高考英語---短文改錯【一、考點(diǎn)分析】短文改錯共10個題，每個題1分，共10分。短文改錯是集語法知識與語言技能為一體的綜合性英語試題，目的在于考察學(xué)生對語言的評價及校正的能力以及對詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力?？疾祀y度：一般來說，短文的內(nèi)容比較簡單，結(jié)構(gòu)也不復(fù)雜，但測試點(diǎn)覆蓋面廣，設(shè)計的問題往往是考生容易忽視或在寫作中經(jīng)常出錯的地方。2.文章材料：近幾年來，短文改錯的材料貼近學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活，談?wù)摰亩际呛蛯W(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活有關(guān)的話題。材料中沒有生僻、超綱的詞匯。詞數(shù)在100-120左右，以記敘文為主。設(shè)題角度從語法、句法、行文邏輯三個角度考察學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用知識的準(zhǔn)確性?！径?、知識框架】&解題思路:首先要通讀全文，確定好文章的時態(tài)。然后逐句找錯，仔細(xì)推敲。注意先易后難，先把確定的錯誤找出來?？谠E“冠名行動附帶連接數(shù)”這8個方面進(jìn)行改錯。重讀全文，仔細(xì)推敲改正后的短文。讀起來是否通順，邏輯思維與短文脈絡(luò)是否合理，詞匯的用法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理。&格局修改：共8處增加：僅1處刪除：僅1處&注意每句錯誤最多2處不改標(biāo)點(diǎn)，不改語序，不改大小寫，不改拼寫。只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不算分&分析角度詞法內(nèi)容。包括冠詞、名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格，反身代詞，動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)，非謂語動詞、短語動詞的用法，不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式，形容詞的比較級，形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別，介詞的誤用等。2.句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致。并列連詞，從屬連詞等引導(dǎo)各種從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，感嘆句，疑問句，祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句等。3.行文邏輯，因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列，還包括句子的肯定、否定?！救?、典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】短文改錯是有一定規(guī)律可循的，縱觀近幾年的高考試題以及我們平常做的模擬試題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)短文改錯主要有以下十種錯誤：形容詞與副詞常見的錯誤類型有：形容詞與副詞誤用，如exciting與excited，hard與hardly，possible與possibly等比較級最高級的誤用以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞誤用真題演練：1.Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.2.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.3.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.4.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.5.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.6.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.7.Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.8.Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.9.IamveryexcitingbecauseIgetanewT-shirt.10.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.11.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)；1：該用復(fù)數(shù)用了單數(shù)2：不可數(shù)名詞加s名詞做定語：thebeautifulgirlthebabygirl名詞+s=意思改變works作品goods商品news新聞可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式出錯——注意修飾詞，如many，all，some，several，many，various，different，afew，few,oneof，等需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.Happybirthday,Peter,andmanyhappyreturnoftheday!2.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.3.Unfortunately,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.4.Butoneandahalfyearlater,InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.5.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess,butitdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.6.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,Englishandphysics.7.Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayinganothercoupleofday.8.Aseveryoneknows.it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimal.9.WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.10.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.11.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears.12.WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits．13.I’dliketostayingthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestorpracticingmyEnglishaswell.不可數(shù)名詞使用了復(fù)數(shù)形式，或前面用了a/an。常見不可數(shù)名詞：news，information，work,advice,progress,weather,fun,luck,music,health，change，baggage，luggage，equipment,furniture,jewellery,knowledge等。1.Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesome

advicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.2.Withlotsofinformations,wecanlearneverythingifwewant.a/an+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)......（×）固定搭配出錯1.Third,sinceIwasfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.2.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.3.Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.名詞所有格1.Jamesusedtobeafriendofme.2.Heisafriendofmymother.3.Aftertenhour’srest,hewentonworking.詞性混用1.Also,thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.2.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry．3.Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricathome.連詞常見的錯誤類型有：并列連詞誤用，如and/or/but誤用，though與but連用等從屬連詞誤用，如定語從句中which，that，when，where等混淆不清缺少或多余連詞真題演練：OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.2.Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.3.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.4.Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.5.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.代詞代詞的主格和賓格（I/me，he/him，she/her，we/us，they/them）錯誤；反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤；代詞指代錯誤；多代詞或少代詞。如you與your，it's與its，it與them或者they，one與ones，賓格（如me）與反身代詞（myself），other與another等的誤用。定語從句中關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞誤用不定代詞誤用Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.2.Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.3.Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.介詞常見的錯誤類型有：介詞誤用，如in與on，to與for，instead與insteadof，because與becauseof等介詞缺少或多余真題演練：1.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.2.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.3.Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.4.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.冠詞常見的錯誤類型有：a、an和the的誤用真題演練：Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.2.Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.3.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.4.Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeat

thattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.5.ThereislibraryineverytowninBritain.6.HaveyoureadbooksbyMarkTwain?7.Heoftenplaysthefootball.8.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesaway.9.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.數(shù)詞常見的錯誤類型有：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞誤用Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,Iwantedtobeateacher.2.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,…動詞動詞時態(tài)1.

My

sister

saw

a

lovely

cup

when

we

are

shopping

the

other

day.

2.At

that

time,

I

was

used

to

be

poor

in

chemistry.

3.I

just

come

back

from

Britain

last

week.4.I

am

an

outgoing

girl

who

like

communicating

with

others.

5.However,

if

we

stress

cooperation

too

much,

there

would

be

no

progress.6.Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.7.ShestoppedtolookoutofthewindowandfindTomcomingup.8.

When

I

first

learned

to

write

in

English,

I

run

into

many

difficulties.9.Ifitwon'train,wewillgotovisitthezoo.10.Thenewsecretarywillsupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshearrives.11.WhenIwasatcollegeIspokenthreeforeignlanguages,butIhadforgottenallexceptafewwordsofeach.12.Thepolicefoundthatthehousehasbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.13.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrain.14.Maryismakingadresswhenshecutherfinger.15.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.16.Youcanjointheclubwhenyouwillgetabitolder.17.Motherpromisedshewillbuymeabike.18.ThelasttimeIsawJane,shewaspickedcottoninthefields.19.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthatheleaveofficesoon.20.Thedoctoradvisedhimtotakemorerest,buthedidn'tlistenhim.21.ThestudentswerewritingbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshehasleftintheoffice.22.ThereportersaidthattheUFOwastravelledeasttowestwhenhesawit.動詞語態(tài)Whenhewasyoung,heusuallygoesclimbing.Youdosaythatyouwouldlendmesomemoneyyesterday.Hardlyhadthedoctorgonetobedwhenthereisaknockonthedoor.Mywatchgotbreak,whileIwasplayingbasketball.I'minterestedinEnglish,soIspokeitbetterthantheItisalready10yearssincehebecomesalawyer.TheteachertoldusthatChinawasintheeastofAsia.Tomtoldmethathehasjustbeenaskedwhathewasdoingduringtheholidays.Thefirstrailwayintheworldwasdesigninginthelastcentury.Ithasbeenrainedforthepastfewweeks.Begyourpardon,butIdon'tquitecatchwhatyousaid.Ifyouwon'twanttotakeataxi,youcangobybus.Wherehaveyoubeenallthistime?Thetrainwasabouttoleave.Hello,thisisMrGreen’soffice.Wewerecallingtoremindyouofyour4:15appointmenttomorrowafternoon.Irushoverwithoutdelay,jumpedintothewaterandswamtowardshim.Nottoolongago,peoplecan’tgoscuba-divingonHainanIsland,oranywhereelse.Wewerehavingameetingwhenthedooropen.Wherehadyoubeen?Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufornearlytwohours.Ibuyabeautifulbikeyesterday.Janewasdancing,butwhenshesawmeshestops.Tomtoldmethathehasjustbeenaskedwhathewasdoingduringtheholiday.Myseven-year-oldgrandsonhadhadmymobilephonenumbermemorizedsincehewasfour.Hedoesgotomeetusatthestation,buthedidn’tseeus.LastSunday,hewenttothelibrary,borrowingtwobooksandthenleft.25.Theirchildrenweretakingcareofbytheteacherlastnight.26.Tomdidn'tseemewavetohim.Hewaslookedinotherdirection.主謂一致真題單句歸納（1）Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar，talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.（was改為were，因先行詞twomen是復(fù)數(shù)，所以修飾該先行詞的定語從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)）（全國卷）（2）Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.（give改為gives，它與makes為平行結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)成并列謂語動詞）（全國卷）（3）Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.（is改為are，因主語是mypictureandtheprize，故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)）（全國卷）（4）Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.（is改為are，因其后的mysteries為復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)）（北京春季卷）（5）Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.（are改為is，因?yàn)橹髡Z是不可數(shù)名詞information，表單數(shù)）（廣西卷）（6）Sothen，aconcertcostsomuch.Imayjustlistentomusic.（cost改為costs，因主語是單數(shù)aconcert，根據(jù)全文用的都是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時）（年四川卷）（7）IfIlistentomyownrecords，therearenoneedtospendmoney.（are改為is，因?yàn)樵趖herebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be用is還是用are，由緊跟在be后的那個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定，此處noneed是單數(shù)，所以用is）（四川卷）（8）…you

