弗蘭克-赫茲實驗報告

【實驗數(shù)據(jù)及解決】

、Hg管

表1參數(shù)

U.U3溫度

1.5V2.0V176℃

表2粗測

峰(n)1234567

4.99.714.519.524.429.3

UB2/V1.1

表3Hg管掃描電壓Uk§2與U?u登記表

Ukgz/VIU/VUkg2/VU01n/VUg/VUoul/v

0.00.0055.00.0329.90.146

0.20.0065.10.03010.00.130

0.40.0075.20.02910.10.109

0.70.0075.30.02710.30.077

1.00.0065.40.02210.50.044

1.10.0075.50.01710.70.034

1.20.0065.80.01311.00.020

1.40.0066.00.00911.20.014

1.50.0066.20.00711.40.013

1.80.0076.40.00711.60.016

2.00.0076.60.00811.90.023

2.20.0076.80.00912.20.036

2.50.0077.00.01012.50.061

2.70.0077.20.01212.80.082

2.90.0077.50.01913.10.115

3.20.0097.80.02513.40.158

3.40.0108.20.04413.60.206

3.70.0128.40.05413.80.244

4.00.0148.60.07114.00.282

4.10.0168.80.09314.20.323

4.20.0189.10.11814.30.340

4.30.0199.20.12614.50.344

4.40.0209.30.13814.60.339

4.50.0239.40.14314.80.276

4.60.0269.50.15315.00.215

4.70.0279.60.15815.30.134

4.80.0309.70.15815.50.094

4.90.0319.80.15615.80.051

16.00.04020.50.11525.60.214

16.20.02820.80.07425.90.125

16.30.02620.90.06726.10.110

16.40.02521.10.04426.30.094

16.50.02921.30.04526.40.094

16.70.03421.50.05026.50.097

16.90.04721.80.07026.80.115

17.20.07522.10.10427.20.169

17.50.11622.50.16527.50.245

17.80.17022.80.24027.80.328

18.10.22423.10.30828.10.422

18.40.30823.40.40928.40.528

18.60.34723.60.49728.60.640

18.80.39823.80.58328.90.764

19.00.46224.00.62329.00.802

19.20.49524.20.66929.10.795

19.30.50424.30.67129.20.791

19.40.47224.40.65929.40.757

19.50.43924.50.62529.70.699

19.60.40524.80.52630.00.537

19.90.29825.00.464

20.20.21025.30.317

uout/v

表4Hg管峰值表

n1234567

Ukg2/V1.15.09.614.519.324.329.0

線性擬合后，得直線y=4.7143x—4.1714,相關(guān)系數(shù)R?=0.999,

=0.07V

q=(4.7143±0.07)V

二、減速電壓U3對實驗的影響（使用Hg管）

表5參數(shù)

51)3溫度

1.5V3.5V176℃

表6改變5后的Uk.2與登記表

Uoul/VUkg2/VU?ut/VUkg2/viwv

23.40.07425.60.08228.70.161

23.60.11225.90.05828.90.183

23.80.14826.20.03929.00.195

24.00.16726.50.02929.10.215

24.20.20426.90.02029.20.226

24.30.21627.10.01829.30.238

24.40.22527.30.01929.50.245

24.50.22027.60.02729.70.242

24.70.20328.00.05229.90.221

25.00.16228.40.09630.00.209

25.30.13128.60.139

Uout/V

三、Ar管

表7Ar管掃描電壓幾z與Uou,登記表

Ukg2/VUout/V

ukg2/vtu/viwvtu/v

9.60.134.73.3608

9.90.1353.460.48.6

10.40.235.43.860.89.2

10.70.235.84.161.29.7

110.336.24.661.610

11.30.536.65.16210.5

11.70.6375.762.410.9

12.10.937.46.262.811.2

12.51.337.86.763.211.5

12.91.838.27.263.511.6

13.32.138.67.663.911.7

13.62.239864.111.8

142.539.38.264.411.8

14.42.839.68.364.811.8

14.83.1408.665.111.7

15.23.240.38.765.311.6

15.63.440.68.765.711.5

163.540.98.766.111.1

16.43.641.28.766.510.7

16.83.741.48?666.910.2

17.23.841.88.467.39.7

17.43.642.28.167.79.2

17.63.642.67.768.18.5

17.83.5437.268.57.9

18.13.543.46.668.97.5

18.53.543.8669.37.3

18.93.544.25.469.77.1

19.33.444.64.770.17.2

19.73.4454.270.57.4

20.13.445.4470.97.7

20.43.345.8471.38.2

20.83.246.24.171.78.7

21.23.146.64.472.19.2

21.63474.872.59.7

222.847.45.472.910.2

22.42.747.86.173.310.6

22.82.648.26.873.711.1

23.22.548.67.374.111.4

23.62.5497.974.511.8

242.749.38.474.912.3

24.32.849.78.875.212.5

24.73.1509.275.612.7

253.350.39.575.812.9

25.43.650.79.876.212.9

25.73.9511076.313

264.151.11076.513.1

26.44.551.310.176.913.2

26.74.851.410.177.213.2

275.151.610.277.413.2

27.35.451.810.377.613.1

27.75.752.110.47813

28.1652.410.478.412.8

28.46.252.710.478.812.4

28.76.35310.379.212.1

296.553.410.279.611.7

29.36.553.89.98011.2

29.76.554.29.580.410.7

306.454.69.180.810.3

30.36.3558.581.210

30.56.255.47.881.69.7

30.8655.87.1829.6

31.15.856.26.582.49.5

31.55.556.65.882.89.7

31.85.2575.583.29.9

32.24.857.45.383.610.1

32.64.457.85.38410.4

334585.584.410.8

33.43.658.45.984.811.3

33.83.358.86.38511.4

34.23.259.26.7

34.63.259.67.4

圖4Ar管U°ut-Ukg2圖

0102030405060708090

表8Ar管峰值表

n123456

Ukgz/V17.229.440.952.764.477.2

圖5Ar管峰值線性擬合

線性擬合得直線y=11.909X+5.2867,相關(guān)系數(shù)火2=0.9998

U、=(11.909±0.08)V

【思考題】

改變減速電壓U西對曲線有何影響？并用實驗驗證。

改變減速電壓Ug2P對U2的影響

實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，在不同的Ugzp下,Ukg2-U°ut的圖線走勢相同，但有一個整體的移動。當(dāng)Ug2P

增長時，圖線向右下方移動。圖中僅畫出Hg管的最后兩個峰。

【分析】

當(dāng)反向電壓Ump增大時會有更多的電子在到達p極板之前損失掉所有的動能，不能形成

電流。因此，僅就圖線的峰來說，它相應(yīng)著電子在到達柵極g2時，絕大多數(shù)動能剛好略小于

原子的激發(fā)能，增長Ug2P會使得峰的高度減少。同時，為了使得到達極板p的電子數(shù)占總數(shù)

的比重最大,在提高