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1995年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

C-E原文:簡(jiǎn).奧斯丁的小說(shuō)都是三五戶人家居家度日,婚戀嫁娶的小事。因此不少中國(guó)讀者

不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的聲譽(yù)。但一部小說(shuō)開(kāi)掘得深不深,藝術(shù)和思想是否有過(guò)人之

處,的確不在題材大小。有人把奧斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄欖。這不僅因?yàn)樗恼Z(yǔ)

言精彩,并曾對(duì)小說(shuō)藝術(shù)的發(fā)展有創(chuàng)造性的貢獻(xiàn),也因?yàn)樗妮p快活潑的敘述實(shí)際上并不那么

淺白,那么透明。史密斯夫人說(shuō)過(guò),女作家常常試圖修正現(xiàn)存的價(jià)值秩序,改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)“重要”

和“不重要”的看法。也許奧斯丁的小說(shuō)能教我們學(xué)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換眼光和角度,明察到“小事”的敘

述所涉及的那些不小的問(wèn)題。

參考譯文:However,subjectmatterisindeednotthedecisivefactorbywhichwejudgeanovelofits

depthaswellas(of)itsartisticappealandideologicalcontent(or:astowhetheranoveldigsdeepor

notorwhetheritexcelsinartisticappealandideologicalcontent).SomepeoplecompareAusten's

workstoolives:themoreyouchewthem,themoretasty(thetastier)theybecome.Thiscomparison

isbasednotonlyon(Thisisnotonlybecauseof)herexpressivelanguageandhercreative

contributiontothedevelopmentofnovelwritingasanart,butalsoon(becauseof)thefactthatwhat

hidesbehindherlightandlivelynarrativeissomethingimplicitandopaque(notsoexplicitand

transparent).Mrs.Smithonceobserved,womenwritersoftensought(madeattempts)torectifythe

existingvalueconcepts(orders)bychangingpeople'sopinionsonwhatis“important“andwhatis

not.

E-C原文:I,bycomparison,livinginmyoverpricedcityapartment,walkingtoworkpastputrid

sacksofstreetgarbage,payingusurioustaxestolocalandstategovernmentsIgenerallyabhor,1am

ratedmiddleclass.Thiscausesmetowonder,dothemeasurementmakesense?Arewemeasuring

onlythatwhichiseasilymeasured—thenumbersonthemoneychart—andignoringvaluesmore

centraltothegoodlife?

Formysonsthereisofcoursetheruralbountyoffresh-grownvegetables,line-caughtfishandthe

sharedrichesofneighbors"orchardsandgardens.Thereistheunpaidbaby-sitterforwhosechildren

mydaughter-in-lawbaby-sitsinreturn,andneighborswhobartertheirskillsandlabor.Butmore

thanthat,howdoyoumeasureserenity?Senseifself?

Idon'twanttoidealizelifeinsmallplaces.Therearetimeswhentheoutsideworldintrudesbrutally,

aswhenthecostofgasolinegoesupordeveloperscasttheireyesonuntouchedfarmland.Thereare

cruelties,thereisintolerance,thereareallthemanyvicesandmeannessesinsmallplacesthatexist

inlargecities.Furthermore,itishardertoignorethemwhentheycannotbebanished

psychologicallytoanotherpartoftownorexcusedasthewhimsofaliengroups-whentheyhave

tobeacknowledgedas“partofus.”

NordoIwanttobelittletheopportunitiesforsmalldecenciesincities--theeruptionsof

one-stranger-to-anothercaringthatalwayssurpriseanddelight.Buttheseare,sadly,moreexceptions

thanrulesandareoftenoverwhelmedbytheawfulcorruptionsanddangersthatsurroundus.

參考譯文:對(duì)我的兒個(gè)兒子來(lái)說(shuō),鄉(xiāng)村當(dāng)然有充足的新鮮蔬菜,垂釣來(lái)的魚(yú),鄰里菜園和果

園里可供分享的豐盛瓜果。鄉(xiāng)下有不用付報(bào)酬便可請(qǐng)來(lái)照看孩子的鄰居,作為回報(bào),我兒媳也

幫著照看其孩子。鄉(xiāng)鄰之間互相交換技能和勞動(dòng)。但比之更重要的是,你如何來(lái)衡量那靜謐與

安詳?如何來(lái)衡量臼我價(jià)值呢?

我無(wú)意將小地方的生活理想化。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)外面的世界會(huì)無(wú)情地侵入:比如汽油價(jià)格上漲,開(kāi)發(fā)

商把眼睛盯住尚未開(kāi)發(fā)的農(nóng)田;那里充斥著兇殘和偏狹,大城市的種種卑劣行徑,小地方也一

應(yīng)俱全。不僅如此,當(dāng)人們無(wú)法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑惡現(xiàn)象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或

將它們解釋為異鄉(xiāng)人的為所欲為,而又不得不承認(rèn)這一切是我們的一部分時(shí),就更難以忽視它

們。

1996年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試--翻譯部分參考譯文

C-E原文:近讀報(bào)紙,時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)名片和請(qǐng)柬的議論頗多,于是想起客居巴黎時(shí)經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的法國(guó)

人手中的名片和請(qǐng)柬,隨筆記下來(lái),似乎不無(wú)借鑒之處。

在巴黎,名目繁多的酒會(huì),冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好機(jī)會(huì)。在這種場(chǎng)合陌生人相識(shí),如果是亞

洲人,他們往往開(kāi)口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對(duì)方,這好像是不可缺少的

禮節(jié)。然而,法國(guó)人一般卻都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片,雙方見(jiàn)面寒暄幾句,甚至海闊天空地聊一番

也就各自走開(kāi),只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī),希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí),才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏出名片。二話不說(shuō)先遞名

片反倒顯得有些勉強(qiáng)。

參考譯文:inParis,cocktailpartiesandbuffetreceptionsofdifferentkindsoffergreatopportunities

formakingfriends.Onsuchoccasions,strangersmaygettoknoweachother.IftheyareAsians,

theywill,veryrespectfullyandwithbothhands,presenttheircallingcardstotheirinterlocutors

beforeanyconversationstarts.Thisseemstobetherequiredcourtesyontheirpart.TheFrench,

however,usuallyarenotsoreadywithsuchaformality.Bothsideswillgreeteachother,andeven

chatcasuallyaboutanytopicandthenexcusethemselves.Onlywhentheyfindtheylikeeachother

andhopetofurthertherelationshipwilltheyexchangecards.Itwillseemveryunnaturaltodoso

beforeanyrealconversationgetsunderway.

E-C原文:Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Theywerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganand

evenlongertiestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyin

thecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:

Americawasatpeace,andthenation'seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasrebounding

vigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyof

moneyforatop-flightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidate

wasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunication

skills.ReaganhassucceedmorethananypresidentsinceJohnF.Kennedyinprojectingabroad

visionofAmerica-anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederal

government.

參考譯文:這應(yīng)該不是件難事。這都是些跟著里根多年、久經(jīng)沙場(chǎng)的老將,他們跟共和黨則

有更深厚的淵源,是這個(gè)國(guó)家里最熟悉總統(tǒng)政治的人。競(jìng)選的背景也很有利,也很多好消息可

供炒作。例如,美國(guó)上下一片和平,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)這一競(jìng)選要素也在經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的衰退之后開(kāi)始

強(qiáng)勁反彈。此外,這次競(jìng)選本身得到了慷慨資助,因此有充裕的資金用于組織一流的競(jìng)選班子、

支付巡回演講和電視廣告的費(fèi)用。而最重要的一點(diǎn)是,他們的候選人是羅納德?里根,他可是

位極具個(gè)人魅力和溝通技巧的總統(tǒng)。自約翰F肯尼迪總統(tǒng)以來(lái),里根是最成功地勾勒出美國(guó)

