派生詞(derivation)加前綴：happy unhappy加后綴：develop development既加前綴又加后綴：employunemployment常見(jiàn)的否定前綴前綴意義用法例 詞un-不，未(=not)加在形容詞或副詞前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反動(dòng)作加在動(dòng)詞前uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-,il-im-,ir-不，非，無(wú)加在形容詞或其派生的名詞或副詞前incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名詞或形容詞前dishonour,羞辱表示相反加在動(dòng)詞前dislike,disbelieve表示分離剝奪除去加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前discharge,排出dismiss解雇mis-表示錯(cuò)、誤加在名詞、動(dòng)詞或及其派生詞前mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding誤解anti-相反，相互對(duì)立加在名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞前antiwar反戰(zhàn)的antipathy反感antithesis對(duì)立；反論antibacterial抗菌的antibody抗體antisocial反社會(huì)的de-表示"去掉，變壞，L^JJ-L亦離開(kāi)，變慢，向下"等加在名詞前deforest砍伐森林devalue降低價(jià)值decode破譯detrain下火車(chē)degrade降級(jí)ill-不加在名詞、形容詞前虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不禮貌的ill-mannerednon-表示“不,非”加在名詞、形容詞、副詞或作形容詞的分詞上nonexistenta.不存在的nonsmokinga.不準(zhǔn)吸煙的nonstopa.直達(dá)的

表示時(shí)間和其他關(guān)系的前綴前綴意義用法例詞re-表示：再次，重新用于動(dòng)詞及派生名詞名詞、形容詞及其它名詞前仁again)renew,續(xù)借reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore-表示：時(shí)間或位置的“在前面”加在動(dòng)詞或名詞前(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell預(yù)言，foreknow預(yù)卜pre-表?。涸谇啊⑹孪?、預(yù)先加在名詞或形容詞前(=before,infront,inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistorypost-表示：時(shí)間和順序的“在后邊”加在名詞或形容詞前(=after,behind)post-war,post-graduatea-表示：在之上，向，在里加在動(dòng)詞或名詞前，構(gòu)成派生形容詞、副詞或介詞asleep,along,aloud,,alive,acrossco-表示：聯(lián)合、共同加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前co-worker,coexistco-own,co-ownerinter-表示：“互相”、“在一起”加在名詞、形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞(=between,among)interchange,internationalmid-表示：中間加在名詞前(=middle)midday,midnightsuper-表示：高級(jí)、在之上加在名詞前(=above,over,upon)superpower,超級(jí)大國(guó)，superstructure上層建筑over-超過(guò)加在動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞前overstudyn.用功過(guò)度overworkn.過(guò)度勞累overactv.表演過(guò)火overdosen.藥物過(guò)量overproductionn.生產(chǎn)過(guò)度overcrowdeda.擠滿的ex-表示"前面的，前任的"加在名詞前ex-wife前妻ex-president前任總統(tǒng)ex-主="山UJ土"表示出，出去exclude排外expel趕出，逐出expose暴露exalt使升高extract抽出，拔出excise切除exceed超過(guò)，超出exhale呼氣multi-表示“很多，很多”multimediaa.多媒體的multiculturala.多種文化的multiforma.多種多樣的

tele-表示遠(yuǎn)的telephone,televisionmicro-表示“微，小”microscope顯微鏡microworld微觀世界microwave微波microbiology微生物學(xué)microfilm微縮膠卷auto-自動(dòng)的automobile汽車(chē)autobiography自傳vice-表示“副”vice-president副總統(tǒng)vice-manager副經(jīng)理macro-表示“大，宏大”Mamacroscopic（宏觀）eco-生態(tài)的生態(tài)學(xué)ecology生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecosystem生態(tài)友好的eco-friendlySino-中國(guó)的中日的Sino-Japanese中石化Sinopecsub-“潛，在下面，次一等，副手”潛意識(shí)（的）subconscioussubtropics亞熱帶subtitle副標(biāo)題bi-表示兩個(gè),雙邊bi-bicolor（雙色的），bicycletri-三個(gè)三輪車(chē)tricycle三角形triangletrans-“變換，改變，轉(zhuǎn)移”tranplant移植transaction交易；辦理transcribe抄與，轉(zhuǎn)錄transfigure改觀；變形transfuse輸血；充滿

