueandtimingRoadmapforpursuingbusinessmodelsandexpectedfinancialperformanceIntegratedapproachtoCNCbusinessplanMajor
issuesExpected
outputHowdothemarketsizingandshareassumptionstranslateintooveralltoplinerevenueforCNC?Whatcapitalinvestmentswillbenecessarytobuildoutmetroandlonghaulfibernetworks?PredictedcashflowprobusinessmodelandselectedscenariosAssessmentofmarketopportunitiesHowwillChinadatacommarketdevelop?Howlargeistheoverallopportunityforanewentrant?OverallmarketsizingandrevenueforecastbyproductareaRegulatoryandcompetitiveanalysisWhattypeofregulatoryenvironmentwillevolveinChina?Willequalaccessforvoiceanddatabegrantedandwhen?WhateffectwillWTOhave?RegulatorymappingandCNCsharepredictionsacrossscenariosStrategicimplicationsandcapabilitiesassessmentMETHODOLOGYBEINGUSEDTODEVELOPBUSINESSMODELSANDOVERALLSTRATEGY-CurrentareasoffocusOverallapproachWhereHowBUSINESSMODELSSUMMARY:THREECOREELEMENTSEnterpriseSolutionsCapturedatacomgrowthinkeybusinesscenterswithleading-edgeproductsandsuperiorcustomerserviceTopbusinessdistrictsinmajorurbanareas;onlythemostdenseareasinshorttermFocusedDeploymentLeverageexistingconduitstolayinmajorurbanareasSuperiorserviceandbandwidthTargetCT’sweaknessinserviceandbandwidthUtilizeLMDSinintermediatecitiesandareaswheretimetomarketiscriticalWholesale/CarrierTargetmobilecarriersandISPswithbackbonetransport;considersupplyingfixed-lineincumbentsCoverPOPsinallmajorcallingzones;developlocalleasedlinesnetworkinkeylocationsAggressivedeploymentofbackboneinfrastructuretoprovideunparalleledbandwidthEstablishhighbandwidthinternationalgatewaytodifferentiateinternetaccessSuperiorservicewithclearpositioning“TheclearalternativetoCT”ISPLongdistancevoiceCaptureearlyrevenuefromtofunddevelopmentofsubsequentbusinessmodelsTop60POPsbyendofyear2000utilizingmixofleasedlinesfromCTandCNCnetworkPositionoffnetvoiceasfirstproductfrom“China’sfirstdatacomcarrier”DonotoverextendresourcesinVOIPasitdoesnotfitCNC’slongtermstrategyCreate“dial-around”solutionsforbusinessandinterconnectterms-17930-EnterprisesolutionsPOTENTIALBUSINESSMODELSCOVERWIDERANGEOFPRODUCT/MARKETALTERNATIVESOpportunityforgrowthCurrentmarketsizeWholesale/carrierConsumerISP?DomesticandInternationalLongDistanceVoiceResidentialMed/largeenterprisecustomersCarriersPotentialtrafficperconsumerProductsEmergingdatacomDataVoiceEmergingdatanicheAGENDABusinessModelsDomesticandinternationallong-distancevoiceWholesale/carrierEnterprisesolutionsIssuesgoingforwardDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALVOICESUMMARYPreliminaryEconomicsPhaseICapEx(2000,2001):~3.8BRMBFiber/construction:~2.4BRMBIP/DWDMequipment:~720MRMBPOP/VOIP:~530MRMBOSS/Networkmanagementsystem:~100MRMBOpExexpectedtobe~30%ofrevenueby2002Marketshareandrevenueestimates-2002OffnetDLD:30%OffnetILD:30% ~$2BRMBIPIntl.termination:27%5yearNPV:Essentiallybreakevenconsideringoffnetvoicealone1KeyIssuestobeAddressedInterconnectagreementswithlocalPTA’s;attempttoobtainblanketpolicyfromMIIInternationalgatewaylicenseandconnectivitySettlementchargescommensuratewithVOIPpricingDevelopmentofbusinessoffnetstrategyScalable“dial-around”solutionsinshorttermEqualaccesslongertermQualityofserviceforvoice,mustapproachswitchedqualityrapidlyPointofdiminishingreturnsforaddingVOIPgatewaysvs.strategicvalueofprovidingcoverage(1)HighlysensitivetosettlementfeesLARGEMARKETWITHPOTENTIALTOGAINSHAREQUICKLYNewentrantstypicallygainsharequicklyExample:IDDandDLDservicesMarketsizeable-off-nettrafficaccountsfor~15%oftotalDLD/ILDrevenueby2004Source:ChinaTelecomannualreports;CNC’steaminputs;BCGsurveys,analysis&benchmarkingYearafterentryOptus(DLD)Tele2(DLD)Mercury(DLD)HongKong(IDD)Japan(IDD)US(IDD)(RMBBN)DLDOn-NetDLDOff-NetILDOn-NetILDOff-Net(%)CAREFULMANAGEMENTOFPRE-PAIDCALLINGCARDBUSINESSNECESSARYTOALIGNWITHLONGTERMSTRATEGYPrepaidcallingcardscallfordifferentcapabilitysetandtargetcustomersthanlongertermbusinessmodelsFocusonconsumerswillnotcomplementlongtermvisionofprovidingenterprisesolutionsMassadvertisingandmarketingaroundalow-costpositionmaynotfitimagerequiredforfutureneedsThreefactorsimportanttoconsiderinmanagingprepaidcallingcardbusinessAttempttopositioncardsinmarketingmessagesasthefirstproductfromacompanythatisbuildingthemostadvancednetworkinPRCConsidersellingcardstobusinessesfortheirtravelingpersonneltobeginestablishingenterpriserelationshipsCarefullymanageproductlifecycletobeginpullingbackmarketinginvestmentaswholesaleandenterprisebusinessmodelsgrowPRELIMINARYECONOMICSFORLONGDISTANCEVOICEMODEL(PHASEIBUILDOUT)
VOIPRevenueAloneJustifiesBuildingBackbone5yearPV(1)(MRMB)CapEXOpExRevenue5yearNPV@15%:~-500MRMB5yearIRR:~12%EssentiallybreakeveneconomicsforoperatingbackboneforVOIPonlyVOIP(2)BackboneconstructionBackboneInternationalterminationIDDDLDIPPOP/AccessplatformOSSPresentvalueofcashflows(1)Assuming15%costofcapital(2)Includingsettlementchargesestimatedat10%ofVOIPrevenue,andmarketing/salesat10%ofrevenue(3)BackboneOpExchargesallocated1/3eachtoVOIP,wholesale,andenterprisebusinessmodeleconomicsSource:BCGbenchmarkdatabase;industryinterviews;BCGanalysisAGENDABusinessModelsDomesticandinternationallong-distancevoiceWholesale/carrierEnterprisesolutionsIssuesgoingforwardAPPROACHTOWHOLESALE/CARRIERBUSINESSMODELObjectivesHypothesizedApproachDevelopwholesalebusinessastrafficgeneratortoimproveeconomicsofbackbonethroughhigherutilizationBecomethewholesalecarrierofchoicewithtechnologicallysuperiorserviceofferingsincludinghighbandwidthinternationalgatewayconnectivityConsiderwholesalingaccesstoCT,Unicom,andJitongdependingoncompetitiveimplicationsSuperiorcustomerservicewithclearpositioning“TheclearalternativetoCT”AggressivedeploymentofbackboneinfrastructureConnectingtop15citiesbyendof2000andexpandingtotop50citiesby2002Seekpartnershipstoestablishhighbandwidthinternationalgatewayconnectivity--absolutelyessentialfordifferentiatingCNCofferingDevelopinterconnectioncapabilitiesinallmajorPOPsandmobilebasestationsinkeygeographicallocationsWholesaleaccesstoincumbentproviderswherefeasible,butdonotwholesalesourcesofcompetitiveadvantage(e.g.,enhanceddataservicessuchasIPVPNs)RolloutproductofferinginstagedmannertoensurequalityofserviceInternetconnectivityMobileinterconnectAccessportstobackbonePOTENTIALWHOLESALECUSTOMERSINCLUDEISPs,MOBILEOPERATORS,ANDFIXEDLINECARRIERSISPsoffersignificantpotentialifCNCcanprovidesuperiorbandwidthaccessandtointernationalgatewayCurrentsatisfactionamongregionalISPsverylowInternationalgatewaylicenseinconjunctionwithhighbandwidthtrans-oceaniccarrieralliancecouldprovidevastlysuperiorserviceMobilecarrierswillbesearchingforlowercostalternativestocarrylongdistancetrafficduetointensifyingcompetitionCNC’snewhighcapacityVoIPnetworkandinternationalgatewaylikelytoyieldlowercostsFixedlinecarrierspotentiallylookingforalternativesExistinglong-haultransportinfrastructurelimitedChinaTelecomcouldevenbeapossiblecustomergivencurrentfocusonincreasingresidentialteledensityOVERALLWHOLESALEMARKETSIZEISSUBSTANTIAL
ANDGROWINGATAMODESTRATE
AnticipatedPriceDecreaseinLeasedLinesLimitsOverallRevenueGrowthLeasedLines-ISPMarketSize(RMBB)15TotalLeasedLines-Mobile99’-04’CAGRAccessPortsLeasedLines-Paging1818202226284%41%1%152%(1)9%(1)01’-04’CAGRSource:CNCteaminputs;foreignbenchmarks;BCGanalysisDarkFiber68%(1)CARRIERSSEEKINGALTERNATIVES...ISPsdefinitelyseekingalternativestoCTMobilecarrierslikelytofollow“Weneedatelecomserviceproviderthatisnotourcompetitor.”- Founder,Eastnet“ChinaTelecom,withtheirownnetworkdevelopmentplans,tendstostarveusoncapacityortoforceustopayinadvanceforexcesscapacity.”- Manager,Infohighway“ThefactthatittakesChinaTelecomtwomonthseverytimeweneedanextralinemakesitverydifficulttohaveourowncustomers.Wewantanotheroperatorwhocangetusleasedlinesfast.”- Manager,InfohighwayMobilecarriersmightconsiderdivertingpartoftheirtraffictoalternativeserviceproviderswith:moreattractivepricinghigherqualityservicehigherbandwidthInterviewswithregionalmobilecarriersandUnicomneedtobeconductedtoverifypotentialPREDICTEDWHOLESALEECONOMICSADDSIGNIFICANTVALUETOVOIPBUSINESSMODEL
AdditionalCapExandOpExMinimal5yearPV(1)(MRMB)CapEXOpExRevenue5yearNPV@15%:~2.1BRMB5yearIRR:~40%WholesalecriticaltoenhancingprofitabilityofbackboneVOIPBackboneallocationDarkFiberAccessportsISPsMobileoperatorsVOIPVOIPISPaccessOSS(1)Assuming15%costofcapitalSource:BCGbenchmarkdatabase;industryinterviews;BCGanalysisOSS/provisioningPresentvalueofcashflows8,0007,0005,0001,0006,000-3,000-4,000AGENDABusinessModelsDomesticandinternationallong-distancevoiceWholesale/carrierEnterprisesolutionsIssuesgoingforwardAPPROACHTOENTERPRISESOLUTIONSBUSINESSMODELObjectivesHypothesizedApproachCapturestrongshareamongmedium/largebusinessbyofferingenhanceddatacomsolutionsGoaltoestablishclearpositionasbestservice/qualityproviderinmajormarketsUtilizemostcosteffectivedeploymenttechnologiestocovermajormetroareasMinimizehead-to-headcompetitionbyofferingdifferentiated,data-centricproducts--attempttodrivedatacommarketDevelopimageasfast,responsivesolutionsproviderEnablecompetitiveadvantageforbusinesscustomersthroughdatacomForbuildingmanagers:maketheirbuildingsmoreattractivetotenantsDeploymenttotargetkeybuildingsinmajormetropolitanareasFourcitiesbyyear2000/01Top15citiesby2001Fiberinmostdenseurbanhi-riseareasandLMDStocomplementandservelessdenseareasInitialleadproductswillbelowcostvoiceoverIPandhighbandwidthinternetaccessMigrationtofulldatacomsolutionsascustomerbaseandcapabilitiesgrowQualitycustomerservicemoreimportantshorttermthanfullproductofferingEmphasisoneaseofuseandfastprovisioningversuscompetitors--exploitCT’sweaknessesEducationofcustomersonuseofdatacomproductsascompetitiveweaponsMarketingpartnerwithkeybuildingmanagersENTERPRISESOLUTIONSBUSINESSMODELMOSTCOMPLEXWITHHIGHCAPEXANDOPEXREQUIREMENTS...BuildingmetropolitanfiberringstoofferaccesstomediumandlargebusinessesposessignificantchallengeOperatingexpensesrequireddwarfslonghaulnetworkcostsonapercitybasisComplexityinobtainingnight-of-wayvariesbydistrictswithineachcityDesigningfiberrouteandnetworkconfigurationrequiressignificantexperienceConvertingcustomerstofullCNCservicemaynotbeaseasyasitseemsonsurfaceInitialriskforcompaniesutilizingnewentrantCoverageissuesforofferingservicetoallbusinesslocationsExperiencedsales-forcewithestablishedrelationshipsamust…BUTCOMPRISESTREMENDOUSUPSIDEPOTENTIALInternetAccessLeasedLinesILDDLDLocalOtherPortalBroadbandContentWebHosting/CollocationExistingServicesEmergingServices98-04CAGR124%40%-10%7%11%IPVPNBroadbandNetworkApplications71%83%186%98%111%286%00-04CAGRMarketsize(RMBBN)Marketsize(RMBBN)7896187Overall16%Overall86%332Source:CNCteaminputs;foreignbenchmarks;BCGanalysisCNCSHOULDUSECREATIVEWAYSTOGROWTHEMARKET,AVOIDHEADTOHEADCOMPETITIONCompetitorsallfocusonthesamedemandfromthesamecustomersSavagelycompeteonpriceReactivelywaitforcustomerstoidentifyneed,requestproductsPursuegrowingcustomers-dataintensiveenterprisesFreshopportunitiesforsales,insteadofcompetingoverexistingbusinessApproachproactivelywithnewproducts,insteadofwaitingforcustomerstoinitiatesalesprocessCreativelyidentifynewmarketsI.e.marketforcompaniesrequiringveryrapidprovisioningorcustomizedproductsBecometheonlychoiceforthesecompaniesLobbythegovernmenttosupportmoree-commerceandinformationindustriesgrowthCTCNCUnicomJitongCTislikelytobeunabletomeetgrowingdemandaloneTraditional,narrowviewNewapproachestogrowingsalesTOTALGDPVS.GDP/CAPITAISAPRELIMINARYINDICATORFORATTRACTIVELOCALACCESSMARKETS
Example:15InitialCitieswithPOPsonCNCNetworkShanghaiBeijingGuangzhouTianjinHangzhouWuhanNanjingJinanShijiazhuangZhenzhouChangshaXuzhouXiamenFuzhouShenzhenExamplesofadditionalcitiesnotininitial15designatedforCNCPOPsHypotheticalbreakevencurveforbuildinglocalaccessSuzhouWuxiTotalGDP(kRMB)GDP/cap(kRMB)VERYDENSEMARKETSSUCHASSHANGHAIBESTSERVEDBYMETROFIBERRINGSMPOP/railstationHongQiaoDevelopmentAreaPeople’sparkHuaiHaiRoadXujiahuiPudongFinancialZoneFiberlength:Alongsubway:Alongelevatedringroad:Alongroad:17000m9000m8000m#ofmajorbusinessbuildingsaccessed:~200FibersalongSubwayinconstructionSubwayElevatedringroadRoad(digrequired)DenseBusinessAreaservedMetrostationsMMMSHANGHAIECONOMICSVERYATTRACTIVEDUETOHIGHBUILDINGANDBUSINESSDENSITY5yearPV(1)(MRMB)CapEXOpExRevenue5yearNPV@15%:~310MRMB5yearIRR:~70%ShanghaipresentsmostattractiveenterprisesolutionsmarketSG&AAllocatedbackboneIDDEmergingdata(3)DLDDataservicesSONET/switchingequipmentOSSAllocatedbackbone(2)(1)Assuming15%costofcapital(2)CostofprovidingF/RandATMserviceonbackboneallocatedoverfirst4cities(3)WebhostingIPVPNS,etc.Source:BCGbenchmarkdatabase;industryinterviews;BCGanalysis;realestateagencyinterviews;fieldanalysisPowerprovisioning,etc.FiberconstructionRightofwayPresentvalueofcashflowsMEDIUMSIZEDCITIESWITHHIGHGDP/CAPITASUCHASFUZHOUBESTSERVEDWITHLMDSSOLUTIONFiberlength:Alongroad:#LMDSstation:5000M1Areaserved(1):#ofmajorbusinessbuildingscovered:~40km2~40(2)LakeFiberalongroadRailwayRailwaystationRoadLMDSstationMajorbuildingsAreaservedRS(1)MoredetailedfieldanalysisrequiredtomapbuildingsandmosteffectiveLMDSpositioning;assumes3.5kmradiusforLMDSarea(2)AssumehalfofthebuildingsareprimebusinessbuildingsforeconomicmodelingSRPRELIMINARYFUZHOUECONOMICSUTILIZINGLMDSVERYFAVORABLE5yearPV(1)(MRMB)CapEXOpExRevenue5yearNPV@15%:~20MRMB5yearIRR:~60%LMDSsolutionsformediumsizedcitieswillplayacriticalroleindevelopingenterprisesolutionsSG&APower,provisioning,etc.IDDEmergingdataservicesDLDDataservicesBasestationCPE(1)Assuming15%costofcapitalSource:BCGbenchmarkdatabase;industryinterviews;BCGanalysis;realestateagencyprovideddataBldgequipmentSpectrumfeesFibertoPOPPresentvalueofcashflowsOTHERCITIESOFSIZEABLEPOPULATIONBUTRELATIVELYLOWGDP/CAPITAMAYNOTWARRANTINVESTMENT
Example:ShijiazhuangNofiberconnectionrequired,assumerailstationisLMDSbase1Areaserved(1):#ofmajorbusinessbuildingscovered:~40km2~20(2)RailwayRoadLMDSstationMajorbuildingsAreaservedSS(1)MoredetailedfieldanalysisrequiredtomapbuildingsandmosteffectiveLMDSpositioning;assumes3.5kmradiusforLMDSarea(2)AssumehalfofthebuildingsareprimebusinessbuildingsforeconomicmodelingOVERALLECONOMICSAPPEARMARGINALFORSHIJIAZHUANG5yearPV(1)(MRMB)CapEXOpExRevenue5yearNPV@15%:~-3MRMB5yearIRR:~5%CitieswithoutdensebusinessdistrictsmaynotbeattractiveenterprisemarketsregardlessofoverallsizeSG&APower,provisioning,etc.IDDEmergingdataservicesDLDDataservicesBasestation(1)Assuming15%costofcapitalSource:BCGbenchmarkdatabase;industryinterviews;BCGanalysis;realestateagencyprovideddataSpectrumCPEBldg.equipmentPresentvalueofcashflowsOVERALLREVENUEANDMARKETSHAREEXPECTATIONS:ENTERPRISESOLUTIONSPredominatelyvoice(DLD/ILD)revenueinthefirsttwoyears;migratingtodataandInternetservicesby2002CNCrevenue(RMBBN)InternetAccessLeasedLinesILDDLDShareassumptionsOtherEmergingServicesWebHosting/CollocationSource:CNCteaminputs;foreignbenchmarks;BCGanalysis19993%80%1%3%80%1%0%0%0%0%0%0%DLDOff-netshareoftotalDLDGeographiccoverageofCNCCNCsharewithincoverageILDOff-netshareoftotalILDGeographiccoverageofCNCCNCsharewithincoverageLeasedLinesGeographiccoverageofCNCCNCsharewithincoverageInternetAccessBroadbandNarrowband/Dial-UpWebHosting/CollocationOtherEmergingServices200010%60%25%11%60%25%30%2%2%0%0%0%200117%75%29%18%75%29%47%10%10%0%5%1%200223%90%33%26%90%33%63%14%14%0%8%2%200330%100%30%33%100%30%80%18%18%0%10%4%200432%100%28%35%100%28%82%21%21%0%13%6%OVERALLECONOMICSATTRACTIVEFORPHASEIBUILDOUTINTOPFOURCITIES5yearPVs(MRMB)CapExOpExRevenue5yearcityNPV5yearIRRShanghaiBeijingGuangzhouShenzhenTotal1451491579554650444740033216839607686404802848311172835370%45%30%28%OverallPhaseI5yearNPV:~620MRMB5yearIRR:~44%Source:BCGbenchmarkdatabase;industryinterviews;BCGanalysisGOINGFORWARD,CITIESWILLNEEDTOBEANALYZEDONACASEBYCASEBASISDeploymenttechnologywillplayacriticalroleMethodology/criteriaforchoosinglocalaccessmarketsInitialprioritizationbytotalGDPvs.GDP/capitaRelevanceandproximitytoCNCnetworkMapurbanareabybiggestbuildingsandavailabilityofexistingconduitsDetermineifdensityfallsintooneofthethreedensitycategoriesEstimatecostsandrevenueassociatedwithbuildout1.2.3.4.5.Goornogo!CosttodeliverenterprisesolutionsIncreasingbusinessdensityandareaIntermediatedensitybestservedbyLMDSVerydenseandlargeareabestservedbyfiberToocostlytoserveFiberLMDSRECAPOFOVERALLPHASEIECONOMICSANDKEYISSUESEnterpriseSolutions21.1B3.2B(38%)1.2BBusinesses/km2DatagrowthIGW/connectivityDeploymentcitiesRealisticrolloutBuildouteconomicsfor15citiesvs.connectivityvalueWholesale/Carrier100M2.3B(27%)2.1BMobileshareInternetgrowthIGW/connectivityVoiceQOSRegulatorybackingCostofdeploymentvs.serviceflexibilityLongdistancevoice3.8B3B(35%)--SettlementchargesPricing/competitionIGW/connectivityManaginglifecycleBusinesssolutionsEconomicsof60VOIPcitiesvs.strategicvalueofcoverageEconomics1CapEx2004Revenue(%oftotal)5YRNPV3KeyIssues
SensitivityTopissuestoaddressTradeoffs(1)AllvaluesinRMBandbasedonpreliminaryinputstoberefined(2)IncludesonlyPhaseIbuildouttotop15cities(3)Assuming15%costofcapitalAGENDABusinessModelsDomesticandinternationallong-distancevoiceWholesale/carrierEnterprisesolutionsIssuesgoingforwardEMERGINGOPPORTUNITIESEXISTFORCONSUMERISPANDADVANCEDDATASERVICESResidentialISPCNCmaybeinuniquepositiontooffertruebroadbandinternetaccessduetoIPnetworkandinternationalgatewayWhatstrategieswillcapturesignificantvaluewhileminimizingdevelopmenttimeandnecessityforbrandequity?WebHosting/DataCentersNichecompetitorssuchasExodusintheU.S.aggressivelypursuingthisbusinessmodelWillopportunitiesdevelopintheneartermforChinaandcouldCNCsupplyresourcesnecessary?E-commercesolutionsManytelcosinEuropeandU.S.offeringe-commercesolutionsWillopportunitiesdevelopintheneartermforChinaandcouldCNCsupplyresourcesnecessary?Datacomservicesexplosion
SlowedadoptionStablecompetitionwithCT,Unicom,andJitong;clearregulationsIncreasedcompetitionwithlimitedcooperationfromCTFragmented,unstablecompetition;multipleentrantsandunclearregulationsBasecaseBestWorstDemandsideCompetitive/RegulatorySituation(Supplyside)ENVIRONMENTALUNCERTAINTIESLEADTOTHREEBASICSCENARIOSTOBEANALYZEDGrowthinexistingdataandandemergingdatacomservices(asexpected)MONTECARLOSIMULATIONWILLALLOWFORGAUGINGTHEEFFECTSOFUNCERTAINTIESIMPLIEDINSCENARIOS
Example:EffectofAverageBuildingSize,Tier1BusinessProportion&SpendingonShanghaiMetroAccessEconomicsEstablishInputVariables25,000.0028,750.0032,500.0036,250.0040,000.00Averagebuildingsize(m2)MinMostlikelyMax7.5%11.3%15.0%18.8%22.5%%Tier1businessesMinMostlikelyMax300.00350.00400.00450.00500.00Averagespending/sqmforTier1(RMB)MinMostlikelyMaxProbabilityMonteCarlosimulationof1000trialswith5yearNPVasforecastoutputFrequencyChartCertaintyis95.00%from$238,500to$558,816000RMBMean=$381,016.000.023.046.068.091022.7545.568.2591$150,000$262,500$375,000$487,500$600,0001,
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2026年航運風險管理實務培訓
- 2026年檔案管理數(shù)字化轉型培訓
- 2026年房地產投資與財務自由的關系
- 2025年北大康奈爾筆試及答案
- 2025年悉尼駕照筆試題庫及答案
- 2025年秦漢中學招聘教師筆試及答案
- 2025年維修電工面試筆試題及答案
- 2025年蘭西管理崗事業(yè)編考試題及答案
- 2026年河北水利發(fā)展集團有限公司公開招聘工作人員1名筆試參考題庫及答案解析
- 2025年洪山街道招聘筆試題庫及答案
- 總公司與分公司承包協(xié)議6篇
- 鋼結構防火涂料應用技術規(guī)程TCECS 24-2020
- 民事答辯狀(信用卡糾紛)樣式
- 橋梁施工現(xiàn)場文明施工方案
- 數(shù)字媒體藝術設計專業(yè)畢業(yè)設計任務書
- JJF(晉) 117-2025 飲用水售水機校準規(guī)范
- 國家建設工程項目施工安全生產標準化工地
- 華為財務報銷培訓課件
- 2025年福建省中考英語試卷真題及答案詳解(精校打印版)
- 《鐵路運輸調度》課件全套 孫建暉 第1-5章 貨物列車編組計劃- 調度工作分析
- 解讀《華為數(shù)據(jù)之道》
評論
0/150
提交評論