第一章測(cè)試Toputitinasimpleway,linguisticsstudies________,meaningoflinguisticunits,andtheuseandinterpretationofasentenceindifferentcontexts.

A:wordformation

B:propertiesofspeechsounds

C:sentencestructure

D:combinationofspeechsoundsintoameaningfulunit

答案:ABCDTohaveascientificlanguagestudy,wemustpursuebrevityinanalyzingthedataandinstatingourfindings,whichcanbesummarizedasthestandardof________.

A:objectivity

B:economy

C:exhaustiveness

D:consistency

答案:B

Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AThereasonforFrenchmentousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AOfspeechandwriting,modernlinguisticsregardswritingastheprimarymediumofcommunication.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AAccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheactualrealizationoftheperformanceinlinguisticcommunication.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AWhichofthefollowingdisciplinesarerelatedtoappliedlinguistics?

A:psycholinguistics

B:geology

C:education

D:physics

答案:ACUnlikeanimalcommunicationsystems,humanlanguageis________.

A:stimulatedbysomeoccurrenceofcommunalinterest

B:stimulusfree

C:underimmediatestimuluscontrol

D:stimulusbound

答案:B________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.

A:Chomsky

B:JohnLyons

C:deSaussure

D:Bloomfield

答案:CBysayinglanguageisarbitrary,wemeanthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningand________.

A:phoneme

B:morpheme

C:sound

D:word

答案:C第二章測(cè)試Whatkindofsoundscanwemake,whenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A:Vowels

B:Voicedconsonants

C:Glottalstop

D:Voicelessconsonants

答案:ABWhichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?

A:[f]

B:[z]

C:[w]

D:[v]

答案:CWhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconsideredasaminimalpair?

A:but-put

B:but-bat

C:but-cut

D:but-bus

答案:AThesound/z/canbedescribedwith“voiced,________,alveolar”.

A:labiodental

B:affricate

C:fricative

D:palatal

答案:CInEnglish,ifthreeconsonantsclustertogetheratthebeginningofaword,thecombinationcouldbethefollowingEXCEPT________.

A:[skw]

B:[spl]

C:[stj]

D:[sks]

E:[spr]

答案:CDAphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BThespeechsoundswhichareincomplementarydistributionaredefinitelyallophonesofthesamephoneme.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:ABroadTranscriptionisintendedtosymbolizeallthepossiblespeechsounds,includingtheminuteshades.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:ATheinitialsoundof“peak”isaspiratedwhilethesecondsoundof“speak”isunaspirated.Theyareallophones.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BPhoneticsimilaritymeansthattheallophonesofaphonememustbearsomemorphologicalresemblance.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:A第三章測(cè)試Theitalicizedwordinthesentence“Theyarebetterfed,betterhoused,andbetterclothedthaneverbefore”isagoodexampleof________.

A:derivation

B:conversion

C:compounding

D:blending

答案:BWecanclassifymorphemesinto________.

A:adjectivemorphemesandnumeralmorphemes

B:boundmorphemesandfreemorphemes

C:lexicalmorphemesandgrammaticalmorphemes

D:derivationalmorphemesandinflectionalmorphemes

答案:BCD________ofthefourwordsaregoodexamplesofcompounding.

A:blackboard

B:mouthful

C:blueprint

D:

hotdog

答案:ACDA(n)________isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.

A:lexeme

B:morpheme

C:allomorph

D:word

答案:BThewordchildrencontains_________morphemes

A:

4

B:

2

C:

1

D:

3

答案:BTheitalicizedwordinsentence________,theitalicizedpartDOESN’Tinvolveconversion.

A:Hissmilecouldnotverywellmaskhisanger.

B:Hewalkedcarefullysoasnottowethisshoes.

C:Theteachertoldthestudentstobequiet.

D:

Thebookyellowedwithage.