常見(jiàn)的后綴表示人和物的名詞后綴后綴意義用法例詞表示人-er從事..?職業(yè)的人，做..?的人，…地方的人加在動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞上teacher,workerlearner,-or與-er同義外來(lái)后綴，加在外來(lái)詞上visitor,conductoreducator,translator-eer從事于...的人用于外來(lái)詞engineer,volunteermountaineer-ess女...的加于名詞后，表示陰性actress,waitress-ician...（專(zhuān)）家，...工作者加在以-ic結(jié)尾的名詞或形容詞上physician,politicianmusician-ist從事...職業(yè)的人，從事某種…文藝、學(xué)術(shù)的人，…主義者加在名詞上，或-ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞上，或以-al結(jié)尾的其它詞上artist,socialistcommunistphysicist表示物-er表示從事某工作的物加在動(dòng)詞和名詞或復(fù)合詞上washer,洗衣機(jī)-or表示從事某工作的物加在動(dòng)詞上conductor,導(dǎo)體，后綴-er構(gòu)詞能力

用 法例 詞表示“人”，加在動(dòng)詞上listener,adviser,speaker,writer,driver,teacher,worker,singer,leader,waiter,runner,discoverer,explorer,maker表示“人”，加在名詞上banker,,officer,lawyer,prisoner,geographer,joker,表示“人”，加在某些地點(diǎn)名詞或某些形容詞Londoner,NewYorker,villager,Britisher,southerner,foreigner,outsider,stranger表示“人”，加在復(fù)合詞上housekeeper,管家，looker-on,旁觀者表示“物”，加在動(dòng)詞上washer,boiler,container,lighter,打火機(jī)drawer,表示“物”，加在名詞上steamer,蒸籠washer,表示“物”，加在復(fù)合詞上loudspeaker,既表示“人”也表示“物”，加在動(dòng)詞上fighter,戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)printer,打印機(jī)印刷者recorder,ruler抽象名詞和集合名詞的后綴-agemarriage,luggage,postage郵費(fèi)-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-itymajority,opportunity,-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance,-domkingdom,wisdom,freedom-ydifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval,-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,兄弟情誼，-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-erybravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery后綴為-ion的名詞

規(guī)貝U例 詞幾乎所有以-ate結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)槊~時(shí)首先去掉e再加-cate/education,liberate/liberation,translate/translation,graduate/graduation,separate/separation,operate/operation多數(shù)以-t結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接在詞尾加-ion,少數(shù)以-te結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞首先去掉e再加-ion.act/action,invent/invention,inspect/inspection,elect/election,select/selection,connect/connection,collect/collection,instruct/instruction,devote/devotion,pollute/pollution多數(shù)以-ss結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加-ion.discuss/discussion,oppress/oppression,express/expression,possess/possession多數(shù)以-de結(jié)尾與少數(shù)以-d結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先把-de或-d變成-s再加-ion.decide/decision,divide/division,provide/provision,invade/invasion,expand/expansion,extend/extension以-mit結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把t變成-ss,再力口-ion.admit/admission,commit/commission,承諾permit/permission,transmit/transmission轉(zhuǎn)交多數(shù)以-fy結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先把y改成i再加-cation,少數(shù)以-efy或-fy結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先去掉y再加-action.satisfy/satisfaction,modify/modification,修改有些動(dòng)詞不是加-ion,而是加-ition,-tion,-ation或-sion而變成名詞，其中有些詞根因讀音關(guān)系而發(fā)生了變化。add/addition,attend/attention,absorb/absorption,describe/description,produce/production,reduce/reduction,solve/solution,determine/determination,explain/explanation,found/foundation,observe/observation,transport/transportation形容詞后綴后綴意義用法例詞-able可/能…的加在名詞或及物動(dòng)詞后valuable,horrible,-al有…性質(zhì)的加在名詞后natural,technical,actual-ant,-ent…的加在外來(lái)動(dòng)詞詞干上important,pleasant,excellent-ic,-ical...性質(zhì)的，與…有關(guān)的加在外來(lái)詞干的名詞上atomic原子,electric,電動(dòng)basic基本的-ish稍帶...的，…氣的，...民族的，…語(yǔ)的加在名詞或形容詞上用于民族國(guó)家地名之上feverish,childish,bookish書(shū)呆子English,Spanish-ive有…傾向的/性質(zhì)的加在動(dòng)詞上instructive,教育性expensive-ful充滿…的，引起…的加在名詞或少數(shù)名詞上thankful,powerful,tearful-less無(wú)/不…的，不能…的加在名詞或動(dòng)詞上homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充滿…的，有…特性的加在名詞上dangerous,famous,nervous-y有/多…的，想…的加在名詞上cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有…的，有…特征的加在名詞或動(dòng)詞上tired,interested,回團(tuán)6~博學(xué)-en由…構(gòu)（制）成的加在物質(zhì)名詞上wooden,earthen,woolen-ern…方的加在表示方位的名詞上eastern,western,southern-ly有…性質(zhì)的，…形狀的加在名詞或形容詞上yearly,daily,orderly,lively副詞后綴

后綴用法及意義例詞-ly加在形容詞之后表示某種狀態(tài)cheerfully,slightly,simply,possibly,excitedly表示某個(gè)方面economically,technically表示程度或范圍complete