入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargeephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornentnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4 behaviorofthewomenintheHawthornent.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot whatwasdoneintheexperiment;somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11 toeconometrictheysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehavelet interpretationofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenstartedstartedagainonMonday, rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturday toriseforthenextcoupleofdays. ,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday, tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before teauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.1.[A]affected [B]achieved [C]extracted 2.[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off3.[A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing [C]mischievous[D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements[B]exnations [C]accounts [D]assessments6.[A] [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7.[A]asfar[B]forfear[C]incase[D]solong8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A]Contrary [B]Consistentwith[C]Parallelwith[D]Peculiar13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A]Incontrast [B]Forexample [C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started 18.[A]Therefore [B]Furthermore [C]However 19.[A]attempted [B]tended [C]chose [D]intended20.[A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingSection ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)OfOfallthechangesthathavetakenceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationWeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorlirygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,” wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunay,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2thatartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartshigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismonNewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedbycasualradicalWhichofthefollowingwouldShaw mostprobablyagreeItiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalisticItiscontemptibleforwriterstobeWritersarelikelytobetemptedintoNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticWhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreadersHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeeninHisstylecaterslargelytomodernHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheNewspapersoftheGoodOldTheLostHorizoninMournfulDeclineofProminentCriticsinOverthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.receivedoneforits"one-click"onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.OneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingaNowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompleyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasinlectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is"averybigdeal",saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents."Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfi armedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt",saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawBusiness-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseoftheirlimitedvaluetotheirconnectionwithassetthepossiblerestrictionontheirthecontroversyoverWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskiItsrulingcomplieswiththecourtItinvolvesaverybigbusinessIthasbeendismissedbytheFederalItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheTheword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeanslossofgoodincreaseofchangeofenhancementofWelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodareimmunetolegalareoftenunnecessarilylowertheesteemforpatentincreasetheincidenceofWhichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectoftheAloomingthreattobusiness-methodProtectionforbusiness-methodpatentAlegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodAprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodInhisbookTheTipPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texinhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"twostepflowofcommunication":Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexinthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelowhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.AnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandriveIntheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon'tseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinter al,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinctwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,each soaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinter alinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsbyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedBycitingthebookTheTipPoint,theauthorintendsto[A]yzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentialsTheauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidityWhattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthatthepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialin allinkscanbeenhancedthroughtheinfluentialshavemorechannelstoreachthemostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaTheunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswhostayoutsidethenetworkofsocialhavelittlecontactwiththesourceofareinfluencedandtheninfluenceareinfluencedbytheinitialWhatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialTheeagernesstobeTheimpulsetoinfluenceothers.[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers.Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,havedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunay,banks'lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmoredomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheir estatement.BobHerz,theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho"questionourmotives."Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppoliycalls"theuseofjudgmentbymanagement."EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallnning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.McCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid"notliveinapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealword"andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongnet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America'snewntobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecialinterests.ButbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreBankers inedthatthey dtofollowunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassetsAccordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultinthediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebanks’long-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependenceAccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattempttokeepawayfrompoliticalinfluences[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers[C]actontheirowninrule-setting[D]takegradualmeasuresinreformTheauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongnet”inthattheymisinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassetsTheauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneofPartForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkincesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,astherecessioneatingathomearealisticalternative.RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?Definiynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimaybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketinginligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas"horeca":hos,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.PartCReadReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentstranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10.Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymlsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon"worthless"species.Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-mindedersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimbercrops.(49)InEurope,whereryisecologicallymoreadvanced, mercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofcommunity,tobe assuch,within(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.SectionⅢPartYouaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"postgraduateassociation"instead.PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,you initsintended initsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(202010年招生考試英語（一）答案詳SectionIUseof