willprobablywanttojointheStampCollectors‘Clubwhichexisttoaddmorestampstoyourcollection.（exist改為exists，因主語which是指theStampCollectors’Club，這是單數(shù)，所以用exists）（浙江卷）（10）Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhentheirparentswasout.（was改為were，因?yàn)橹髡Ztheirparents是復(fù)數(shù)，所以不用was要用were）（年福建卷）三、模擬單句演練（1）HerparentswereinShanghai，andsowashis.（2）Asisknowntousall，rememberingEnglishwordsarenoteasy.（3）Thepolicewaslookingforthemurderereverywhereinthecity.（4）WritingEnglishandspeakingitisdifferentthings.（5）Itistheparentsandtheirsonwhowantstobuythebicycle.（6）Whathesaidatthemeetingwereveryimportanttous.「參考答案」（1）was改為were，因其主語his為hisparents之略，為復(fù)數(shù)。（2）are改為is，句子主語為動名詞短語rememberingEnglishwords，故其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。（3）was改為were，police作主語時，謂語動詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)。（4）is改為are，因句子主語為復(fù)數(shù)。（5）wants改為want，此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語theparentsandtheirson，為復(fù)數(shù)。（6）were改為was，名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)非謂語二、真題單句歸納（1）DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.（wanted后加to，因?yàn)閣ant后要接不定式）（全國卷）（2）…ratherthangointotheforestandgettinglost.（getting改get，因?yàn)間et與其前的go并列）（全國卷）（3）Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.（leading改為lead，因?yàn)槠淝坝兄鷦釉~would）（全國卷）（4）IwentbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.（stood改為stand，因?yàn)閠ostandup在此為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)）（全國卷）（5）CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.（climbed改為climb/climbing，若將aswellas視為連詞，則將climbed改為climb，因?yàn)樗c其前的do并列；若將aswellas視為介詞，則climbing，因?yàn)榻樵~后動詞用動名詞）（全國卷）（6）Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth，havebetterfood，andtoliveinclearersurroundings.（去掉live前的to，因?yàn)閘ive與其前的know，have并列）（全國卷）（7）TheWorldHealthOrganizationand

otherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthalloverthe

world.（improve前加to，toimprove…為表目的的不定式短語）（全國卷）（8）…youpaythecostofsendapostcard，thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.（send改為sending，因?yàn)榻樵~后接動名詞作賓語）（全國卷）（9）…andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned（去掉know前的to，因?yàn)槠淝坝袆釉~let）（全國卷）（10）Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.（have改為having，因?yàn)榻樵~后接動名詞作賓語）（全國卷）（11）Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.（return前加to，因?yàn)閣ant后要接不定式）（全國卷）（12）Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.（drove改為drive，因?yàn)閐rive與其前的tomeet并列，此處的drive為省略to的不定式）（全國卷）（13）Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.（hear改為hearing，因?yàn)槠淝暗膖o是介詞）（全國卷）（14）Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.（第一個play改為playing，因?yàn)閯釉~原形不能用作主語）（全國卷）（15）Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday‘sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.（watch改為watching，因?yàn)閯釉~原形不能用作主語）（全國卷）（16）I‘dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.（come前加to，因?yàn)閣ouldlike后接不定式）（北京春季卷）（17）I‘llspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.（prepare改為preparing，因?yàn)樗c其前的reading并列，與其前所用的動詞spend有關(guān)）（北京春季卷）（18）Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.（look前加to，此處為不定式作后置定語）（北京春季卷）（19）Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject，nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.（learn改為learning，因?yàn)榻樵~后接動名詞作賓語）（北京春季卷）（20）MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.（make前加to，因?yàn)閠omake…在此用作目的狀語，注意句型doallonecantodosth）（全國卷）（21）Hedidnotwantsharethingswithotherpeople.（want后加to，因?yàn)閣ant后要接不定式）（北京春季卷）（22）Thatis，agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.（making改為made，因?yàn)槿敝^語，不能用非謂語形式，根據(jù)上下文用一般過去時）（北京春季卷）（23）Asweclimbedthemountain，wefedmonkeys，visitingtemplesandtoldstories.（visiting改為visited，因?yàn)樗c其前的fed和其后的told并列）（全國卷）（24）Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.（go改為going，因?yàn)閯釉~原形不能用作主語）（安徽春季卷）（25）…childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.（read改為reading，因?yàn)榻樵~后要接動名詞）（年北京春季卷）（26）…tomakechildrentowantthingsthattheydon‘treallyneed.（去掉want前的to，因?yàn)閣ant…在此用作使役動詞make的賓語補(bǔ)足語）（年北京春季卷）（27）SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.（talk改為talking，因?yàn)閯釉~enjoy后要接動名詞作賓語）（全國卷）（28）Shakeherhead，shesaid，“Itisn‘tagoodtimetodothat，dear.”（Shake改為Shaking，現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨）（江蘇卷）（29）It‘slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.（have改為having，介詞后用動名詞作賓語）（廣西卷）（30）IamthinkingofmakingatriptoLondon，andvisittheBritishMuseumandsomeparks.（visit改為visiting，因visit與making并列，作介詞of的賓語）（四川卷）（31）Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.（giving改為given，“把某物給某人”是givesthtosb；句中records與give是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞）（32）Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.（give改為giving，因它與standing并列，作dreamof的賓語）三、模擬單句演練（1）Inthosedayswewereforcedworktwelvehoursaday.