藍(lán)圖的總統(tǒng):一個(gè)軍事力量復(fù)興、富有個(gè)人進(jìn)取心、聯(lián)邦政府得以精簡(jiǎn)的國(guó)家。

1997年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

C-E原文:來(lái)美國(guó)求學(xué)的中國(guó)學(xué)生與其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣,大多非??炭嗲趭^,周末也往往會(huì)

抽出一天甚至兩天的時(shí)間去實(shí)驗(yàn)室加班,因而比起美國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái),成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞

裔人,嗜煙好酒,脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),也特別了解亞裔

學(xué)生的心理。因此,在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中,除有一名來(lái)自德國(guó)外,其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。

他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門(mén)上貼一醒目招牌:“本室助研必須每周工作7天,早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí),工

作時(shí)間必須全力以赴?!边@位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的,在我所呆的3年半中,共有14

位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室,最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天,我不顧別人勸阻,硬

著頭皮接受了導(dǎo)師的資助,從此開(kāi)始了艱難的求學(xué)旅程。

參考譯文:LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocome

topursuetheirfurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyand

assiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,towork,

overtimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremore

academicallyfruitful.MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,

withasharp/irritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolid

foundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsian

studentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforone

German,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,

whichread,“AHtheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from

10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.^^Thissupervisorisreputedon

theentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,a

totalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduated

withtheirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringthedissuasionsfromothers,Iacceptedmy

supervisor'ssponsorshipandembarkedonmydifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit.

E-C原文:Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablythe

provinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety'spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,and

otherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestion

is:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defence,healthandeducation.

Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsoto

draw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimagination

andrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesof

ourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;they

arethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;they

caiTythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

參考譯文:聆聽(tīng)歌劇,無(wú)疑昂貴至極。但是,昂貴的事物并非必定屬于富人的范疇,除非我

們放棄社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以及其他某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具備

個(gè)人支付能力的人所享受。但問(wèn)題是,我們有必要這么做嗎?沒(méi)人會(huì)否認(rèn)食物、居所、防護(hù)、

健康與教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前時(shí)代的洞穴中,人類(lèi)伸出手來(lái),早就不單純是為了

吃、喝或搏殺,而且亦進(jìn)行繪畫(huà)創(chuàng)作。人類(lèi)對(duì)于文化的沖動(dòng),通過(guò)形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來(lái)表現(xiàn)

并探索世界的欲望,乃亙古有之。在歐洲,這一欲望在我們的音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)、文學(xué)和戲劇杰作中

尋找到了其實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們?nèi)颗Φ脑嚱鹗?。作為試金石,它們能衡量出?/p>

類(lèi)的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題,可在人類(lèi)彼此間相互傳

遞。

1998年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試--翻譯部分參考譯文

C?E原文:1997年2月24日我們代表團(tuán)下榻日月潭中信大飯店,送走了最后一批客人,已

是次日凌晨3點(diǎn)了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前.,往外看去,只見(jiàn)四周峰巒疊翠,

湖面波光粼粼。望著臺(tái)灣這僅有的景色如畫(huà)的天然湖泊,我想了許多,許多……

這次到臺(tái)灣訪問(wèn)交流,雖然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,訪了舊友,交了新知,大家走

到一起,談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國(guó)大陸、臺(tái)灣的青年生

活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中,有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷,但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀

傳統(tǒng)的印記,都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時(shí)代,我們的祖國(guó)正在走

向繁榮富強(qiáng),海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流,共同推進(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的寶

貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺(tái)。跨世紀(jì)青年?代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望

的新世紀(jì),這是我們必須回答的問(wèn)題。

日月潭水波不興,仿佛與我一同在思索……

參考譯文:ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustosee

manyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,

animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousand

powerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanlivein

differentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,

intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsofthe

Chineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(Theysharethe

sameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,our

motherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwan

Straitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossible

achievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthe

tremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground

(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,in

whatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisa

questiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.

