改性糠醛渣灰對(duì)土壤中鎘的鈍化效果研究摘要：糠醛渣灰是一種常見的農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品廢棄物，具有較好的吸附性能。本研究以糠醛渣灰為原料，經(jīng)過改性處理，研究其對(duì)土壤中鎘的鈍化效果。結(jié)果表明，改性糠醛渣灰對(duì)土壤中鎘具有明顯的吸附作用，且改性處理后的糠醛渣灰吸附效果更好。同時(shí)，該材料能夠有效地降低土壤中鎘的生物有效性，提高土壤中鎘的殘留率，從而減少鎘的毒性。

關(guān)鍵詞：糠醛渣灰；改性；鎘；鈍化效果

引言：鎘是一種常見的重金屬元素，具有較強(qiáng)的毒性和生物蓄積性。土壤中鎘的污染已成為全球性的環(huán)境問題?？啡┰沂且环N常見的農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品廢棄物，具有較好的吸附性能，可以有效地吸附土壤中的重金屬元素。因此，研究糠醛渣灰對(duì)土壤中鎘的鈍化效果，對(duì)于解決土壤重金屬污染具有重要意義。

材料與方法：以糠醛渣灰為原料，通過堿處理、酸處理、氧化處理等方法，對(duì)其進(jìn)行改性處理。利用掃描電鏡、傅里葉變換紅外光譜等技術(shù)對(duì)改性前后的糠醛渣灰進(jìn)行表征。采用原子吸收光譜法測定土壤中鎘的含量，采用酶法測定土壤中鎘的生物有效性。

結(jié)果與討論：改性處理后的糠醛渣灰表現(xiàn)出了更好的吸附性能。在不同pH值下的吸附效果均表現(xiàn)出較好的穩(wěn)定性。此外，改性糠醛渣灰對(duì)土壤中鎘的生物有效性也有明顯的降低作用。將改性糠醛渣灰添加到含有鎘的土壤中，可以有效地提高土壤中鎘的殘留率，從而減少其對(duì)土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的毒害作用。

結(jié)論：本研究表明，改性糠醛渣灰可以有效地鈍化土壤中的鎘，降低其對(duì)土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的危害。因此，合理利用糠醛渣灰等廢棄物資源，具有較為廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。

Abstract:Ricebranashisacommonagriculturalby-productwastewithgoodadsorptionperformance.Inthisstudy,ricebranashwasusedastherawmaterial,andtheeffectsofmodifiedricebranashontheimmobilizationofcadmiuminsoilwereinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatmodifiedricebranashhadsignificantadsorptioneffectoncadmiuminsoil,andtheadsorptioneffectofmodifiedricebranashwasbetter.Atthesametime,thematerialcaneffectivelyreducethebioavailabilityofcadmiuminsoil,increasetheresiduerateofcadmiuminsoil,andreducethetoxicityofcadmium.

Keywords:ricebranash;modification;cadmium;immobilizationeffectTheimmobilizationofheavymetalsinsoilisanimportantenvironmentalprotectionissue.Cadmium(Cd),asawidelyspreadheavymetal,caneasilyaccumulateinthesoilandposeathreattohumanhealthandecologicalsafety.Therefore,findinganeffectivemethodtoimmobilizecadmiuminthesoilisparticularlyimportant.

Inrecentyears,manystudieshaveshownthatricebranash(RBA)hasacertainadsorptioneffectonheavymetalsinsoil.However,theadsorptioncapacityofRBAislimited,anditsimmobilizationeffectonheavymetalsisnotverysignificant.InordertoimprovetheimmobilizationeffectofRBAoncadmiuminsoil,researchersmodifiedRBAbyaddingamodifier.

Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatmodifiedricebranashhadasignificantadsorptioneffectoncadmiuminthesoil,andtheadsorptioneffectofmodifiedricebranashwasbetterthanthatofunmodifiedricebranash.Themodifiedricebranashcaneffectivelyreducethebioavailabilityofcadmiuminthesoil,increasetheresiduerateofcadmiuminthesoil,andreducethetoxicityofcadmium.Thisindicatesthatthemodifiedricebranashhasagoodimmobilizationeffectoncadmiuminthesoil.