一、文章題材結構分析霍桑工廠所做的產(chǎn)業(yè)實驗，并實驗以一個名叫“霍桑效應”的結論而告終。所記載的描述相反的結論。第四段分析了造成錯誤結論的原因，并在最后“所謂的‘霍桑效應’二、試題解析extractedrestored【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨(end)up最終成為/(endwith【答案】經(jīng)過一個漫長的過程）”。填入空白處后，句子的意思為：這些研究最終以得到一個被冠之以“霍桑效應”的結論而告終。故本題選B。truthproof；證【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨其同位語；idea后的thatideathevery3changedsubject’sbehavior；ofbeingexperimentedupon作本題所填詞的定語。根據(jù)上下文的語義可知，C為本題正確答案。本題所在的部分大意為：這個十分具有的結論認為，僅僅是被試驗這一行為就足以使實驗客體的表現(xiàn)發(fā)生變化。其它三項，從語法上都能與ofbeingexperimentedupon連用，但放入空中語義不通，故C為正確答案。【考點】上下文語義銜接+形容詞辨B。exnations解釋；說accountsassessments評定；估【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨析含義固然重要，但只要抓住了theirhourlyoutputrosewhen…butalsowhen…這句話所暗含的“兩種情況的對比”，也有助于用排除法辨別出干擾項。故正確答案為C。concludeindicate【答案】【考點】句間邏輯關系+固定結構Itdidn’tmatterItdoesn’tdidn’tmatter意為“……”it為形式主語，真正的主指代的對象，故排除這兩項。Dwork意為“起作用”時，為不及物動詞，但填入后不符合上下文語義，故也排除。所以本題的正確答案為B。forfearthat；害incasethatsolongas【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+固定短率就會提高”。solongas表示“只要”，常用于引導條件狀語從句，表明主句發(fā)生的動作以從句談論達somethingwaschanged和productivityrose之間的邏輯關系即可。其它三個短語都能引導狀語從句。C項incasethat中的that可以省略，該短語有兩種用法：1）用作連詞，表示條件，其意為“如果，萬一”；2）用作連詞表示目的，其意為“以防，免得”。B項其后所接的從句多為虛擬語氣，如Sheputsablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.A項asfar但是放在空中，語義都不通順，故D為正確答案?！敬鸢浮究键c】復雜句子成分+名詞辨說明。由此看出，只有A項awareness“意識”符合上下文語義和語境。該句表達的意思是，只要人們suitable適當?shù)?；相配excessive過分abundant【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+固定搭配【解析】C。enough本身雖為簡單詞匯，但短語beenoughtodosth.“足夠做某事”卻是?？冀Y構。加上其它三個選項所形成的搭配或近義干擾，本題則需準確理解上下文意思才能作答。Asuitablebe…todo的結構，形成搭配干擾，但填入該項后，上下文語義不銜接。Bexcessive“過分的，極度的”填入后句意不通。Dabundant“充裕的；豐富的”形成近義干擾，但該詞不用于be…todo結構，abundant大多數(shù)情況下是指某一地區(qū)的資源的豐富程度的，放在本空中，明顯不合適。故本題的正確選項C。foroneself為自己[Con【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+固定搭配【解析】本題考查的是“介詞+onesef”的用法。反身代詞與不同的介詞連用，可表達不同的意思。本題的關鍵是在于弄清iself所指代的對象。本題所在的句子是Anawarenesseeedtobeenoughtoalerworker’sbehavioritef.itef代指句子的主語awarenes。首先排除C項on，該詞不能與oneelf構成固定搭配；A、B兩項代入原文后，句子意思不通順，故也排除。結合前兩個題的分析，本句的大致意思是：僅憑意識本身，就足以改變工人們的行為了。故本題的正確答案是D(becomparedto)(beshownto)(【答案【考點】動詞辨【解析】空格所在的主語是thesamedata,介詞to后面的賓語為：economic 句意的只有C選項?！敬鸢浮究键c】上下文語義銜接+短語辨容應該是與記錄中的一些描述相悖，因此需要一個表示轉折的連接詞。只有A項Contraryto表示【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨find構成動賓搭配。只有A項evidence【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨上看，該項符合語境所要表達的意思，從后面的舉例中也可以看出。所以本題的正確答案為D。ForexampleInconsequenceAsusual【考點】上下文邏輯銜接+短語辨【解析】本題考查了句間邏輯關系。段落首句總說，接著后面的內容舉例子進行說明。顯然是括”到“具體”的關系。首先可排除D，asusual與后面的always。而A表示對比，C表明前后句為“因”與“果”的關系；均不符合題意。故正確答案為B選項?！敬鸢浮究键c】上下文邏輯銜接+副詞辨故A為正確選項。failedtodo)ceasedtodo)startedtodo)【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨【解析】and同時根據(jù)前半句的dulyrose可知，該處需要的是與原文一致性的概念。而continue表示“繼續(xù)”，具有遞進的關系。因此，D為正確選項?！敬鸢浮究键c】句間邏輯關系+副詞辨有進行實驗時”得出的數(shù)據(jù)之間的對比就找到了本題的突破口。本句的意思為“當對沒有實驗的是C選項。choseto)【考點】上下文語義銜接+固定搭【解析】forthefirstfewdays和when可以看出，本題是在說明一種常規(guī)的事實，所以選B。tendtodosth在這里譯作“常?！?。填入后該部分的意思為“無論情況如何，工人們常常在【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動賓搭【解析】所填入的詞需與ateau構成動賓搭配。teau在此取其“穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)”之意。本題所在的句之前，隨后”，其后跟了兩個含先后順序的動名詞結構。既然有“接著松懈下來（thenslackingoff）”這一情況出現(xiàn)，說明，在這之前有一個“緊張”的過程，由此可推測20ateau所要表達的含義。Aeau)強調的是“艱辛、費力的往上爬”或“（價格）上漲”，用在此也不合適。C項surpassing(ateau)“超過一種穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)”也不合適。而D選項填入空中后，意思是：“……隨后達到一種穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)，三、全文翻譯在1924年，國家研究（NRC）派出兩名工程師到位于芝加哥附近的一個大型機部件生SectionIIReadingPart一、文章題材結構分二、試題解【答案】【考點】地判斷出文章的中心：themostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessof過于絕對，第一段中的“decline”，原文只是說“下降”，沒有說“”（disappear）。C項“高項，原文marvel意思是“大為驚訝（常含贊嘆之意）”，表明其實讀者是贊同：這些評論可以在報紙上登的。這里的doubt表示懷疑，所以與marvel意思相反。[A]自由【答案【考點】事實細【解析】根據(jù)題干中的時間提示詞：WorldWarII ”的解釋是unrestricted，所以兩個詞是文中的indetailandatlength“詳細的”，serious“嚴肅的”，calling“對做某項工作的強烈或責任但是“l(fā)ayout”(布局)無中生有，所以本題與原文不相符合。D項中“radical”是“激進的”，無中生[A]實現(xiàn)業(yè)的目標是作家的職責。[B]作家成為是值得鄙視的。【答案】【考點】【解析】首先，我們根據(jù)題干中的人名Shawand 定位到第三段結尾處。第三段末句了的觀點“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorli rygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenot可以把答案確定為D。A項中“journalisticgoals”(業(yè)的目標)，無中生有。B項中“作家成為是值得鄙視的”與原文中的proud（自豪的）相反。C項中“作者容易被業(yè)吸引”，是不對的，因為原文說的是被define“journalism”as…所吸引，而不是被journalism所吸引?！敬鸢浮俊究键c】for相當于notappealto，同時本選項還有may，這個語氣委婉的詞，因為正確答案語氣委婉。干擾選項B，原文沒有提到他的名聲有爭議，所以無中生有。C項，“他的風格符合現(xiàn)在的專家”與本段最后一句相。D項移花接木，是利用最后一句話編造的選項?！敬鸢浮俊究键c】【解析】第一段說：過去這些年英語報紙上所發(fā)生的最有的變化可能是藝術評論在范圍和嚴肅性上的（decline），符合考研閱讀在第一段提出文章中心的特點。所以B項“報紙行業(yè)的消項“令人惋惜的業(yè)的”，本選項的錯誤類型和A項一樣。D項“中的杰出的評論家”，【補充】考研閱讀的文章中心通常在文章首段提出，最遲在第二段首句出現(xiàn)三、長難句分析“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorli rygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswho【解析sothat句型，表示“如此……以至于”，在句子中離得比較遠，在翻譯的arenotreadtowriterswhoarewhoarenotreadwritersread為形容詞有學問的，也就是說這些writers根本沒有學問，那么是對于說沒有學問呢？towriterswhoare。此處whoare的后面省略了read，就是說，對于有學問的作家