（2）It‘sverydifficultforaforeignerlearnChinese.（3）Itwassillyofyoubelievewhathesaid.（4）Hewasmadewashtheboss‘scaronceaday.（5）I‘llletyoutoknowassoonasIhearfromher.（6）Iwavedtoherbutfailedattractherattention.（7）Ihavealreadyseenthefilmtwice.Idon‘twantseeitanymore.（8）WhatIwantknowiswhenallthishappened.（9）Itwasclearthathewantedbealone.（10）Mostchildrenareinterestedinlistentostories.（11）Walkquicklyisdifficultforanoldman.（13）Becarefulincrossthestreet.（14）Thefilmisveryinteresting.Itisworthseetwice.（15）Findworkisverydifficultthesedays.（16）MostofusstudentsenjoyaskquestionsinEnglish.（17）Look，someofmyclassmatesarepractisingspeakEnglishoverthere.（18）Teachachildtosinganddanceisveryinteresting.（19）LearntospeakEnglishismoredifficultthantowriteit.（20）MyfriendJimisverygoodatmakingthingsandrepairthings.（21）Hedecidedtogotothesouth，findagoodjobandlivingthere.（22）Itwasverykindofyoutobuyussomemuchfruitandseeingusatthestation.（23）Excuseme，wouldyoutotellmethewaytothezoo？w.w.w.k.連詞連詞的誤用，主要體現(xiàn)在句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，比如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。如or和and的誤用，and與but的誤用，so和and的誤用，because或since與so連用，though與but連用等。Eg:Mywifedidn’tlikethiswhiteskirt,andIhadtogobackandchangedittwice.一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。如so...that，too...to，被誤用為very...that，as...as被誤用為so...as。Eg:IamtootiredthatIcannotfinishmyhomework.定語從句中which，that，when，where等混淆不清即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞混用。When=onwhich,where=inwhich,why=forwhich,一般在文中遇到which或者that的時候一定要有英語的敏感度，就要想到考點(diǎn)就在此，頭腦中就要想想關(guān)系詞用的是否恰當(dāng)。關(guān)系代詞：that,which,whom,who,whose關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why,Eg:BeijingistheplacewhichIwasborn.Thedaybeforeyesterday,Iwenttothebookstorewhereisnearourschooltobuyareferencebook.一些常用詞。如what與how，except與besides，any與some,many與much以及合成詞如anything與something，anywhere與somewhere，等混淆不清。Eg:Thisworkisverydifficult,soIdon’tknowwhattodo.Amongmuchsubjects,Ilikemathmost.缺詞與多詞錯誤的情形相似，缺詞也主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞，如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動詞be等。具體說來，漏詞錯誤可能涉及的問題有：不及物動詞后接賓語時漏加必要的介詞，在該帶不定式符號to的地方漏加to，在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指意義時漏加必要的限定詞（尤其是漏加不定冠詞），漏掉表特指的定冠詞，漏掉被動語態(tài)中的助動詞be，漏加系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的連系動詞be，漏加一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)或表達(dá)中的介詞（如漏掉alotof中的of，漏掉becauseof中的of，漏掉insteadof中的of等），漏掉某些從句的“引導(dǎo)詞”（通常會導(dǎo)致意義不通），等等。二、真題單句歸納（1）Whenwewalkedtothecar，Billsmiledandshookhead.（head前加his，漢語可“搖頭”，而按英語的習(xí)慣要說shakeone‘shead）（全國卷）（2）WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.（go后加for，goforawalk是習(xí)語）（全國卷）（3）Charlessaid，“AssoonIseearealytallbuilding，Iwanttoclimbit.（第一個I前加as，因?yàn)閍ssoonas為引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞）（全國卷）（4）Goodhealthisperson‘smostvaluablepossession.（person’s前加a，這里的a表泛指）（全國卷）（5）TheWorldHealthOrganizationand

otherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.（improve前加to，toimprove…為表目的的不定式短語）（全國卷）（6）ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain.（publiclibrary前加a，因這里的publiclibrary是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表泛指，故在其前用a）（全國卷）（7）Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.（many之前加as，因此處為as……as結(jié)構(gòu)）（全國卷）（8）…andletyouknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned.（returned之前加been，因從句意上看，此處用被動語態(tài)）（全國卷）（9）Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.（return前加to，因?yàn)閣ant后要接不定式）（全國卷）（10）ItoldMother，F(xiàn)ather，Sister，allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.（all前加and，表示并列關(guān)系）（全國卷）（11）TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.（eager前加were，因此處缺謂語動詞）（全國卷）（12）I‘dliketoyourpen-friend，andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.（to后加be/become，因wouldlike后接不定式，根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)補(bǔ)be/become）（全國卷）（13）Whatyourfavouritesport？（what后加is或?qū)hat改為What‘s，此句缺謂語）（全國卷）（14）Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.（instead后加of，insteadof為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示“而不是”）（全國卷）（15）Eachplayermustobeycaptain，whoistheleaderoftheteam.（captain前加冠詞the，captain為特指）（全國卷）（16）Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…（alot后加of，因alot不能直接修飾名詞）（全國卷）（17）I‘lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.（wonderful前加a，該表達(dá)與haveagoodtime類似，其中的a不可?。ū本┐杭揪恚?8）I‘dlikeverymuchcomebutIhadanexaminationonMondaymorning.（come前加to，因?yàn)閣ouldlike后接不定式）（北京春季卷）（19）Thedaybeforethespeechcontest（比賽）Englishteachertalkedtome.（English前加my，teacher為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面要限定詞）（全國卷）（20）Inoneclass，Ilearneditrained.（it前加why，why在此表原因）（北京春季卷）（21）Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.（look前加to，此處為不定式作后置定語）（北京春季卷）（22）MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.（make前加to，因?yàn)閠omake…在此用作目的狀語，注意句型doallonecantodosth）（全國卷）（23）Aseveryoneknows，it‘sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.（在famous前加a，注意mountain是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）（全國卷）（24）Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.（we前加when，時間狀語從句缺少連詞引導(dǎo)）（全國卷）（25）Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.（will后加be，此處缺謂語動詞）（安徽春季卷）（26）Becausesomuchviewing，childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.（Because后加of，因somuchviewing相當(dāng)于名詞）（北京春季卷）（27）OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.（showed后加it，showed在此作及物動詞，后面缺少賓語）（全國卷）（28）WhenIwasboy，themostexcitingthingwastocelebratetheSpringFestival.（boy前加a，因boy為可數(shù)名詞）（江蘇卷）（29）YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.（kinds后加of.allkindsof意為“各種各樣的”）（廣西卷）（30）…discoveraninterestwhichcanevenlastlifetime.（lifetime前加a，指人的一生是alifetime）（浙江卷）（31）Shestoppedlookoutofthewindowandfindacloudofsmokecomingoutofherneighbor‘shouse.（look前加to.因?yàn)椤巴Ｏ聛砣プ瞿呈隆笔莝toptodosth，不定式作目的狀語）（福建卷）（32）Tenminuteslater，thefiremencameandputoutfire.（fire前加the，因這是特指的一場火災(zāi)）（福建卷）（33）Aswealllefthomeatearlyage，wemetlotsofproblemsinourdailylife…（early前加an，atanearlyage意為“在年幼時”）（天津卷）（34）Ioftendreamofateacher.（ateacher前加上being或becoming，根據(jù)后文的內(nèi)容看來，作者不是夢見老師，而是自己夢想“成為”一名教師）（湖北卷）多詞多詞錯誤主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞，如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動詞be、比較級more等。具體說來，多詞錯誤可能涉及的問題有：及物動詞后接賓語時誤加介詞，在該用動詞原形的地方誤加不定式符號to，在物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等表示泛指時誤加定冠詞，在一些可直接用作狀語的短語前誤加介詞in，on，for等，誤加一些導(dǎo)致語義重復(fù)的小詞（如two與both連用，all與whole連用等），在本身已是比較級的詞前誤加more，在不是從句的地方誤加從句“引導(dǎo)詞”，在一些習(xí)慣用語和固定表達(dá)中誤加不該用的“小詞”（如冠詞、介詞、副詞等），等等。二、真題單句歸納（1）Davidpointedtoapathwhichithethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage.（去掉it，因它與其前的關(guān)系代詞which語義重復(fù)）（全國卷）（2）Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.（去掉the，因這里的books表泛指，不表特指）（全國卷）（3）Inthelastfiveyearsthatthey‘veclimbedchurches，highbuildingsandtelevisiontowers.（去掉that，因此處的inthelastfiveyears為時間狀語，其后無需用that）（全國卷）（4）Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth，havebetterfood，andliveinclearersurroundings.（去掉the，因health表泛指）（全國卷）（5）Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalwhentheyareill.（去掉for，因其前的get是及物動詞）（全國卷）（6）Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth，havebetterfood，andtoliveinclearersurroundings.（去掉live前的to，因?yàn)閘ive與其前的know，have并列）（全國卷）（7）Asaresult，peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.