答案:CMostprefixescanoccurasindependentwords.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:ASuchcompoundsasquick-frozen,far-fetched,fresh-baked,andlong-awaitedare

createdby“a./ad.+v.-ed”.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BInAmericanEnglish,compoundsareNOTusuallywrittensolidassoonastheyhavegainedsomepermanentstatus.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AAcompoundcanbeformedbyplacinganylexicaliteminfrontofanother.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:A第四章測(cè)試Syntaxisthestudyofhowwordsandphrasesareproperlyformedoutofelementsofalanguage.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BManysyntactictheorieshavedevelopedinresponsetogenerativesyntax.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AInthecourseofitsdevelopment,generativegrammargraduallyshifteditsfocusfromlanguageitselftothenativespeaker’sknowledgeoflanguage.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AInthegenerativetradition,languageisusuallyunderstoodtorefertotheallthelanguagestructuresthatnativespeakerscangenerate.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AAccordingtoChomsky,I-languagereferstoasetofsentencesanativespeakercanuse.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AThesub-componentwhichincludestherulesgoverningwordformationiscalled________.

A:pragmatics

B:semantics

C:phonology

D:morphology

答案:D________istosyntaxwhatphonemetophonologyandmorphemetomorphology.

A:Sentence

B:Utterance

C:Meaning

D:Syntacticcategory

答案:DAmongthefollowingcategories,________arewordcategories.

A:VP

B:P

C:NP

D:Adj.

答案:BDInthecategoryofCP,letterCstandsfor____________.

A:complementizer

B:curriculum

C:capital

D:complement

答案:AAdverbsinEnglishcanbedividedinto________.

A:bigadverbs

B:smalladverbs

C:sentence-adverbs

D:manneradverbs

答案:CD第五章測(cè)試Theapproachtosemanticstudythatismoreconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenlinguisticexpressionsandthephenomenaintheworldtowhichtheyrefermaybecalled________.

A:CognitiveSemantics

B:FormalSemantics

C:LinguisticSemantics

D:LogicalSemantics

答案:DTheContextualistViewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromobservablecontexts.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AMeaningcanbestudiedas________.

A:behavior

B:naming

C:contexts

D:concepts

答案:ABCDPredicationanalysisistobreakdownpredicationsintotheirconstituents:________and________.

A:head

B:predicate

C:argument

D:complement

答案:BCThepredicationofthesentence“Jackishappy”issaidtoconsistofJack,the_________,andhappy,thepredicate.

A:argument

B:predicate

C:predication

D:subject

答案:AThesenserelationsbetweenwordscanbeanalyzedintermsoftruthconditions.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AAsforgradableantonyms,thedenialofoneistheassertionoftheother.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AApairofcomplementaryantonymsischaracterizedbythefeaturethatthedenialofonememberimpliestheassertionoftheother.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BTheconceptofREFERENCEcanberegardedasaconnectionbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BAccordingtotheclassicsemantictrianglesuggestedbyOgdenandRichards,themeaningofawordistheconceptconnectingthewordwiththerealthingintheworld.ThisconceptiscalledReferenceorThought.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:A第六章測(cè)試Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategoryactsharethesamepurposeorthesameillocutionaryact,andtheyarethesameintheirstrengthorforce.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BConversationparticipantsalmostalwaysobservetheCPandthemaximsoftheCP.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BAsentenceisgrammaticalconcept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedastheabstractintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofapredication

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BUtteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyinacontext.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BAlltheutterancethatcanbemadetoservethesamepurposemayvaryintheir________form.

A:syntactic

B:semantic

C:pragmatic

D:grammatical

答案:ATheCooperativePrincipleisproposedby________.

A:JohnLyons

B:PaulGrice

C:JohnAustin

D:JohnSearle

答案:BThemaximofquantityrequires:________.

A:Donotsaysomethingthatisnotrelevant.

B:Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.

C:Donotmakecontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.

D:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired.

答案:CDMostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto________.

A:alloftheoptions

B:speechacttheory

C:conversationalimplicatures

D:utterancemeaning

答案:CThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey________isliterallysaid.

A:thesameas

B:lessthan

C:morethan

D:noneofthe

options

答案:C第七章測(cè)試ThefollowingistheclippedwordsEXCEPT________.

A:cam

B:fridge

C:info

D:butch

答案:DAsaresultoftheNormanConquestof1066,vastquantitiesof________wordswereaddedtotheEnglishvocabulary.

A:German

B:Latin

C:Roman

D:French

答案:DMorphologicalandsyntacticchangesinEnglishlanguageincludingthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A:processofsimplification

B:lossofinflections

C:changeinagreementrule

D:analogicchange

答案:DThefollowingarethemethodsfortheadditionofnewwordsEXCEPT________.