E-C原文:IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistorians

areperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominencefor

uniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericans

doswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitative

deference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.

Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent—e.g.inpaintingandmusic—theytoo

alternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.Howmany

EnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadin

articlesthattheyreallyrepresentan“Englishtradition^^afterall.

TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.

Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfind

examplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.

IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.

WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedethe

word,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneof

degree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liableto

perplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportant

sensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown—andwhichisyeta

foreigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasudden

alienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethat

wehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.

參考譯文:那么,要談?wù)撁绹?guó)文學(xué),倒并非意欲斷言,它與歐洲文學(xué)全然大相徑庭。廣而言之,

美國(guó)與歐洲一直同步發(fā)展,協(xié)調(diào)一致。在任何一個(gè)特定的時(shí)刻,旅行者在兩地均能目睹同?樣

式的建筑實(shí)例,相同款式的服飾,書(shū)架上相同的書(shū)籍。在大西洋兩岸,思想如同人員與貨物往

來(lái)一樣自由交流,盡管有時(shí)會(huì)略顯遲緩。當(dāng)我提及美國(guó)式的習(xí)慣、思想等概念時(shí),我意欲在“美

國(guó)式的”這一詞匯之前加上某種限定,因?yàn)闅W美(尤其是英美)之間的差異往往只是程度上的

差異而已,并且有時(shí)候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點(diǎn)程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事

務(wù),這極容易使一個(gè)英國(guó)人在審視美國(guó)時(shí)大惑不解。他所審視的那個(gè)國(guó)家,從某些重要的意義

上來(lái)說(shuō),誕生于他自己的國(guó)家,并在某些方面仍與他自己的國(guó)家相差無(wú)幾——然而,它卻實(shí)實(shí)

在在是一個(gè)異邦。兩者間存在著某些古怪的交替重迭,以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感:親緣關(guān)系

已讓位于一種突如其來(lái)的異化與疏遠(yuǎn),這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著馬路向另一個(gè)人打招呼,結(jié)

果卻從這個(gè)人漠無(wú)表情的反應(yīng)中發(fā)現(xiàn),我們?cè)瓉?lái)竟將一個(gè)陌生人誤認(rèn)為我們的熟人。

1999年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

C-E原文:加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過(guò)百歲生日,但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市,

以港興市,是許多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過(guò)百年開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè),有著天然不凍良港的溫哥華,

成為舉世聞名的港口城市,同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪,年貨物吞吐量達(dá)

到8000萬(wàn)噸,全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)。溫哥華(Vancouver)的輝煌

是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶,其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀,國(guó)土面積比中國(guó)還

大,人口卻不足3000萬(wàn)。吸收外來(lái)移民,是加拿大長(zhǎng)期奉行的國(guó)策??梢哉f(shuō),加拿大除了印

第安人外,無(wú)一不是外來(lái)移民,不同的只是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多

民族城市?,F(xiàn)今180萬(wàn)溫哥華居民中,有一半不是在本地出生的,每4個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞

洲人。而25萬(wàn)華人對(duì)溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來(lái)到

溫哥華地區(qū)的,使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國(guó)人聚居地。

參考譯文:ThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryofthe

Vancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparselypopulated,

hasaterritorylargerthanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30million.

Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshasbecomeanationalpolicylong

practiced/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexcepttheAmericanIndians,sotospeak,

areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,

inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8

millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfrom

Asia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouver's

economy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveroverthepastfiveyearsonly,rendering

VancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit.

E-C原文:Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:to

extendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproper

functioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodem,

secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.

Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,

havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;

torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamily

happinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobear

children(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.

Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.

Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrich

thecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Children

needthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquely

available,atleastinprinciple,fbrsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,often

hostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanoneperson

fbrsustenanceandingenerationalextension.

參考譯文:在某些社會(huì)中,人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因:傳宗接代,光宗耀祖,

討好祖輩,使那些涉及到家庭的宗教儀式得以正常進(jìn)行。此類(lèi)原因在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會(huì)中似顯

蒼白,但它們?cè)谄渌胤皆欢葮?gòu)成并確實(shí)仍在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)有力的理由。

此外,有一類(lèi)家庭原因與下列類(lèi)別不無(wú)共通之處,這便是:生兒育女是為了維系或改善婚

姻:能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無(wú)所事事;修復(fù)或重振婚姻;多子多孫,以為家庭幸福惟有

此法。這一點(diǎn)更可以由其反而得到昭示:在某些社會(huì)中,無(wú)法生兒育女(或無(wú)法生育男孩)對(duì)

婚姻而言是一種威脅,還可作為離婚的現(xiàn)成借口。

后代對(duì)于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠(yuǎn)意義遠(yuǎn)非如此。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō),夫妻兩人尚不足

以構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子來(lái)豐富其兩人小天地,賦予該小天地以真正意

義上的家庭性質(zhì),并從子孫后代身上獲取某種回報(bào)。

孩子需要家庭,但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作為一種社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu),以其特有的方式,至少

從原則上說(shuō),可在一個(gè)變幻莫測(cè)、常常是充滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獲取某種安全、慰藉、保

障,以及價(jià)值取向。

2000年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

C-E原文:中國(guó)科技館的誕生來(lái)之不易。與國(guó)際著名科技館和其他博物館相比,它先天有些

不足,后天也常缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng),但是它成長(zhǎng)的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國(guó)際上已被公認(rèn)為后起

之秀。世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館,它是通過(guò)化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生

物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館,它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來(lái)的各種階段性結(jié)果。

這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用,但是,它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動(dòng)的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里,觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作,自己

細(xì)心體察。這樣,他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù),去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。中國(guó)科技館

正是這樣的博物館!它汲取了國(guó)際上一些著名博物館的長(zhǎng)處,設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、

熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品,展示了科學(xué)的原理和先進(jìn)的科技成果。

參考譯文Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,by

meansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryofthe

Earthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologies

whichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.

Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spread

scientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovel

concepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeir

ownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceand

technologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.

TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithas

incorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.

Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,

andbiology,thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientific

andtechnologicalachievements.

E-C:Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”,theymustbelievethatsome

deathsmustbeonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely-along

lifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebest

yearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.

Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDeans,whose

livesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,

andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthe

lifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveon

theworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.

參考譯文如果人們藉“英年早逝"這一字眼真的意欲表達(dá)什么含義的話,他們必然相信某些人

的辭世可以算是壽終正寢,而另一些人則“死不逢時(shí)”。死于年邁很少被冠以”死不逢時(shí)"之名,

因?yàn)槟芏冗^(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的一生被認(rèn)為是甚為圓滿的。反之,如果所碰到的是?位年輕人之死,人們會(huì)

以為這位年輕人風(fēng)華正茂,前途無(wú)可限量,生命的倒計(jì)時(shí)尚未真正開(kāi)始。

當(dāng)然,歷史否定這一切。在諸多較為著名的“英年早逝”的情形中,我們會(huì)憶起瑪麗蓮.夢(mèng)露

與詹姆斯?迪恩斯之死,其生命的短暫絲毫無(wú)損于其生命的完整性。對(duì)于約翰.濟(jì)慈年方26便流

然長(zhǎng)逝這一事實(shí),文人墨客們皆痛不欲生,但他們中僅有半數(shù)人詼諧地認(rèn)為,設(shè)若他們也死于

這一年齡,其一生可視為失敗。視英年早逝為不圓滿,這一觀念有悖于邏輯,因?yàn)楹饬可?/p>

尺度乃是留給世界的印記,是生命的力度及其美德。

2001年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

C-E喬羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外兩大愛(ài)好卻鮮為人知,那就是釣魚(yú)和喝酒。晚年的喬羽