（去掉more，因?yàn)閘onger本身已是比較級，不能再受more修飾）（全國卷）（8）…andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned（去掉know前的to，因?yàn)槠淝坝袆釉~let）（全國卷）（9）…inotherplaceswhereyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber，ofthatsomemaybenovels.（去掉where，inotherplaces在此為地點(diǎn)狀語）（全國卷）（10）Ifthebookyouwillwantisout，youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou.（去掉will）（全國卷）（11）Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.（去掉about或?qū)bout改為that，因動詞knew后可直接跟賓語從句，無需用介詞）（全國卷）（12）Ineverknewaridedownarivercouldbesomuchexciting.（去掉much，因much不能用來修飾形容詞的原級，盡管它可用來修飾形容詞的比較級和最高級）（全國卷）（13）Ialsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogether.（去掉when或?qū)hen改為that，因這里的定語從句中的謂語動詞（spent）缺賓語，故只能用關(guān)系代詞that或?qū)⑵涫÷裕ㄈ珖恚?4）Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.（去掉both.因both與后面的two意義重復(fù)，況且詞序安排也不對）（全國卷）（15）TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirsttimevisittoanAmericanfamily.（去掉time，因first已含有“次”的意思）（全國卷）（16）Infact，theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.（去掉in，在由next，this，last等詞構(gòu)成的時間短語中，一般可直接用作時間狀語，無需加in，on，at這樣的介詞）（全國卷）（17）First，letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.（去掉more，因從上下文看，這是第一次給對方給信，不存在談?wù)劇案嗲闆r”的問題）（全國卷）（18）Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.（去掉for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞）（全國卷）（19）NowIcan‘twatchmuchtelevision，butafewyearsago…（去掉much，因?yàn)閺南挛目醋髡攥F(xiàn)在根本就不看電視）（全國卷）（20）Iwasusedtowatchiteverynight.（去掉was，因usedtodosth是固定表達(dá)，意為“過去常常做……”）（全國卷）（21）I‘llspendallthewholeweekendreadingandpreparingforit.（去掉all，因all與whole語義重復(fù)）（北京春季卷）（22）SoI‘mreallysorrythatIwon’tbeabletocomeinthistime.（去掉in，因thistime可直接用時間作狀語）（北京春季卷）（23）Suddenly，IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.（去掉a，catchsightof是習(xí)語，意為“看見、瞥見”）（全國卷）（24）WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.（去掉often，因句中的whenever與often意義重復(fù)）（全國卷）（25）Forexample，whenIwasachild，therainwasamystery（奧秘）。（去掉the，rain在此表泛指）（北京春季卷）（26）…inanyotherwords，Iamanonlychild.（去掉any，因inotherwords為固定短語，意思是“換句話說”）（全國卷）（27）…butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.（去掉about，因about后沒有賓語，about屬多余）（全國卷）（28）Forexample，whenheboughtachocolatecake，heputitinasecretplacewhereIcouldn‘tfind.（where改為that/which，或去掉where，Icouldn’tfind為修飾place的定語從句，其前用關(guān)系代詞，也可省略）（北京春季卷）（29）Forinstance，ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro‘clockinthemorning.（去掉on，因onenight可直接用作時間狀語）（北京春季卷）（30）Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcamedown.（去掉down，要表示“夜幕降臨”，直接說Eveningcame即可）（全國卷）（31）IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.（去掉at，themoment在此用作連詞，相當(dāng)于assoonas）（全國卷）（32）Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.（去掉in，spend是及物動詞，其后可直接跟名詞作賓語）（安徽春季卷）（33）Becauseofsomuchviewing，childrenmaynotbedevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.（去掉be，因它與其后的動詞develop相沖突）（北京春季卷）（34）…tomakechildrentowantthingsthattheydon‘treallyneed.（去掉want前的to，因?yàn)閣ant…在此用作使役動詞make的賓語補(bǔ)足語）（年北京春季卷）（35）ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese…（去掉in，was后是一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，in是多余的）（全國卷）（36）Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.（去掉should，因put和followed是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，作并列謂語）（全國卷）（37）WhenIwasaboy，themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpringFestival.（去掉when，根據(jù)句意，此處無需加疑問詞）（江蘇卷）（39）CanyoutellmeaboutwhatIshoulddo？（去掉about，tellsb后面直接跟從句）（全國卷）（40）…youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors‘Club…（去掉in.表示“參加，加入”某個組織，join后不要再加介詞in；表示“參加”某項(xiàng)活動時，才加in）（浙江卷）（41）Cleverassheis，butsheworksveryhard.（去掉but，因前面已有引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞as（=though雖然）。不要受漢語句式“雖然……但是……”的影響，而重復(fù)用連詞）（福建卷）（42）IstillremembermymiddleschoollifeinTianjinyet.（去掉yet，表示“還、仍然”的yet通常用于疑問句或否定句中；在肯定句中用still.而且前面又已經(jīng)有still了）（天津卷）（43）ThoughIamastudentnow，Iwillworkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.

（去掉as，根據(jù)句意as屬多余）（湖北卷）（44）OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwantmyselftodoovertheweekend.（去掉myself，表示主語自己想做某事，用wanttodosth；若是表主語想要別的人做某事，用wantsbtodosth）（四川卷）句子改錯練習(xí)1.Throughourresearch,wecometoknowthateverybodymustpayattentiontoourenvironmentandsomemeasuresshouldbetakentoprotect.2.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.3.IhopeIwilladmittedintoatopuniversityandbecomeagooddoctorafterIgraduatefromuniversity.4.Soontheycameupwithagoodidea,andthenwedecidedtogocyclinginthecountryside.5.Toseeahorseeatfish,allofthemranout.Havingthewholeroomtohimself,myunclesatdownbesidesthefireandbeganwarmhimself.6.Asstudents,wehaveclassesfromearlymorningtilllateafternoon,sotakingaten-minutebrea