A:clipping

B:meaningshift

C:back-formation

D:blending

答案:BThemeaningofwordaccidenthasundergonetheprocessof________.

A:meaningdegradation

B:narrowingofmeaning

C:meaningelevation

D:wideningofmeaning

答案:BThewordpioneerusedtorefertoafootsoldierwhoclearedthewayforanyarmybyfallingtrees,butnowitreferstoapersonwhogoesbefore,preparingthewayforothers,asascientistdoingexploratorywork.Thisprocessofchangeiscalled________.

A:meaningdegradation

B:wideningofmeaning

C:meaningelevation

D:narrowingofmeaning

答案:CWhichofthefollowingwordsareformedbyclipping?

A:sci-fi

B:comfy

C:bookkeep

D:docudrama

E:script

答案:BEOnlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AAlltheformerjobtitleswith-manhavebeenreplacedbythenewjobtitleswith-person.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AThechangeofgrammariscausedbyeconomyofmemory.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:A第八章測(cè)試Someonewhocanspeakmanylanguagesiscalled________.

A:Linguist

B:Bilingualist

C:Genius

D:Polyglot

答案:DThesocialfactorsinsociolinguisticstudiesdoinclude________.

A:Socialclass

B:Educationalbackground

C:Occupation

D:Socialhierarchy

答案:ABCDEthnicdialectsaremainlyspokenbyalessprivilegedpopulation,suchasthe________.

A:BlackEnglish

B:Queen’sEnglish

C:AmericanEnglish

D:BritishEnglish

答案:ACode-switchingcanhappenin________.

A:Germany

B:Hongkong

C:Macao

D:Belgium

答案:ABCDFromdifferentperspectives,sociolinguisticsmaybeclassifiedinto________.

A:Broadsociolinguisticsandnarrowsociolinguistics

B:Macro-sociolinguisticsandmicro-sociolinguistics

C:Sociolinguisticsandsocialdialects

D:Sociolinguisticsandsociologyoflanguage

答案:ABDGendervarietiesarisebecauselanguage,asasocialphenomenon,iscloselyrelatedtosocialattitudes.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AMacro-studiesaretolookatsocietyasawholeandconsiderhowlanguagefunctionsinitandhowitreflectsthesocialdifferentiations.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AForasociolinguist,code-switchingmeanstheswitchmadebyaspeakerorwriterfromonelanguageorlanguagevarietytoanother.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BGreekdoesnotbelongtoIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BInsociolinguistics,code-switchingistheuseofmorethanonelinguisticvarietyinamannerconsistentwiththesyntaxandphonologyofeachvariety.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:B第九章測(cè)試Languageisheavilytintedwithitsculture,andculturealsoaffectsitspeople’slanguageuses.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AAcculturationmeansacontinuingprocesswherebyanindividualacquiresapersonalidentityandlearnsthenorms,values,behavior,andsocialskillsappropriatetohisorhersocialposition.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BTheappearanceofloanwordsisonetypicalexampleofculturaldiffusion.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:ALanguageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother,anditisextremelydifficulttoseparatethetwo.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:ATheignoranceofculturaldifferenceswillnotnecessarilycreatebarriersinlearningthetargetlanguageandincommunication.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BDenotativemeaningreferstothemeaningthatisn’tstatedbutimplied;theimplicationofaword,apartfromitsprimarymeaning.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BAsthesayinggoes“Aman’shomeishiscastle”,westernpeopleplaceahighvalueon________.

A:proverb

B:compliment

C:addressing

D:privacy

答案:DSuccessfulcommunicationoccurswhenthelistenercan________fromthespeaker’spointofview.

A:smellthings

B:seethings

C:understandthewaysofknowingtheworld

D:sensethefeelingstogivenissues

答案:BCDIncross-culturalcommunication,________arekeypointstomutualunderstandingandcanserveasthebridgethatwillhelpustranscendculturalbarriers.

A:sensitivity

B:sincerity

C:honesty

D:nationalism

答案:BCAlinguisticsignmaysimultaneouslyhave________meaningswhichareboundwithculturalencodingsorassociations.

A:ironic

B:connotative

C:associative

D:denotative

答案:ABD第十章測(cè)試Thecommondenialthatbirdsareanimalsamongveryyoungchildrenisatypicalexampleofover-extension.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:ADyslexiareferstotheabnormaldifficultyinreadingandspellingcausedbyabrainlesion.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BAccordingtothebehavioristviewoflanguageacquisition,________and________arepreliminaryorfundamental,anddiscriminationandgeneralizationarecrucialorkeytolanguagedevelopment.

