考點一it作人稱代詞1．用來指代前文中提到的東西。既可指代詳細的東西，也可指代一種情況。請看下面的例子1〕Ihearyouboughtanewbike,canyoushowittome？2〕IfIcanstophercomingtoyou,Ishalldoit.3〕—Iwanttostayhereforanight.—Yourwifewon’tlikeit此時要注意與其他代詞如that,one,those,this,another等的區(qū)別：1．Ihearyouboughtanewbike,Iwanttobuy_______,too.此處應填one，因為這里我并不是要買你的車，而是一輛新車，one＝anewbike。2．Ihaveboughtanewbike,butIstillwanttobuy_______.此處應填another。我已有了一輛，再買另一輛。another＝anothernewbike。3．Weseehimwhenwecometotown,but_______isn’toften.此處填that或it均可。指代前面我們?nèi)コ抢飼r可以看到他這一情況。4．Myseatisnextto_______oftheheadmaster.此處應填that，用來代替名詞seat，that＝theseat。5．Thebikesmadethisyeararebetterthan_______madelastyears.此處應填those或theones。代替前文的bikes，因其是復數(shù)概念，故用those或theones，those／theones＝thebikes。2.也可以指動物Isthisyourdog？3用來指代人?？墒褂胕t，尤其在問答的No,itisn’t.說明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代嬰兒或兒童；在不清楚某人性別時，也形式中更為常見。例如：—Whoisit?—It’sme.Whoisitthere?It’sI(me/you/he....).IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.Herfacelightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.考點二非人稱代詞itit有時并不指詳細的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、日期、間隔、價值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it：1.指天氣：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?Itisabitwindy.2.指時間:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3.指環(huán)境:Itwasveryquietinthecafé.4.指間隔：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentre.5指日期：What’sthedatetoda?It’stheeleventh,October.6指季節(jié)：Itissummernow.7指度量：Itisabout20pound/kg8.指價值：---What’sthecostofthedictionary?---Itissixty-three.9指溫度It’s35centigradenow.SoIfeelhot.考點三用來泛指一般情況或在一些詞組中出現(xiàn)，沒有特殊含義，常不翻譯。1.Itismyturn.輪到我了。2.Let’scallitaday.〔今天就到這吧。〕3.Goahead,we’llmakeitintheend．〔繼續(xù)干吧，我們最后會成功的?！?.—Iwillstudyhardinthefuture.—That’sit.〔這就對了?！?.Howisitgoing?(情況怎樣〕考點四作形式主語，替代不定式，ing形式或主語從句〔一〕作形式主語替代主語從句1.①Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain....)that...該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句，常譯為＂清楚〔顯然，真的，肯定……〕＂是主語從句最常見的一種構(gòu)造。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.②Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural...)that...該句型和上一個同屬一個句型；由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語氣〔should+動詞原形〕，should可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.2.①Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that...該句型中的it仍是形式主語，真正主語是that引導的主語從句；該構(gòu)造常譯為＂據(jù)說〔據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉……〕＂。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.該句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含有賓語從句的復合句或者含有不定式作主補的簡單句。例如：It’ssaidthatTomhascomebackfromabroad．→PeoplesaythatTomhascomebackfromabroad．→Heissaidtohavecomebackfromabroad．①Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...該句型和上一個同屬一個句型，主句中的過去分詞是表示懇求，建議，命令等詞時，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣〔should+動詞原形〕，should可以??；常譯為＂據(jù)建議；有命令……．〕Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.3.Itisapity(ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...)that...該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣〔should+動詞原形〕，should可省去．表示出乎竟然＂。沒有這種意義時，意料，常譯為＂那么不用虛擬語氣。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遺憾！4.Ithappens(seems，looks，appears)that...該句型中it是形式主語，that引導的是主語從句，主句中的happen，seem等詞是不及物動詞。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧……Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch．看來他非常喜歡流行歌曲。該句型可轉(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡單句。如上述兩句可分別轉(zhuǎn)換為：Hehappenedtomeethisteacherinthestreet.Heseemstoenjoypopsongsverymuch.5.it代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句作形式主語〔1〕Itisknown〔notmadeclear，foundout，discussed，beingdiscussed，aquestion，uncertain等〕＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。