人類學(xué)Today'slecturewillcenteronprehistoricpeopleoftheNevadadesert.Now,mostoftheseprehistoricdesertpeoplemovedacrossthecountrysidethroughouttheyear.Youmightthinkthattheywerewanderingaimlessly---farfromit!Theyactuallyfollowedaseriesofcarefullynnedmoves.Wheretheymoveddependedonwherefoodwasavailable---ceswherentswereripeningorfishwerespawning.Nowoftenwhenthesepeoplemoved,theycarriedalltheirpossessionsontheirbacks,butifthejourneywaslong,extrafoodandtoolsweresometimesstoredincavesorbeneathrocks.Oneofthesecavesisnowanexcitingarchaeologicalsite.Beyonditssmallopeningisahugeundergroundgrotto.Eventhoughthecave'sverylarge,itwascertainlytoodarkanddustyforthetravelerstolivein---butitwasagreatcetohidethings,andtremendousamountsoffoodsandartifactshavebeenfoundthere.Thefoodincludesdriedfish,seeds,andnuts.Theartifactsincludestonespearpointsandknives;thespearpointsareactuallyrathersmall.Here'sapictureofsomethatwerefound.Youcanseetheirsizeinrelationtothehandsholdingthem.Well,iftherearenomorequestionsIwouldliketocontinueourdiscussionofhumanevolutionbylookingatHomoerectus,theearliestofourancestorswhostoodupright.Homoerectuslivedaboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagoandwasgiventhatnamebecause,atthetimethefirstfossilwasdiscovered,itrepresentedthefirstprimatetostandupright.ThereisevidencenowthatHomoerectushadsharpermentalskillsthantheirpredecessors.Theyconstructedthefirststandardizedtoolforhuntingandbutchering.Theycreatedanextraordinarystoneimplement,alargeteardrop-shapedhandaxwhosedesignandsymmetryrevealakeensenseofaesthetics.Thisdetailing,alongwiththeax'sutilitarianvalue,stronglysuggestthatHomoerectushadtheabilitytoconceiveofandexecuteadesigntospecification.Inaddition,Homoerectuswasthefirsthominid[HAHmuhnid]tousefire.Thisdiscoveryenticedthemtocookmeat,whichtheycouldflavorandkeepfromspillingbyflame,andwhichpaleontologistsnowbelievemayhavegiventhemanewdisease.SomefossilbonesofHomoerectusaregrosslydeformed,andpaleontologistshavenotedthatthisconditionissimilartothatfoundinpeopletodaywhohavebeenexposedtochronicoverdosesofvitaminA.ApparentlyHomoerectusfirstgotthisdiseasebyeatinglargeamountsofanimalliver.IunderstandyourprofessorhasbeendiscussingseveralEasternWoodlandntribesinyourstudyofNativeAmericancultures.Asyouhaveprobablylearned,theEasternWoodlandnsgettheirnamefromthe-coveredareasoftheEasternUnitedStateswheretheylived.TheearliestWoodlandculturesdateback9,000years,butthegroupwe'llfocusondatesbackonlytoabout700A.D.WenowcalltheseNativeAmericanstheMississippianculture,becausetheysettledintheMississippiRivervalley.Thiscivilizationisknownforitsflat-toppedmonumentscalledtemplemounds.Theywere【福利時(shí)間】建議參加保分班，掃描下面QQ80+90+、（保分低于80分我們是的ofearthandusedastemplesandofficialresidences.Thetemplemoundswerelocatedinthecentralsquareofthecity,withthehutsofthetownspeoplebuiltinrowsaroundtheza.TheMississippianpeoplewerecitydwellers.Butsomecityresidentsearnedtheirlivingasfarmers,tendingthefieldsofcorn,beans,andsquashthatsurroundedthecity.Thecity'sartisansmadea