A:innermechanism

B:imitation

C:pre-equippedUG

D:practice

答案:BDAccordingtotheinteractionistviewoflanguageacquisition,languagedevelopmentisaresultofthecomplexinteractionbetween________and________.

A:thereinforcementthechildhasreceived

B:theconceptsthechildhasformedabouttheworld

C:theenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops

D:thehumancharacteristicsofthechild

答案:CDManystudiesofchildren’sacquisitionsequencesanderrorsinvariouslanguageshaverevealedthatchildrenhavesome________formakingsenseoflanguageinformation.

A:reinforcementprinciples

B:grammarprinciples

C:operatingprinciples

D:rewardprinciples

答案:CAccordingtoChomsky,humanbeingsarenotbiologicallyprogrammedforlanguageandthelanguagedevelopsinthechildwithextremeattentionandefforts.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BTheinnatistsarguethatchildrencandiscovertherulesandprinciplesunderneaththelanguagebytrialanderror.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AThespeechcontainscontentwordsandlacksfunctionelementscanbecalled________.

A:motherese

B:caretakertalk

C:childdirectedspeech

D:telegraphicspeech

答案:DAchildmaygetconfusedhearingthecolorofwhiteusedforpaperbecauseheoriginallythoughtitasthewordonlyforsnow.Thisphenomenonbelongsto________.

A:analogy

B:under-extension

C:over-extension

D:overgeneralization

答案:BWhichofthefollowingisthetermmeaningrepetitionofsounds,syllables,orphraseswherethespeakercannot“release”thewords?

A:dysgraphia

B:autism

C:stuttering

D:aphasia

答案:C第十一章測(cè)試Interlanguageisdefinedasanabstractsystemoflearners’targetlanguagesystem.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AThegoalofcontrastiveanalysisistopredictwhatareaswillbeeasytolearnandwhatareaswillbedifficulttolearn.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AContrastiveanalysisinvolvesdescribingthelearners’interlanguage,thencomparingthetwoformstolocatemismatches.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplelearntheirfirstlanguageconsciouslyandacquiretheirsecondlanguagenaturally.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BMistakesoftenoccurwhenlearnersfailtoperformtheircompetence,suggestingfailurein________.

A:competence

B:knowledge

C:attention

D:performance

答案:D________errorsoccurwhenthelearnermisusesanitembecauseitsharesfeatureswithaniteminthenativelanguage.

A:developmental

B:transfer

C:intralingual

D:interlingual

答案:BDAccordingtoKrashen,________and________weretwoindependentmeansorroutesofsecondlanguagelearning.

A:transfer

B:learning

C:acquisition

D:input

答案:BC*“Ilosedthegame.”and“Therearetensheeps.”areillustrationsof________andperformanceerrors.

A:cross-association

B:transfermistakes

C:developmentalmistakes

D:overgeneralization

答案:DItisgenerallyacceptedthatsuccessfullearnerstendtousemorestrategiesandusethemmoreselectivelyandflexibly.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BAccordingtocontrastiveanalysis,thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenL1andL2,themorefrequentlytheerrorwilloccur.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:A第十二章測(cè)試________producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.

A:Wernicke’saphasic

B:Thelinguisticdeprivation

C:Thedamageontheangulargyrus

D:Broca’saphasic

答案:A________isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

A:Psycholinguistics

B:Sociolinguistics

C:Linguistics

D:Semantics

答案:AThebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

A:cerebrums

B:hemispheres

C:cortexes

D:stems

答案:BWhichofthefollowingpartsofthebrainaccountsforthehumandistinctnessintheanimalworld?

A:cerebrum

B:neuron

C:brainstem

D:cerebralcortex

答案:DWhichofthefollowingmethodsareusedtoexaminethebehaviorassociatedwiththebrain?

A:autopsystudies

B:CET

C:SAT

D:splitbrainstudies

E:dichoticlistening

答案:DELefthemisphereisprimarilyresponsibleforlanguageandtherearespecificlanguageareaswithinthelefthemisphere.

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AIthasbeenprovedthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignal.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)