四級(jí)考試真題（第三套）Part=1\*ROMANIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part=2\*ROMANIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)卷三聽力部分與卷二相同。Part=3\*ROMANIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwillmatchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecruelestcrimes-animalfighting-things26workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare27andkilledforprofitand“sport,”yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea28sentenceforcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convictedanimalfightersonlygetprobation（緩刑）.Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution（起訴）ofanimalfighters.ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuidelineswhenthey29penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelinesareoutdatedandextremely30.TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which31thesesentencingguidelines,isrevisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-27months,Thisisastepintheright32,butwe’dliketoseetheU.S.SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.Alongwiththiseffort,we’reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateandfederallawmakersto33anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellassupportinglawsandpoliciesthatassistbecausethehighanimal34thatcareforanimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis35importantbecausethehighcostofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefromgettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)convenientB)createsC)criticallyD)determineE)directionF)hesitateG)inadequateH)inspiredI)methodJ)minimalK)rarelyL)sheltersM)strengthenN)sufferingsO)torturedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhenWorkBecomesaGame

[A]Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwithcoworkers,forsome.Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentofproblem-solving,foraluckyfew.

[B]Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectlythroughwhathascometobeknownas“gamification”:essentially,turningworkintoagame.“Gamificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakesgamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperienceingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontextssuchastheworkplaceandeducation,”explainsKevinWerbach,agamificationexpertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.

[C]Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigitalleaderboardandofferingprizestothewinners,orgivingemployeesdigitalbadgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomeantrainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.CompaniesfromGoogletoL’OréaltoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesomedegreeofgamificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesarejoiningthem.Arecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarketwillgrowfrom$1.65billionin2021to$11.1billionby2021.[D]Theconceptofgamificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengagepeople’sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeen“gamifying”itssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan100years,headds,andtheturn-of-the-centurysteelmagnate（巨頭）CharlesSchwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohismotivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.[E]Buttheword“gamification”andthewidespread,consciousapplicationoftheconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanksinparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceisespeciallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgamified.“Weareatapointwhereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoungpeoplegrewupplayingvideogames,andanincreasinglyhighpercentageofadultplaythesevideogamestoo,”Werbachsays.[F]Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup-GamEffective,BunchballandBadgeville,tonameafew-inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatformsforbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees’ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative.“Whatmakesagamemage-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,”Werbachsays.Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroupofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology.[G]Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeopleoftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamificationmightbeturningtheirsalespitchesintoacompetitionwithotherteammembers,completewithadigitalleaderboardshowingwhoiswinningatalltimes.Othersaremoremotivatedbycollaborationandsocialexperiences.OnecompanyWerbachhasstudiedusesgamificationtocreateasenseofcommunityandboostemployees’morale(士氣).Whenemployeeslogintotheircomputers,they’reshownapictureofoneoftheircoworkersandaskedtoguessthatperson’sname.[H]Gamificationdoesnothavetobedigital.MonicaCornettirunsacompanythatgamifiesemployeetrainings.Sometimesthisinvolvestechnology,butoftenitdoesnot.Sherecentlydesignedagamificationstrategyforasalestrainingcompanywithastorm-chasingtheme.Employeesformed“stormchaserteams”andcompetedinstorm-themededucationalexercisestoearnvariousrewards.“Rewardsdonothavetobestuff,”Cornettisays.“Rewardscanbeflexibleworkinghours.”Anothertraining,thisoneforpayrolllaw,usedaSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfstheme.“SnowWhite”isavailableforeveryonetouse,butthe“dwarfs”arestillundercopyright,soCornettiinventedsound-alikecharacters(GrumpyGuys,DopeyDan)toillustratespecificpayrolllawprinciples.[I]Somepeopledonottakenaturallytogamifiedworkenvironments,Cornettisays.Inherexperience,peopleinpositionsofpowerofpeopleinfinanceorengineeringdonottendtolikethesoundoftheword.“Ifwearedesigningforengineers,I’mnottalkingabouta‘game’atall”,Cornettisays.“I’mtalkingabouta‘simulation’(模擬),I’mtalkingabout‘beingabletosolvethisproblem.’”[J]Gamificationis“notamagicbullet,”Werbachwarns.Agamificationstrategythatisnotsufficientlythoughtthroughorwelltailoredtoitsplayersmayengagepeopleforalittlewhile,butitwillnotmotivatepeopleinthelongterm.Itcanalsobeexploitive,especiallywhenusedwithvulnerablepopulations.Forworkers,especiallylow-paidworkers,whodesperatelyneedtheirjobsyetknowtheycanbeeasilyreplaced,gamificationmayfeelmoreliketheHungerGames.WerbachgivestheexampleofseveralDisneylandhotelsinAnaheim,California,whichusedlargedigitalleaderboardstodisplayhowefficientlylaundryworkerswereworkingcomparedtooneanother.Someemployeesfoundtheboardmotivating.Toothers,itwastheoppositeoffun.Somebegantostoptakingbathroombreaks,worriedthatiftheirproductivityfelltheywouldbefired.Pregnantemployeesstruggledtokeepup.InaLosAngelesTimesarticle,oneemployeereferredtotheboardasa“digitalwhip.”“Itactuallyhadaverynegativeeffectonmoraleandperformance,”Werbachsays.[K]Still,gamificationonlystandstobecomemorepopular,hesays,“asmoreandmorepeoplecomeintotheworkforcewhoarefamiliarwiththestructuresandexpressionsofdigitalgames.”“Wearefarfromreachingpeak,”Cornettiagrees.“Thereisnoreasonthiswillgoaway.”36.Somefamouscompaniesarealreadyusinggamificationandmorearetryingtodothesame.37.Gamificationisnotamiraclecureforallworkplacesasitmayhavenegativeresults.38.Toenhancemorale,onecompanyasksitsemployeestoidentifytheirfellowworkerswhenstartingtheircomputers.39.Theideaofgamifacationwaspracticedbysomebusinessesmorethanacenturyago.40.Thereisreasontobelievethatgamificationwillbeheretostay.41.Videogamescontributedinsomewaystothewideapplicationofgamification.42.Whenturningworkintoagame,itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmakesgamesinteresting.43.Gamificationinemployeetrainingdoesnotalwaysneedtechnology.44.Themostsuccessfulgamificationplatformstransformdailyworkassignmentsintofunexperiences.45.Itisnecessarytousetermsotherthan“gamification”forsomeprofessions.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto“solveproblems-realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired-nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings-hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse(信息交流中心)forusinginclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham(欺詐)ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems-classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being-mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic(官僚的)mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway-thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?A)Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.B)Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.C)Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.D)Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.47.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitylackmost?A)Goodclassroomteachers.C)Talentedreaearchers.B)Efficientadministrators.D)Motivatedstudents.48.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?A)Theyfacilitatestudents’independentlearning.B)Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.C)Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.D)Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?A)Itrequirestalentandpractice.B)Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.C)Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents’learning.D)Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.50.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?A)Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.B)Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.C)Usinghightechnologyinclassroomandpromotingexchangeofinformation.D)Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogotoclassrooms.PassageTwo Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago-byMcDonald’s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity’sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards-likethetoysinMcDonald’shappymeals-stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket,witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.“Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,”saysReimann.Hetheorizethatitistheemotioncomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmaketheneffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.“Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,”saysReimann.“Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional‘thrills’.Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastate-ofhope-astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.”Inotherwords,there’sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspaweekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant-andmakeyoueatalittleless.