大家好！脊柱英語解剖專家講座第1頁脊柱Vertebralcolumn基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院人體解剖教研室脊柱英語解剖專家講座第2頁Thevertebralcolumn脊柱consistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.

脊柱英語解剖專家講座第3頁一、Vertebrae椎骨Thereare33vertebraeinchildren,arrangedasfollows:Cervicalvertebrae頸椎C.7Thoracicvertebrae

胸椎T.12Lumbarvertebrae

腰椎L.5Sacralvertebrae

骶椎S.5sacrum骶骨Coccygealvertebrae

尾椎Co.3~4coccyx尾骨脊柱英語解剖專家講座第4頁GeneralfeaturesofvertebraeVertebralbody椎體Vertebralarch椎弓pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根:sup.andinf.Vertebralnotch

椎上、下切跡

laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板process(7):spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess橫突sup.andinf.articularprocesses上、下關(guān)節(jié)突Vertebralforamen椎孔

Vertebralcanal椎管Intervertebralforamen椎間孔脊柱英語解剖專家講座第5頁RegionalvariationsofvertebraeCervicalvertebraeVertebraeBody:smallVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:shortandbifidinC3toC5,longinC6,andlongerinC7Transverseprocesses:shortandbifid,transverseforamen橫突孔Articularprocesses:horizontal脊柱英語解剖專家講座第6頁AtypicalvertebeaeAtlas寰椎(C1)Bodyandspinousprocessabsent,consistsofanteriorandposteriorarches,andtwolateralmassesGrooveforvertebralartery椎動(dòng)脈溝脊柱英語解剖專家講座第7頁Axis樞椎(C2):distinguishedbydens齒突whicharticulateswithdentalfoveaofanteriorarchofatlas脊柱英語解剖專家講座第8頁Carotidtubercle:頸動(dòng)脈結(jié)節(jié):anteriortubercleoftransverseprocessofC6Vertebraprominens

隆椎(C7):containslongandnon-bifidspinousprocess,itisvisiblewithneckflexed,usedasclinicallandmarkincountingcervicalandthoracicspinousprocesses脊柱英語解剖專家講座第9頁Thoracicvertebrae

VertebraeBody：

heart-shape,superiorandinferiorcostalfovea上、下肋凹Vertebralforamen：

smaller,rounder

Spinousprocesses：

long,pointobliquelydownward

Transverseprocesses：transversecostalfovea橫突肋凹

Articularprocesses:coronal

脊柱英語解剖專家講座第10頁Lumbarvertebrae

VertebraeBody：larger,kidney-shapeVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:projectshorizontallyTransverseprocesses:longArticularprocesses:sagittal脊柱英語解剖專家講座第11頁Sacrum

Anteriorsurface:

promontory岬,anteriorsacralforamina

骶前孔(fourpairs)

Posteriorsurface:

mediansacralcrest骶正中嵴,posteriorsacralforamina(fourpairs),sacralhiatus骶管裂孔，sacral

cornu骶角Lateralpart:

auricularsurface耳狀面,sacraltuberosity骶粗隆脊柱英語解剖專家講座第12頁二、ArticulationsofVertebrae

椎骨連結(jié)JointsofthevertebralbodiesJointsofthevertebralarches脊柱英語解剖專家講座第13頁1.Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎體間連結(jié)Intervertebraldiscs

椎間盤betweenbodiesofadjacentvertebrae,composedof:Nucleuspulpous髓核,aninnersoft,pulpy,highlyelasticstructure(gelatinouscore)Annulusfibrosus纖維環(huán)

anouterfibrousringconsistingoffibrocartilage脊柱英語解剖專家講座第14頁Anteriorlongitudinalligament

前縱韌帶StrongbandcoveringtheanteriorpartofthevertebralbodiesandintervertebraldiscsrunningfromtheanteriormarginofforamenmagnumtotheS1~S2MaintainsstabilityoftheintervertebraldiscandpreventshyperextensionofthevertebralcolumnPosteriorlongitudinalligament后縱韌帶AttachedtotheposterioraspectoftheintervertebraldiscsandposterioredgesofthevertebralbodiesfromC2vertebratosacrumPreventshyperflexionofthevertebralcolumnandposteriorprotrusionofthediscs脊柱英語解剖專家講座第15頁Herniaofnucleuspulpous

髓核脫出脊柱英語解剖專家講座第16頁2.Jointsofthevertebralarches椎弓間連結(jié)Ligamentaflava

黃韌帶―elasticligament,unitelaminaeofadjacentvertebrae,andcompletetheposteriorwallofvertebralcanal;tendtopreventhyperflexionofthevertebralcolumnInterspinalligament棘間韌帶Supraspinalligament棘上韌帶Ligamentumnuchae項(xiàng)韌帶

Intertansverseligament橫突間韌帶Zygapophysialjoint關(guān)節(jié)突關(guān)節(jié)脊柱英語解剖專家講座第17頁三、Atlantooccipitaljoint

寰枕關(guān)節(jié)BetweensuperiorarticulatingsurfacesofatlasandoccipitalcondylesSupportedbymembrancesandligamentsthatjoinoccipitalboneandatlasAction―noddingofhead,lateraltiltingofhead脊柱英語解剖專家講座第18頁四、Atlantoaxialjoint

寰樞關(guān)節(jié)ThreesynovialjointsbetweenatlasandaxisLaterally,pairedjointsbetweenarticulatingfacesMedianjointbetweendensofaxisandanteriorarchofatlas脊柱英語解剖專家講座第19頁Supportedbyligamentsapicalligamentofdens齒突尖韌帶alarligament翼狀韌帶transverseligamentofatlas寰椎橫韌帶tectorialmembrane覆膜Action―allowatlas(andhead)topivotontheaxisandvertebralcolumn脊柱英語解剖專家講座第20頁五、NormalCurvesofvertebralcolumnCervicalcurvature頸曲

convexforwardThoraciccurvature胸曲

convexba