直接引語和間接引語(何凡蒂)①時(shí)態(tài)的變化①時(shí)態(tài)的變化②指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的變化③直接引語是陳述句時(shí)的變化④直接引語是一般疑問句時(shí)的變化⑤直接引語是特殊疑問句時(shí)的變化引述別人的話有兩種方式:一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi),這叫作直接引語(DirectSpeech)；另一種是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，這叫作間接引語(IndirectSpeech)。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。MrBlacksaid,“Iwanttohaveatalkwithmysonfacetoface.”（直接引語）布萊克先生說:“我想和我的兒子面對面地交流?！盡rblacksaidthathewantedtohaveatalkwithhissonfacetoface.（間接引語）布萊克先生說他想和他的兒子面對面地交流。直接引語一般現(xiàn)在一般將來一般過去現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成過去完成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)間接引語一般過去過去將來過去完成過去進(jìn)行過去完成過去完成過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.主句為過去時(shí)態(tài),直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)要發(fā)生變化誤區(qū)警示下列情況下,直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變①直接引語如果陳述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、諺語、名言警句、習(xí)慣性動作，當(dāng)其變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)都不變。②直接引語中有明確的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(如in2017等)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。③主句的時(shí)態(tài)是各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)通常不變。

2.人稱在間接引語中的變化直接引語中的人稱代詞在轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時(shí),也要有相應(yīng)的變化。一般遵循“一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新”的原則。直接引語間接引語例句引述內(nèi)容中與主句主語的人Hesays,"JlikeEnglishverymuch."—Hesaysthat的第一人稱稱保持一致helikesEnglishverymuch.引述內(nèi)容中與主句賓語的人HesaidtoMary,“Youmustgetupearly.”的第二人稱稱保持一致-HetoldMarythatshemustgetupearly.引述內(nèi)容中的第三人稱保持不變Shesaidtome,"Theywanttohelphim."-Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim1.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、動詞在間接引語中的變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthatthesethose時(shí)間狀語today/nowthatday/thenthismoming/aftemoon/evening,etc.thatmorning/afternoon/evening,etcyesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'timenextweek/month/year,etc.thenextweek/month/year,etc.thefollowingweek/month/year,etc.lastweek/month/year,etctheweek/month/year,etc.beforethepreviousweek/month/year,etc.twoweeks/months/years,etc.agotwoweeks/months/years,etc.before地點(diǎn)狀語here-there動詞come-gobring-take誤區(qū)警示若在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為there,come不必改為go；若在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today、yesterday、tomorrow等也不必改變。4.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化⑴直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞that引導(dǎo)(由己1在口語中常省略),從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語做相應(yīng)變化?！癐'lltalkwithhimfacetofacethisevening,“shesaidtome.ShetoldmethatshewouldtalkwithhimfacetofacethateveningMrBlacksaid,"Ipackedmysuitcaseyesterdayafternoon.””-MrBlacksaid(that)hehadpackedhissuitcasethepreviousafternoon.學(xué)法指導(dǎo)當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，變間接引語的口訣:去掉引號加that,人稱變化要靈活。時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)則。(2)直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用whether或if引導(dǎo)，疑問語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序,同時(shí)人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語做相應(yīng)變化。謂語say/said通常變?yōu)閍sk/asked。沒有間接賓語的,可以根據(jù)情況加上。SheaskedTom,"Areyougoingtoeatoutdoorstoday?-SheaskedTomwhetherhewasgoingtoeatoutdoorsthatday.Heaskedus,"CanJstayhereforanothertwodays?Heaskedusifhecouldstaythereforanothertwodays學(xué)法指導(dǎo)當(dāng)直接引語為一般疑問句時(shí)，變間接引語的口訣:去掉引號加if/whether,陳述語序要記住。時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語，小心變化別馬虎。(3)直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo),疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序,同時(shí)人稱、,時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語做相應(yīng)變化。Maryaskedme,"Whereareyougoingtomorrow?-Maryaskedmewhere[wasgoingthenextday.“Whohasbrokenmymirror?”YuMinasked-YuMinaskedwhohadbrokenhermirror.Mymotheraskedme,"Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?-MymotheraskedmehowlongIhadbeenthere學(xué)法指導(dǎo)當(dāng)直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，變間接引語的口訣:直接去引號，陳述莫忘掉。小心助動詞,去它最重要。.將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.2.Sarahsaid,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.”.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,”DoesanyoneknowCPR?”.PeteraskedBob,"Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.”.”I'vegotaNewYearconcertticket,”Isaid..“1wanttocontinuethosedialogues,"saidMoran.2.單句語法填空Theteachertoldusthatlight（travel）travelfasterthansound.“Themoment（come）soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.-IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.-Byworkingouteveryday.Expertsbelievepeoplecanwasteless_foodby_shoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.-IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?-Yeah,butIhavenoideahedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.3.單句寫作.Themandeclared（他的鄰居將回來）evenstrongerthanbefore..KurtaskedJohn（他的個人成長規(guī)劃是什么）.AuntaskedDede（他讀過它沒有）答案與解析Hesaidthatusedtobethecenteroftown.Sarahsaidthatherdadthoughtsheshouldtaketheofferthen.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedoutandaskedif/whethersomeoneknewCPR.PeteraskedBobwhether/ifhewasnewthereas/becausehehadn'tseenhimAround.Isaid(that)IhadgotaNewYearconcertticket.Ms當(dāng)賓語從句陳述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、諺語、名言警句時(shí)，不管主句用了何種時(shí)態(tài),從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。iscoming根據(jù)“soon”容易判斷時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用將來時(shí)，這里是直接引語。表示“來、去、動身、啟程”這類動詞經(jīng)常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。how根據(jù)答語“Byworkingouteveryday."”可知,空格處用how