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。51.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald’sinclusionoftoysinitshappymeals?A)Itmayshedlightonpeople’sdesiretocrackasecret.B)IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald’sbusinesssuccess.C)Itappealstokid’scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.D)Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.52.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?A)ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald’smore.B)Morekidsandadultsdon’tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.C)Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.D)Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.53.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann’sfinding?A)Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.B)Adultschoosethesmallerportiononthemorepromiseofafutureaward.C)Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.D)Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.54.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?A)Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizeisatwork.B)Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.C)Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleaward.D)Thedesireforafuturerewardsisoverwhelming.55.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann’sfinding?A)Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.B)MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald’sexample.C)Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.D)Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.Part=4\*ROMANIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在中國(guó)文化中，黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色，因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的象征意義。在封建（feudal）社會(huì)中，它象征著統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)利和權(quán)威。那時(shí)，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國(guó)，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時(shí)，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

咖啡店創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃書第一部分：背景在中國(guó)，人們?cè)絹?lái)越愛喝咖啡。隨之而來(lái)的咖啡文化充滿生活的每個(gè)時(shí)刻。無(wú)論在家里、還是在辦公室或各種社交場(chǎng)合，人們都在品著咖啡?？Х戎饾u與時(shí)尚、現(xiàn)代生活聯(lián)系在一齊。遍布各地的咖啡屋成為人們交談、聽音樂(lè)、休息的好地方，咖啡豐富著我們的生活，也縮短了你我之間的距離，咖啡逐漸發(fā)展為一種文化。隨著咖啡這一有著悠久歷史飲品的廣為人知，咖啡正在被越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)人所理解。第二部分：項(xiàng)目介紹第三部分：創(chuàng)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)目前大學(xué)校園的這片市場(chǎng)還是空白，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力小。而且前期投資也不是很高，此刻國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，有一系列的優(yōu)惠政策以及貸款支持。再者大學(xué)生往往對(duì)未來(lái)充滿期望，他們有著年輕的血液、蓬勃的朝氣，以及初生牛犢不怕虎的精神，而這些都是一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者就應(yīng)具備的素質(zhì)。大學(xué)生在學(xué)校里學(xué)到了很多理論性的東西，有著較高層次的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，現(xiàn)代大學(xué)生有創(chuàng)新精神，有對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀念和傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)的信心和欲望，而這種創(chuàng)新精神也往往造就了大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的動(dòng)力源泉，成為成功創(chuàng)業(yè)的精神基礎(chǔ)。大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的最大好處在于能提高自己的潛力、增長(zhǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以及學(xué)以致用;最大的誘人之處是透過(guò)成功創(chuàng)業(yè)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己的理想，證明自己的價(jià)值。第四部分：預(yù)算1、咖啡店店面費(fèi)用咖啡店店面是租賃建筑物。與建筑物業(yè)主經(jīng)過(guò)協(xié)商，以合同形式達(dá)成房屋租賃協(xié)議。協(xié)議資料包括房屋地址、面積、結(jié)構(gòu)、使用年限、租賃費(fèi)用、支付費(fèi)用方法等。租賃的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是投資少、回收期限短。預(yù)算10-15平米店面，啟動(dòng)費(fèi)用大約在9-12萬(wàn)元。2、裝修設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用咖啡店的滿座率、桌面的周轉(zhuǎn)率以及氣候、節(jié)日等因素對(duì)收益影響較大?？Х瑞^的消費(fèi)卻相對(duì)較高，主要針對(duì)的也是學(xué)生人群，咖啡店布局、格調(diào)及采用何種材料和咖啡店效果圖、平面圖、施工圖的設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用，大約6000元左右3、裝修、裝飾費(fèi)用具體費(fèi)用包括以下幾種。(1)外墻裝飾費(fèi)用。包括招牌、墻面、裝飾費(fèi)用。(2)店內(nèi)裝修費(fèi)用。包括天花板、油漆、裝飾費(fèi)用，木工、等費(fèi)用。(3)其他裝修材料的費(fèi)用。玻璃、地板、燈具、人工費(fèi)用也應(yīng)計(jì)算在內(nèi)。整體預(yù)算按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝修費(fèi)用為360元/平米，裝修費(fèi)用共360*15=5400元。4、設(shè)備設(shè)施購(gòu)買費(fèi)用具體設(shè)備主要有以下種類。(1)沙發(fā)、桌、椅、貨架。共計(jì)2250元(2)音響系統(tǒng)。共計(jì)450(3)吧臺(tái)所用的烹飪?cè)O(shè)備、儲(chǔ)存設(shè)備、洗滌設(shè)備、加工保溫設(shè)備。共計(jì)600(4)產(chǎn)品制造使用所需的吧臺(tái)、咖啡杯、沖茶器、各種小碟等。共計(jì)300凈水機(jī)，采用美的品牌，這種凈水器每一天能生產(chǎn)12l純凈水，每一天銷售咖啡及其他飲料100至200杯，價(jià)格大約在人民幣1200元上下?？Х葯C(jī)，咖啡機(jī)選取的是電控半自動(dòng)咖啡機(jī)，咖啡機(jī)的報(bào)價(jià)此刻就應(yīng)在人民幣350元左右，加上另外的附件也不會(huì)超過(guò)1200元。磨豆機(jī)，價(jià)格在330―480元之間。冰砂機(jī)，價(jià)格大約是400元一臺(tái)，有點(diǎn)要說(shuō)明的是，最好是買兩臺(tái)，不然夏天也許會(huì)不夠用。制冰機(jī)，從制冰量上來(lái)說(shuō)，一般是要留有富余?？钪票鶛C(jī)每一天的制冰量是12kg。價(jià)格稍高550元，質(zhì)量較好，所以能夠用很多年，這么算來(lái)也是比較合算的。5、首次備貨費(fèi)用包括購(gòu)買常用物品及低值易耗品，吧臺(tái)用各種咖啡豆、奶、茶、水果、冰淇淋等的費(fèi)用。大約1000元6、開業(yè)費(fèi)用開業(yè)費(fèi)用主要包括以下幾種。(1)營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照辦理費(fèi)、登記費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi);預(yù)計(jì)3000元(2)營(yíng)銷廣告費(fèi)用;預(yù)計(jì)450元7、周轉(zhuǎn)金開業(yè)初期，咖啡店要準(zhǔn)備必須量的流動(dòng)資金，主要用于咖啡店開業(yè)初期的正常運(yùn)營(yíng)。預(yù)計(jì)20