喜愛(ài)垂釣,他說(shuō),“有水有魚(yú)的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的,好環(huán)境便會(huì)給人好心情。我認(rèn)為最好

的釣魚(yú)場(chǎng)所不是舒適的、給你準(zhǔn)備好餓魚(yú)的垂釣園,而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的

場(chǎng)所。”釣魚(yú)是一項(xiàng)能夠陶冶性情的運(yùn)動(dòng),有益于身心健康。喬羽說(shuō):“釣魚(yú)可分三個(gè)階段:

第一?階段是吃魚(yú);第二階段是吃魚(yú)和情趣兼而有之;第三階段主要是釣趣,面對(duì)一池碧水,將

憂心煩惱全都拋在一邊,使自己的身心得到充分休息?!?/p>

參考譯文:Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developed

apenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:"Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfish

mustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelieve

thattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenterswhichprovidethe

fishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthose

naturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal."Accordingtohim,fishing

canconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone'stemperamentandtoone'shealth,at

oncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:"Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirst

stageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure

(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondof

clearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxation

bothmentallyandphysically.^^

E-C原文:Possessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwould

havebeenThoreau'sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone'sperceptionof

whatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwas

timeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthe

wouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformore

importantefforts.

Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Short

oftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwe

chooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespoke

of'Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthe

factthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbeno

game.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegamearean

arbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplay

bytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewholly

arbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.

參考譯文:梭羅所理解的“低層次”,即為了擁有而去擁有,或與所有的鄰居明爭(zhēng)暗斗而致?lián)?/p>

有。他心目中的“高層次”,則是這樣一種積極的人生戒律,即要使自己對(duì)自然界永恒之物的感

悟臻于完美。對(duì)于他從低層次上節(jié)省下來(lái)的時(shí)間和精力,他可將其致力于對(duì)高層次的追求。勿

庸置疑,梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓,但他在膳食方面所投入的精力僅果腹而已,只要可確保他能去

從事更為重要的事務(wù),他便別無(wú)所求。

彈精竭慮,全力以赴,便是其精髓所在。除非我們?cè)敢庵泵婺切┬枰覀內(nèi)硇耐度氲钠D難困

苦,否則便不會(huì)有幸福可言。正如葉芝所言,除卻某些不可能的情形,我們于人生中所獲取的

滿足皆取決于我們?cè)诙喔叩木辰缰羞x擇我們所愿意面對(duì)的艱難困苦。當(dāng)羅伯特?弗羅斯特言及

“以苦為樂(lè)''時(shí),他內(nèi)心所思,大體如此。商業(yè)廣告中所宣揚(yáng)的那種幸福觀,其致命的缺陷就在

于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),即它宣稱(chēng),一切幸福皆唾手可得,不費(fèi)吹灰之力。

即便于游戲之中,我們也需要有艱難困苦。我們之所以需要它,因?yàn)樵O(shè)若沒(méi)有困難,便斷無(wú)游

戲可言。游戲即是這樣一種方式,為了享受其中的情趣而人為地使事情變得不那么輕而易舉。

游戲中的種種規(guī)則,便是將困難武斷地強(qiáng)加于人。當(dāng)有人將情趣摧毀殆盡時(shí),他總是因?yàn)榫懿?/p>

按游戲規(guī)則行事而使然。這猶如下棋;如果你隨心所欲、心血來(lái)潮地去更改那些全然武斷的游

戲規(guī)則,這樣去贏棋當(dāng)然會(huì)更加容易。但下棋的情趣則在于,應(yīng)在規(guī)則的限定范圍內(nèi)贏取勝利。

一言以蔽之,沒(méi)有艱難,斷無(wú)情趣。

2002年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

LTranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftextintoChinese:

Theword“winner”and"loser“havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedo

notmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallyby

beingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofa

society.

Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe:rather,theyare

themselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,and

manipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandacting

loving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandacting

knowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparate

factsfromopinionsanddon'tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhat

theysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadoreandrespectotherpeople,

theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

Winnersdonotplay“helpless",nordotheyplaytheblaminggame.Instead,theyassume

responsibilityfbrtheirownlives.

參考譯文:成功者不會(huì)畢生致力于這樣一種概念:即想象自己應(yīng)該成為何種人。相反,他們即

他們自己。因此,他們不會(huì)費(fèi)神去裝腔作勢(shì),故作姿態(tài),擺布他人。他們明白:愛(ài)與裝愛(ài),傻

與裝傻,知與裝知、真正博學(xué)與假裝博學(xué)之間是有區(qū)別的。成功者無(wú)須躲在面具后面。

成功者敢于獨(dú)立思考,敢于運(yùn)用自」的知識(shí)。他們能夠把事實(shí)從紛繁的意見(jiàn)中剝離出來(lái),而又

不會(huì)假裝無(wú)所不知。

他們傾聽(tīng)他人的意見(jiàn),品評(píng)他人的言論,卻能得出自己的結(jié)論。雖然勝利者也欽佩他人,尊敬

他人,但是,他們不會(huì)完全被他人所規(guī)定、所摧垮、所束縛,所嚇倒。

成功者不會(huì)假裝無(wú)助,也不會(huì)怨天尤人,相反,他們承擔(dān)起自己生命的責(zé)任。

II.TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish:

大臼然對(duì)人的恩賜,無(wú)論貧富,一律平等。所以人們對(duì)于大自然,全都一直并深深地依賴著。

尤其在鄉(xiāng)間,上千年來(lái)人們一直以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄,釀酒和飲酒,喂牛和

擠奶,除草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜,在節(jié)日到廣場(chǎng)拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田

園依舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣,每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說(shuō),風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來(lái)。

參考譯文:Thebountyofnatureisequaltoeveryone,richorpoor,andthereforeallmenare

stronglyattachedtoher.Thisisparticularlytrueintheruralareas,wherepeoplehavekeptthesame

lifestyleforamillenniumorso.Theyplantcropsandgrapevines,brewwinetodrink,feedcowsto

milk,andweedgardenstogrowflowers.Theygotochurchatweekends,andtheymeetinthesquare

onholidays,playingtheviolin,singinganddancing.Theage-oldlandremainsthesameastheir

familyhearth.Eachplaceboastsitsfolkloreandtherebysocialcustomsgodown.

2003年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試-翻譯部分參考譯文

I.TranslatethefollowingpartoftextintoChinese:

Inhisclassicnovel,叮hePioneers”,James,FeminoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehis

cousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateeming

metropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest,kfcWherearethebeauties

andimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He'sastonishedshecan'tseethem.

“Where!Whyeverywhere,nhereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuiltthem

inhismind,andtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresent

fromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmore

emotionallyattachedtothingstocome.AsAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,“LifefortheAmericanis

alwaysbecoming,neverbeing?*

參考譯文:詹姆斯?費(fèi)尼莫爾?庫(kù)柏在其經(jīng)典小說(shuō)《拓荒者》中,記述了主人公位土

地開(kāi)發(fā)商——帶著表妹游覽一座他將要建造的城市的情景。他向表妹描繪了寬闊的街道,排排

的房屋,儼然一座熙來(lái)攘往的大都市。

然而,表妹環(huán)顧四周,卻一臉迷茫,她所看到的只是一片森林。于是她問(wèn):“你要給我看的美

景和改觀在哪里啊?"他很驚訝,她居然還不能心領(lǐng)神會(huì)。便回答說(shuō):“還問(wèn)哪里?這不到處

都是嘛?!币?yàn)楸M

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