?????

上海牛津小英語語法識(shí)總結(jié)一現(xiàn)時(shí)?1、義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有usually，often，every，，alwaysat，Sundays表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)間的短語。?2、成：1）當(dāng)謂語是be動(dòng)詞，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主＋be動(dòng)詞其如：Iamastudent.?HeisJim’sfather.?TheyarefromJapan.2）當(dāng)謂語行為詞，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：①主非第三人稱單數(shù)＋動(dòng)原＋他如：IoftenwatchTVtheweekends.??????????????MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.②主第三人稱單數(shù)＋動(dòng)的三稱數(shù)式其他如：JimusuallyvisitshisgrandparentsSundays.???goestheparkwithhermother.??3、動(dòng)詞單式變化規(guī)則：一般情況下，直接加s?如：read-reads以s，x，ch結(jié)尾，加es如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does以輔字＋尾，變y，再加es?如：study-studies不規(guī)則變化如：have-has4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

肯定句watchTVday.ShewatchesTVday.

否定句don’twatchTVday.Shedoesn’t?watchTVeveryday.

一般疑問句及回答—DotheywatchTVeveryday?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.—DoesshewatchTVeveryday?—Yes,she/No,shedoesn’t.???

??現(xiàn)進(jìn)時(shí)?1、義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句中常有now，look，listen詞。如：Iamwashingclothesnow.???Look!LiuTaoisclimbingthetree.???Listen!Janeissinginginmusicroom.?2、成：be動(dòng)（am/is/are）+動(dòng)詞在詞V-ing）?3、動(dòng)詞在詞成：一般是在動(dòng)詞原形后加ing如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)的動(dòng)詞，去掉e，再加ing如：write-writing，ride-riding，take-taking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加ing如：，put-putting，run-runningstop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting?4、動(dòng)名其實(shí)就是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，它既有名詞性質(zhì)（可作主語），又有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語。如：AskingwayMyhobbyiscollecting

Heisgoodskating.?5、在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句

否定句

一般疑問句及回答—now?HeisrunningHeisn’trunningnow.?heis./No,isn’t—Aretheymakingapuppet?aremaking

arenmaking?apuppet.

apuppet.they./No,theyaren’t一過時(shí)1義過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用moment，justnow，，lastweek，thismorning等。如：Mybrotheroftenwenttoschoolbylastterm.watchwasthediaryamomentago.IwatchedthemoonandatecakeslastFestival.Jimwenttothesupermarketyesterday.?2、成主語＋動(dòng)詞過式其他?3、動(dòng)詞去的變化規(guī)則：??

一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ed結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)，加d??

如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted???

輔字＋結(jié)的動(dòng)詞，變y為，再加ed??如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加d??如plan-planned不規(guī)則變化如

am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gavebuy-boughtcome-cameeat-atefly-flewput-putsay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般過去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句HewatchedTVyesterday.gamesjustnow.

否定句HedidnwatchTVyesterday.’tplaygamesjust

一般疑問句及回答—hewatchTVhedid./No,hedidn—theyplaygamesjustnow?theydid/No,theydidn.??一般來?1、定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。句中一般含有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語，如：tomorrow，weekthisafternoon等示將來的時(shí)間狀語。?2、構(gòu)成：①begongto動(dòng)原?如：IamgoingtoaBeijingoperatomorrow.WearegoingtobusstopathalfpastDadaregoingtoseeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.?②will+動(dòng)詞形?如：Theywillswimmingafternoon.

?3、begoing和will區(qū)別①begoingto表示經(jīng)過事先安排、打算或決定要做的事情，基本上一定會(huì)發(fā)生則示有可能去做，但不一定發(fā)生，也常表示說話人的臨時(shí)決定。如：Iamgoingtotakepartinpartythisarecleaningthelibrarynow.I’llgojointhem.?②goingto表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情will表的將來時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如Heisgoingtowritealettertomorrow.??Iwillmeetherday.?③begoing還以用來表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。如Itgoingtorain.4、一般將來時(shí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句

否定句

一般疑問句及回答—IsgoingtohaveapicnicSheistohaveapicnicSheisn’ttohaveatomorrow.picnictomorrow.

tomorrow?sheis/No,sheisn.—Willtheygothiswillgoswimming

willnot(won’t)goswimmingthisafternoon.

they./No,theywon’t?句法1、陳述說明事實(shí)或陳述說話人觀點(diǎn)的句子?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋謂語＋其他1）肯定述?Wealllikevery2）否定述?Hedoesn’tdohouseworkatweekends?3）肯定述改否陳句①一般是在be動(dòng)或情動(dòng)后加notatschoolyesterday.—>Marywasnotatschoolyesterday.

Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Icanmakemodelplane.?②不be動(dòng)詞或態(tài)動(dòng)的行動(dòng)前用動(dòng)的定（dondoesn’t’t）后跟詞的形Helikesdrawingpictures.doesn’tlikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Ididngototheparkyesterday.?4）陳述改一疑句①有be動(dòng)詞情動(dòng)的把be詞情動(dòng)提前??Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>WasMaryatschool??Icanmakeaplane.—>youmakeaplane?②不be動(dòng)詞或態(tài)動(dòng)的子借助詞頭動(dòng)還成形??Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Doeslikedrawingpictures.??Iwenttothepark—>Didyoutopark?2、疑問用來提出問題，詢問情況的句子，末尾用問號(hào)。1）一般問：般疑問句常用來詢問一件事是否屬實(shí)，通常以be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭，用yes或no回答，因此又叫是非疑問句，通常讀升調(diào)。—IsMrGreenfromthe，is./No，heisn—Doyouhavehobbies??—YesIdo./No，don’t.—Canyouplayguitar??—Yes，Ican.No，Ican’t.?2殊問以殊疑問引導(dǎo)求答具體問題能用yes或no回答—Howdoyougotoday??gotoworkby?3）選擇問：供兩種或兩種以上情況，讓對(duì)方選擇，往往用or連接—Wouldyousometeaorcoffee??—Somecoffee,please.?

4）反意問：意疑問句是由陳句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成?！痵afineday,isnit?Yes,itis.?3、祈使表示請(qǐng)求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。1）用于二稱通常省略。①肯定祈使句：Openthedoor,please.?②否定祈使句：Don’tbe?2）用于一稱第三人，通常以letlet后賓格）或shall開。LetmehaveLet’sagamenow.?Letgohomenow.ShallwemeetatthirtyinfronttheGarden??4、感嘆表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾常用感嘆號(hào)!），語氣用降調(diào)。1）what+名詞名性語Whatagarden(itis)!Whatinterestingstorybook(itis)Whatlovelyweather(itis)!Whatprettygirlsare)!?2）how+形詞副＋語動(dòng)Hownice!Howbeautifultheflowersare!HowtallYaoMingis!?5、therebe句型表在某有人或某物。1）主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)用is(was)；語復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)用are(were)。

ThereismilkintheTherearesomepeachesthebask