notdecided，beingconsidered，Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet．我們將什么時候舉行運動會還是一個問題。Itisuncertainwhetherhecanattendthisconferenceornot．他能否來開會還不能確定?！?〕Itdoesn’tmatter〔It’snowonder；Itdoesn’tmaketoomuchdifference等〕＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherwegotogetherorseparately．我們一起去還是分開去都可以。Itisnowonderwhyhecameheretoolate．他為什么來這么晚缺乏為怪(二)作形式主語替代不定式。常見的句型有：1.①.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，假如不定式的邏輯主語是由of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。常見的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good〔好心的〕，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice〔有教養(yǎng)的〕，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong〔錯誤的〕等。這個句型可以改寫為：sb.iskindtodosth.。Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.②Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.該句型與上一個同屬一個句型，假如不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，平安等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有：①important，necessary，natural②easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant等。=在①中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫，如：Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.2.Ittakessb....todosth.該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時間，常譯為＂做……要花費某人……＂。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.(三)作形式主語替代ing形式Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.It’suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.考點五作形式賓語，代替不定式，ing形式，賓語從句。1.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.該句型中的為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為＂6123構(gòu)造＂。6指主句中常用的動詞：1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓補的兩種形式：it作形式賓語，think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；形容詞或名詞；3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that等引導的賓語從句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Theprofessorthinksitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.〔2022·山東〕Susanmade______cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her【答案】C【解析】這是一個賓語從句，make的賓語是that引導的句子，在本句中用it做形式賓語代指that引導的賓語從句。句意為：Susan向我說明她希望能過上新的生活。故答案選C。2.在like,dislike,hate,love,take,appreciate,dependon,seeto(處理)，insiston，help等動詞后，形式賓語it后可直接跟賓語從句。此時，it表模糊概念，指代后面所表達的內(nèi)容。YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayssupportyou.Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.IwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpmewithmyEnglish.〔2022·浙江〕HowwouldyoulikeifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it【答案】D【解析】句意：當你正在看一個你喜歡的節(jié)目時，突然有個人進來，一聲不吭地關(guān)掉電視，你會怎么想？It作形式賓語，指代If后面的句子。該句涉及到了一個疑問句，一個條件狀語從句〔if〕和兩個并列句(and)。這當時應該先把它轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句youwouldlike______分析句子構(gòu)造知道like之后缺少一個賓語，需要一個賓格代詞充當，所以答案選it?？键c六it的重要句型1.強調(diào)句①Itis/was+被強調(diào)局部+that/who...該句型是強調(diào)句型。將被強調(diào)的局部放在前面，其它局部置于that之后，被強調(diào)局部可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語，強調(diào)的主語假如是人，that可以由who換用。假如把這種句型構(gòu)造劃掉后，應該是一個完好無缺的句子這；也是判斷強調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthestreet.Itisyouthat/whoarewrong.IthinkitwasJacksaidthis.(其中省略了who或that)Whatisityouwantmetodo?(it后省略了that)②Itisnotuntil+被強調(diào)局部+that...該句型也是強調(diào)句型。主要用于強凋時間狀語，譯成漢語＂直到……才……＂，可以說是not...until...的強調(diào)形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.強調(diào)句型的兩種變形形式：一般疑問句形式：Is/Wasit…that…?特殊疑問句形式：Who/Whom/When/When等+is/wasitthat…?1)Wasitin1979______theAmericanastronautsucceeded______landingonthemoon?A.when;on(Key:D)B.that;onC.when;inD.that;in2〕Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself(Key:A)3〕Whowasitthatyoumetinthestreetyesterday?昨天你在街上遇到的是誰？WherewasitthatyoumetJackyesterday?你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？2．It＋be的適當形式＋時間＋when-clause這個句型中，it指時間，而且表示時間的詞語前沒有介詞〔時間一般為詳細時間〕。主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是willbe，when從句用一般如今時代替一般將來時。常譯為＂當……的時候，是……＂例如：Itwasalready8o’clockwhenwegothome．Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere．Itwasfiveo’clockintheafternoon_____theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain．Itwasatfiveo’clockintheafternoon_____theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain．A．since3．It＋is/hasbeem＋一這個句型表示從since從句謂語動從……以來已多久了＂后用一般過去時，例如：B．whenC．thatD．until段時間＋since-clause作發(fā)生以后到如今或過去所經(jīng)過的一段時間，意為＂自since從句Itis／hasbeenthreeyearssincehisfatherpassedaway．他父親去逝已經(jīng)有三年了。她分開上海已經(jīng)15年了應該用Itis/hasbeenfifteenyearssincesheleftShanghai．4.①Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that...該句型中that后的從句虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時態(tài)表示虛擬．Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.Itistimeyouboughtanewcar.Itis(high)timeyoumadeupyourmind.②Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...該句型要和上一個句型區(qū)別開來，該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)，。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。假如是一般如今時，后面從句用如今完成時態(tài)；假如是一般過去時，后面從句那么用過去完成時態(tài)，該構(gòu)造中that可以省去；it有時用this交換．常譯為＂是第一〔二〕……次……＂。Itwasthefifthtime〔that〕IhadpaidafriendlyvisittoAfrica．5．It＋be的適當形式＋一段時間＋before-clause表示一段時間的詞語〔如：long，years，months，weeks，days，minutes〕，主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式，意為＂過間就……＂。主句的時態(tài)可用過去時was或?qū)頃r這個句型中的時間一般為hours，多長時間才……＂。主句的謂語動詞是否認式時，意為＂沒過多長時willbe；用was時，before從句的動詞用一般過去時；用willbe時，before從句常用一般如今時。例如：Itwasnotlongbeforeshelearnedthosepoemsbyheart．她沒過多久就背會了那些了很久警察才來。他才會作出決定。詩歌。Itwaslongbeforethepolicearrived．過Itwillbehoursbeforehemakesadecision．要過好幾個小時Itwillnotbehoursbeforewemeetagain．要不了幾個小時6.Itlooks(seems)asif...該句型中it無意義，為＂看起來好象……＂假如相符合，那么用虛擬語氣。我們還會再見面的。asif引導一個狀語從句。常譯與事實不Itlooksasifheisill.〔真的病了〕Itlooksasifhewereill.〔沒有生病〕Itseemedasifheweredying.才能提升單項填空1.Ilike___________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisD.oneB.thatC.it2.—Hewasnearlydrownedonce.—Whenwas___________?—____________wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This3.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__________.A.whoisheD.whoitisB.whoheisC.whoisit5.Infact___________isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisD.itB.thatC.there6.Mike'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but________didn'thelp.A.heB.itC.sheD.which7.Sinceyouhaverepairedmycomputer,__________isnoneedformetobuyanewone.A.itB.thereC.thisD.that8.Theofficialmade________clearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolvetheproblem.A.itB.thisC.thatD.him9.—Doyoulike_____________here?—Oh,yes,theair,theweatherandthewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.thereC.that

D.it10.Bill'saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisinginTVisillegal,___________?A.isn'titD.isheB.isitC.isn'the11.___________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.whichB.AsC.ThatD.It12.Itwaswithgreatjoy___________hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that13.Itwas___________backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegodidn'tgoB.untilmidnightthatheD.untilmidnightwhenheC.notuntilmidnightthathewentdidn'tgo14.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.___________Youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatC.HowisitthatB.WhatitisthatD.Howitisthat