一、代數(shù)部分(Algebra)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算equal,isequalto等于equivalentto等價(jià)于isgreaterthan大于islesserthan小于isequalorgreaterthan大于等于isequalorlesserthan小于等于operator運(yùn)算符add,plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除augend,summand被加數(shù)addend加數(shù)minuend被減數(shù)subtrahend減數(shù)remainder差multiplicand,faciend被乘數(shù)multiplicator乘數(shù)product積dividend被除數(shù)divisor除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除divisor因子,除數(shù)dividend被除數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào)factorial階乘logarithm對(duì)數(shù)exponent指數(shù),冪power乘方square二次方,平方cube三次方,立方thepowerofn,thenthpowern次方evolution,extraction開方squareroot二次方根,平方根cuberoot三次方根,立方根therootofn,thenthrootn次方根數(shù)字digit數(shù)字number數(shù)naturalnumber自然數(shù)integer/wholenumber整數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負(fù)數(shù)positivewholenumber正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負(fù)整數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)realnumber實(shí)數(shù)rationalnumber有理數(shù)irrationalnumber無(wú)理數(shù)consecutive連續(xù)數(shù)inverse/reciprocal倒數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù)primenumber質(zhì)數(shù)commondivisor條約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子nonnegative非負(fù)的units個(gè)位tens十位ordinary/decimalscale十進(jìn)制binarysystem二進(jìn)制hexadecimalsystem十六進(jìn)制weight,significance權(quán)carry進(jìn)位truncation截尾roundto/tothenearest四舍五入rounddown下舍入roundup上舍入significantdigit有效數(shù)字insignificantdigit無(wú)效數(shù)字分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)decimal小數(shù)decimalpoint小數(shù)點(diǎn)fraction分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母properfraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improperfraction假分?jǐn)?shù)commonfraction一般分?jǐn)?shù)mixednumber帶分?jǐn)?shù)simplefraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)complexfraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction純小數(shù)infinitedecimal無(wú)量小數(shù)recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)places位(thousands’place,hundreds’place,tens’place,units’place(ones’digit),tenths’place,hundredths’place,thousandths’place.)會(huì)合與函數(shù)aggregate會(huì)合element元素void空集subset子集union并集intersection交集complement補(bǔ)集propersubset真子集solutionset解集mapping映照f(shuō)unction函數(shù)domain,fieldofdefinition定義域range值域constant常量variable變量monotonicity單一性parity奇偶性periodicity周期性image圖象5.代數(shù)式、方程和不等式formula,formulae(pl.)公式monomial單項(xiàng)式polynomial,multinomial多項(xiàng)式coefficient系數(shù)equation等式,方程式unknown,x-factory-factor,z-factor未知數(shù)simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程quarticequation四次方程inequation,inequality不等式algebraicterm代數(shù)項(xiàng)liketerms,similarterms同類項(xiàng)literalcoefficient字母系數(shù)numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)range值域factorization因式分解originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程,等價(jià)方程linearequation線性方程triangleinequality三角不等式邏輯axiom公義theorem定理calculation計(jì)算operation運(yùn)算prove證明hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)假設(shè)proposition命題arithmetic算術(shù)概率與統(tǒng)計(jì)approximate近似estimation預(yù)計(jì),近似mean均值mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)variance方差standarderror標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差standardvariation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方差standarddeviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)average均勻數(shù)weightedaverage加權(quán)均勻數(shù)proportion比率percent百分比percentage百分點(diǎn)percentile百分位數(shù)permutation擺列combination組合probability概率distribution散布normaldistribution正態(tài)散布abnormaldistribution非正態(tài)散布graph圖表bargraph條形統(tǒng)計(jì)histogram柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖brokenlinegraph折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖curvediagram曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖piediagram扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖三角函數(shù)trigonometry三角sine正弦cosine余弦tangent正切cotangent余切secant正割cosecant余割arcsine反正弦arccosine反余弦arctangent反正切arccotangent反余切arcsecant反正割arccosecant反余割phase相位period周期amplitude振幅數(shù)列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression(sequence)等比數(shù)列微積分與線性代數(shù)series數(shù)列,級(jí)數(shù)calculus微積分differential微分derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)limit極限infinite無(wú)量大infinitesimal無(wú)量小integral積分definiteintegral定積分indefiniteintegral不定積分rationalnumber有理數(shù)irrationalnumber無(wú)理數(shù)realnumber實(shí)數(shù)imaginarynumber虛數(shù)complexnumber復(fù)數(shù)matrix矩陣determinant隊(duì)列式其余directproportion正比indirectproportion反比proportion比率ratio比值arithmeticmean算術(shù)均勻值geometricmean幾何均勻數(shù)weightedaverage加權(quán)均勻值exponent指數(shù),冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊powers冪cube立方數(shù),立方體squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù)complementaryfunction余函數(shù)linear一次的,線性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue絕對(duì)值approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針?lè)较騝ardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不一樣的estimation預(yù)計(jì),近似parentheses括號(hào)proportion比率permutation擺列combination組合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函數(shù)unit單位,位二、幾何部分(Geometry)基本術(shù)語(yǔ)point點(diǎn)line線plane面solid體space空間segment線段radial射線circumference,perimeter周長(zhǎng)surfacearea表面積volume體積line,straightline直線linesegment線段midpoint中點(diǎn)endpoint端點(diǎn)parallel平行intersect訂交perpendicular垂直edge邊,棱vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)極點(diǎn)length長(zhǎng)width寬altitude高depth深度side邊長(zhǎng)tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距congruent全等的similar相像平面圖形quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形hendecagon十一邊形dodecagon十二邊形polygon多邊形multilateral多邊的equilateral/regularpolygon正多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形square正方形rectangle矩形rhombus,diamond菱形trapezoid梯形righttrapezoid直角梯形isoscelestrapezoid等腰梯形3.角angle角degree角度radian弧度acuteangle銳角rightangle直角obtuseangle鈍角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夾角adjacentangle鄰角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangle補(bǔ)角complementaryangle余角alternateangle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle對(duì)頂角centralangle圓心角anglebisector角均分線bisect均分diagonal對(duì)角線三角形triangle三角形righttriangle直角三角形acutetriangle銳角三角形obtusetriangle鈍角三角形oblique斜三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角形incenter心里excenter外心escenter旁心orthocenter垂心barycenter重心inscribedtriangle內(nèi)接三角形hypotenuse斜邊leg直角邊opposite直角三角形中的對(duì)邊arm直角三角形的股medianofatriangle中線includedside夾邊altitude(三角形的)高base底邊,底數(shù)Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理5.圓circle圓形semicircle半圓concentriccircles齊心圓semicircle半圓concentriccircles齊心圓centerofacircle圓心chord弦diameter直徑radius半徑circumference圓周長(zhǎng)sector扇形ring環(huán)arc弧radian弧度(弧長(zhǎng)/半徑)segmentofacircle弧形pointoftangency切點(diǎn)inscribe內(nèi)切,內(nèi)接circumscribe外切,外接立體圖形solid立體的faceofasolid立體的面cube立方體,立方數(shù)tetrahedron四周體pentahedron五面體hexahedron六面體parallelepiped平行六面體rectangularsolid長(zhǎng)方體cube正方體heptahedron七面體octahedron八面體enneahedron九面體decahedron十面體hendecahedron十一面體dodecahedron十二面體icosahedron二十面體polyhedron多面體regularsolid/polyhedron正多面體pyramid棱錐prism棱柱frustumofaprism棱臺(tái)rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)axis軸cone圓錐cylinder圓柱frustumofa