高考英語閱讀策略之揣測詞義揣測詞義是英語閱讀的一種重要技巧，也是高考中?？嫉念}型，是考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章上下文語境理解及詞匯量等多方面綜合實(shí)力。詞義揣測題常見的考查形式：1)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?2)Thephrase“…”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby_________.3)Theword“…”intheparagraphrefersto______.4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase”…”?5)Bysaying“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.6)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standfor?考查方向：1.熟詞新意，即熟識(shí)詞匯的生疏含義；2.復(fù)合詞的含義的理解，對(duì)于衍生詞匯的理解實(shí)力；3.依據(jù)上下文對(duì)代詞的指代含義的理解實(shí)力；4.依據(jù)上下文對(duì)不相識(shí)單詞的詞義推斷實(shí)力；5.對(duì)諺語、俗語、俚語含義的理解實(shí)力；6.通過近義詞、反義詞和常識(shí)理解詞匯的實(shí)力。Example11.Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofmankind.詞義：_________2.Thetermjamconstitutesastateinwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.詞義：_________3.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.詞義：_________4.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.詞義:_________Skill1：通過定義或說明來揣測定義常由定語從句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，constitute，referto等詞匯或破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，括號(hào)來引導(dǎo)。說明常由or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些詳細(xì)的說明性的短語。Practice1“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.A.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeatExample21.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,EnglishSquare,CrazyEnglish,EnglishLearning.詞義：_________2.Collins

decidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost…詞義：________3.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.詞義：________Skill2：通過舉例揣測常用suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等引出例子。Practice2:IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?＿＿＿A.Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.B.Iwastryingtofindanadmirablejob.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutasuitablejob.D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformorepayatatime.Example31.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.詞義：________2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.詞義：________3.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.詞義：________Skill３：通過同義或反義關(guān)系進(jìn)行揣測表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的常見信息詞有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrast，inspiteof，instead等，有時(shí)也用破折號(hào)或冒號(hào)表示對(duì)比。表示同義的常見信息詞有：or,like,similarly等Practice3:….…indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoviewrightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.Theunderlinedphrase“popup”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“____”.A.developrapidly B.getroundquicklyC.appearimmediatelyD.gooverautomaticallyExample41.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.詞義：________(2)He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.詞義：________3.Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.詞義：________Skill4：通過因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行揣測表示因果關(guān)系的信息詞有：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,dueto,resultin,forthisreason,so/suchthat等。Practice4Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours＿＿＿.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestExample51.Billrankedsecondinthesemifinalof1,500meters.詞義：________2.Theytookcarenottoprejudgetheissue.詞義：________3.Weshouldattachimportancetotheproblemsofchildren’snon-attendanceatschool.詞義：________Skill5：構(gòu)詞法合成有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞pathwayeverydayriverside派生在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)單詞extraordinarymaturityfrustrationantiwar轉(zhuǎn)化將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性placefreevaluecomb中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(微小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?superman________microwave________nonnatural________mispronouce________nonsmoker________eastwards________Practice5:Wehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.PraiseholickidswhoexpectitmaysufferfromdepressionwhentheyarefacedwithtroublesomesituationTheunderlinedwords“Praiseholickids”referstokidswhoare______.A.tiredofbeingpraisedB.worthyofbeingpraisedC.veryproudofbeingpraisedD.extremelyfondofbeingpraisedExample6ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.Whatdoestheword"mimic"inParagraph1probablymean?______find

B.copy

C.change

D.lose

★Skill6：生活常識(shí)：利用文化背景、生活常識(shí)揣測詞義。讀者可以運(yùn)用邏輯推理實(shí)力，結(jié)合社會(huì)文化背景和自身的生活閱歷及生活常識(shí)，再依據(jù)上下文推想生詞的含義。Practice6:Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whatdoestheword“anaesthetic"inParagraph1probablymean?______A.AkindofbooksB.ApieceofadviceC.AkindofmedicineD.AkindofanimalsExercise:1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.購買D.參觀4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.怪異的C.閑不住D.動(dòng)物愛護(hù)主義者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.特別貧困D.虛弱7.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house8.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奮的B.愚蠢的C.聰慧的D.情報(bào)9.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.傲慢B.吹牛C.頑皮D.無趣Passage1.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeed D.anincreaseinspeedPassage2Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever.Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhippingPassage3Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithastick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight