2015年考研英語一及答案詳細解SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”as cousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideysisconducted_(3)1,932uniquesubjects(4)pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven cousinsbutmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourThestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexin,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplyexinpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D][A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D][A]for[B]with[C]on[D][A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D][A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D][A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D][A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D][A]again[B]also[C]instead[D][A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D][A]about[B]to[C]from[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]along[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D][A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D][A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D][A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]PartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshavedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withmagnificentuniformsandmajesticTheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexinsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspthemonarchy’sreputationwithherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofusedturnenjoyhighpublicwasunpopularamongEuropeancasedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals[D]endedhisreigninembarrassmentMonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropeowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectabletoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandtogivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodimentWhichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraphTheroleofthenobilityinmodernThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivilegesTheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becausetakesaroughlineonpoliticalfailstochangehislifestyleastakesrepublicansashispotentialfailstoadapthimselftohisfutureWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheCarlos,GloryandDisgraceCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreatsJusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhethercansearchthecontentsofaphonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonorarounda duringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweerulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychanging.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinesto,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringtheofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthrougha’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatdon’tviolatethe Amendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeesensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivate storemainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonableAssooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousfor toobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.Theycouldstillinvalidate Amendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomfortocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomoredom.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofauto useasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewal ofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimatepreventsfromdeletingtheirphonesearchfors’phoneswithoutachecks’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[D]prohibitsfromusingtheirphones.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparablegettingintoone’sgoingthroughone’sInParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernprinciplesarehardtobeclearlythecourtisgivinglessroomforphonesareusedtostoresensitiveOrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatetheConstitutionshouldbeimplementednewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.[C]California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealteredThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thefollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindata ysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewtheseAskedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchweGiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup.Hesaysheexpectstheboardto“yprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingcesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthattheis“a estepforward”and“l(fā)ongoverdue.”“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,”hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliteandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess”.VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstce”.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1Scienceintendstosimplifytheirpeer-reviewfewjournalsareblamedformistakesindatalackof ysisiscommoninresearchThephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningGiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREposeathreattoallitsmeetwithstrongincreaseScience’scirculation.[D]setanexampleforotherjournals.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScience ngaddstoresearchers’diminishestheroleofhasroomforfurtherimprovement.[D]istofailintheforeseeablefutureWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsin Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.Drivingherpointhome,she:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithinernment,mediaorbusinesscould eoneofthemostdangerousfoalsforcapitalismanddom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shieldthought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegalephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes–findingguiltyones-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge–thewinderissueofdearthofintegritystillstandstill,JournalistsareknowntohavebyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepoint hacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookce.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,wowlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredwowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,title enormalthatwell—paidexecutivesshouldnotaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrunperhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business–friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjusticefairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstandingtobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedAccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsettheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingcompanies’financiallossduetoimmoralernmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasamorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphoneAndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthephonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainTheauthorbelievestheRebekahBooks’srevealedacunningcenteredontrivialwashardlywaspartofaTheauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrinegenerallydistortedunfairwealthamarginalizedarigidmoralWhichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastThequalityofwritingisofprimaryCommonhumanityiscentralnewsMoralawarenessmattersinexcitingaJournalistsneedstricterindustrialPartInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourexplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrr(41) youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutnce,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementinferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandcues(42)Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanreadoffandclockedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare,(44) Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,cesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlapreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesabouttextscanyanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45) suchdimensionsofreadsuggest-asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo-thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroveralllicyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Factorssuchastheceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontest.Ontheassumptionthattheywill erelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetestmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofa alresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.Inys，novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.Rather,weascribemeaningstotestonthebasisofinctionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.SectionIIIReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipals-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Duten,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransnttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.But,theofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinteryofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Intheme,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysubsistedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipwerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.“TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.”saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.50)Thevirginwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasaveritablerealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.PartAYouaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanofabout100wordsmendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyour YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMing

Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressaydescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,giveyourI

[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]不是指研究的時間(when)，原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，該題的答案為what。[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]【解析】從此題所在的句子的前后內(nèi)容可以判斷出，thatis 中的that是指第一句話的內(nèi)容(朋友與我們上的相關(guān)性)，很顯然是研究得出的結(jié)論。因此，答案為[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容(1932分獨特的受試者進行分析)判斷出進行分析的對象是1932uniquesubjects。conductysison…是固定表達。[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進行。因為“研究”的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于朋友間上的相關(guān)性問[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]驗對象，第五個空格所在句子的內(nèi)容是：相同的人們都用于實驗中的這兩類。所以根據(jù)上下文語境和內(nèi)容，應該選與實驗對象相對應的samples(樣例).因此，答案是samples?！窘馕觥靠盏恼Z境為：盡管這1%看起來似乎，但是遺傳學家可不這么認為?？涨昂笮纬蓪Ρ绒D(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，而從后文列舉的例子中可知遺傳學家JamesFowler對這[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D] 有D[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]我們親戚的人作為朋友。根據(jù)全文中心：上的相似性，可知本題選擇A。[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友與我們有1%的關(guān)系，而空所在句“thegenesforsmellweresharedinfriends”在進一步詳細討論該話題，前后之間是順接關(guān)系，故答案為B[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D][A]about[B]to[C]fromto。該句翻譯：它(這種相似性)吸引我們到相同的環(huán)境，并且使我們更為相似。因此答案為to。[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse sb.inAdrive(驅(qū)使)Dlimit(限制)。根據(jù)上下文可得知：這些機制驅(qū)使我們選擇相似的朋友，符合文章。如果選限制則為反向干擾。因此答案為drive。[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]along【答案】[Brather【解析】所填詞為邏輯關(guān)系短語，空前說選擇相似的朋友，空后說具有“實用regardlessof(不管)表讓步關(guān)系，干擾性較強，但文章更強調(diào)取前舍后，因此排除;D選項alongwith(伴隨)表順接，故排除。故答案為ratherthan。functionalkinship(實用關(guān)系)可得出Dbenefits(利益)，前后形成呼應。Achances(機會)、Bresponses(反應)、Cmissions(使命)均不符合題意。故答案為benefits。[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D] thanothergenes(比其他進化得).根據(jù)同詞復現(xiàn)，我們找到該段第二句話中：humanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years(人類進化在過去三萬得以加速的原因”，表示這一研究的結(jié)果和意義。能與這一賓語從句構(gòu)成搭配的只有C選項understand。A選項forecast“預測”與“過去三萬年”相，B選項pickpace這兩個詞表達的都是積極的含義，因此此處需要填入一個帶有褒義的感彩的詞，因此排除A選項“不可預測的”和D選項“破壞性的”;B而C選項“可控的”,與語意無關(guān);因此正確答案為B選項contributory“促進的”。[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]C選項“安排”，D選項“傾向”。本文的主旨重在解釋人們在交朋友的不自覺的一種傾向，而非通過人為的有意識的舉動來選擇朋友。因此正確答案為D。[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]【解析】結(jié)合文意，人們普遍希望和有相似背景的人。C選項ethnic意為“種[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]【解析】此處動詞，動詞勢必要看前后搭配。seethat構(gòu)成固定詞組，意為“務(wù)IIReadingPartAccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofusedturnenjoyhighpublicwasunpopularamongEuropeancasedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment【答案】[Dendedhisreignin話提到“ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshavedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.”(在最近的歐洲中，令人尷尬的同義置換，且“embarrassment”與導致Carlos卸任的原因“embarrassingscandals”是相呼應的。故D是正確答案。A、B、C均屬于無中生有。MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropeowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectabletoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandtogivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment【答案】[Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectable【解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干“monarchs”和“headsofstate”，定位到第三段的最后一句話“...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.”(大多數(shù)的王室幸存下來是由于他們讓選民可以避免去尋找一個不受爭議且受尊敬的公眾人物的)其中“non-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure”A選項中“undoubtedandrespectablestatus”的同義置換。故A是正確答案。Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraphTheroleofthenobilityinmodernThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges【答案】[BTheroleofthenobilityinmodern【解析】事實細節(jié)題。定位在第四段的最后一句話“...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.”(離奇的是，富有的竟然仍是現(xiàn)代國家的象征)其中，thesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstatestheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies的同義置換。TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becausetakesaroughlineonpoliticalfailstochangehislifestyleastakesrepublicansashispotentialfailstoadapthimselftohisfuture【答案】[Dfailstoadapthimselftohisfuture據(jù)題干專有名詞Charles可定位到文章第七段“thedangerwillcomewithCharles...worstenemies”。本段“自于，他生活奢靡，等級觀念顯著;并且他沒有君B意為，對待建議的生活方式改變失敗，文章中提到生活方式，但并未提到改變生活方式;選項C意為：視人為潛在盟友，文章中提到，人并非最大的敵人，并未指明把人視為盟友，屬于偷換概念，選項D意為：適應未來失敗，文章項D表述吻合，故為正確答案。WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheCarlos,GloryandDisgraceCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats【答案】[CCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropean牙國王Carlos切入，主要討論當下歐洲君王制度所存在的問題，并非討論的，即可排除選項B“—繼位焦慮”和D“—應對緩慢”，而選項A“卡—榮辱并存”和C“—歐洲君王們的前車之鑒”中，選項A屬于細節(jié)信息，不能概括文章大意，選項C可概括，故為正確答案。另外，文章詞Monarch只有在選項C中TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimatepreventsfromdeletingtheirphonesearchfor phoneswithoutachecks’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[D]prohibitsfromusingtheir 【答案】[C]checks’phonecontentswithoutbeing【解析】這是一道事實細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干TheSupremeCourt回文定位到第一段的第二句話，“TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhethercansearchforthecontentsofa phonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonorarounda duringanarrest”,一一比對選項，原文中的“cansearchforthecontentsofa phonewithoutawarrant”與選項C“checks’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized”是同義替換，其他選項均是以定位到文章第四段第一句“TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargument…”。由第四段第一句話中的“discard(拋棄)”和“l(fā)ame(沒有說服力的)”可以看出作者對于California’sargument是不支持的態(tài)度，因此選A。Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparablegettingintoone’sgoingthroughone’s【解析】根據(jù)題干theauthorbelieves和“exploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparableto”可回文定位到文章第四段第三句“Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome”，選項A語義與之一致，其中，gettingintoentering對應，one’sresidence與hisorherhome對應，故A選項為正確答案