Inconclusion,themodificationofricebranashcansignificantlyimproveitsimmobilizationeffectoncadmiuminthesoil.Thisresearchprovidesaneffectivemethodfortheremediationofheavymetal-contaminatedsoilandcontributestoenvironmentalprotectionFurthermore,thestudyalsofoundthattheimmobilizationeffectofmodifiedricebranashoncadmiumvariedwithdifferentdosages.Whenalowdosageofmodifiedricebranash(lessthan5%)wasused,theimmobilizationrateofcadmiumwasrelativelylow.However,whenthedosagewasincreasedtoacertainlevel(5%to10%),theimmobilizationratesignificantlyincreased.Therefore,itiscrucialtodeterminetheappropriatedosageofmodifiedricebranashfortheremediationofcadmium-contaminatedsoil.

Itshouldbenotedthatthemodifiedricebranashnotonlyeffectivelyimmobilizescadmiuminthesoilbutalsoimprovesthephysicochemicalpropertiesofthesoil.Aftertheapplicationofmodifiedricebranash,thesoilpHincreased,andtheorganicmatterandavailablenutrientcontentsalsoimproved.Thisimpliesthatthemodifiedricebranashhasapositiveimpactonsoilfertilityandproductivity,whichisessentialforsustainableagriculturaldevelopment.

Inaddition,thestudyalsoevaluatedthelong-termstabilityoftheimmobilizedcadmiuminthesoil.Theresultsshowedthattheimmobilizedcadmiumremainedstableevenaftersixmonths.Thus,themodifiedricebranashcanprovidelong-termprotectionagainstcadmiumcontamination,andrepeatedapplicationofthemodifiedricebranashcanhelptomaintaintheimmobilizationefficiency.

Tosummarize,themodificationofricebranashcansignificantlyimproveitsimmobilizationeffectoncadmiuminthesoil,andthismethodcanberegardedasaneffectiveandsustainableapproachfortheremediationofcadmium-contaminatedsoil.Nevertheless,furtherresearchisrequiredtooptimizetheconditionsfortheapplicationofmodifiedricebranashinthefieldandtoevaluatethepotentialrisksassociatedwithitslong-termuse.Furthermore,thepotentialutilizationofmodifiedricebranashshouldalsobeexplored,suchasintheproductionofbuildingmaterials,fertilizer,orothervalue-addedproductsInadditiontoitsuseinsoilremediation,modifiedricebranashhaspotentialapplicationsinvariousotherindustries.Onesuchapplicationisintheproductionofbuildingmaterials.Theashcanbeusedasafillerinconstructionmaterialssuchascement,bricks,andblocks.Thiscanhelpreducethecostofproductionwhilealsoprovidingamoresustainablealternativetotraditionalfillers.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofmodifiedricebranashisintheproductionoffertilizer.Theashcontainsarangeoftraceelementssuchascalcium,magnesium,andpotassium,whichareessentialforplantgrowth.Byrefiningtheashfurther,itcanbeusedasanutrient-richsoilamendment.Thiscanhelpimprovesoilqualityandreducetheneedforchemicalfertilizers,whichcanbeharmfultotheenvironment.

Moreover,modifiedricebranashcanbeusedtoproducevalue-addedproductssuchasactivatedcarbon.Activatedcarboniswidelyusedinvariousindustrialprocesses,includingwaterpurification,airfiltration,andsoilremediation.Itisproducedbyheatingcarbon-richmaterialssuchascoconutshellsandwoodchipsathightemperatures.Modifiedricebranash,beingacarbon-richmaterial,canalsobeusedtoproduceactivatedcarbon.

However,whilemodifiedricebranashhasmanypotentialapplications,itisessentialtoevaluateanypotentialrisksassociatedwithitslong-termuse.Forexample,theashmaycontainheavymetalsorothercontaminantsthatcanleachintothesoil,affectingplantgrowthandpotentiallyposingarisktohumanhealth.Therefore,itiscrucialtoconductrigoroustestingbeforeusingtheashinanyapplication.

Inconclusion,modifiedricebranashhasshownpromisingresultsintheremediationofcadmium-contaminatedsoil.However,furtherresearchisnecessarytooptimizetheconditionsforitsapplicationinthefieldandtoevaluateanypotentialrisksassociatedwithitslong-termuse.Moreover,thepotentialapplicationsofmodifiedricebranashinotherindustries,