2022考研英語(yǔ)答案：英語(yǔ)二SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.___1___,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen___2___fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery___3___ofmoneyitself,”onlyto___4___itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___5___incoming?

Althoughe-moneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork__6___thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery___7___tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe___8___formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey___9___receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto___10___.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float“-ittakesseveraldays___11___acheckiscashedandfundsare___12___fromtheissuer”saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.___13___electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpayment___14___securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation___15___there.

Becausethisisnotan___16___occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand___17___fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The___18___ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto___19___securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic___20___thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.

1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise

2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around

3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role

4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse

5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady

6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on

7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive

8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant

9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print

10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown

11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when

12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn

13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though

14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease

15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed

16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear

17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return

18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification

19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor

20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trail

答案：

1-5:ADBDC

6-10:BBDBA

11-15:ADCCC

16-20:CABAD

【答案詳解】

1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]

[考點(diǎn)分析]此題考察規(guī)律關(guān)系

[選項(xiàng)分析]由于考察規(guī)律關(guān)系，所以需要我們先對(duì)填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.”(一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不太可能立刻消失)，而文章之前的信息都是在說(shuō)我們可能立刻就進(jìn)入一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，兩者之間消失了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有however符合題意。B.moreover表遞進(jìn)C.therefore表結(jié)果D.Otherwise表比照

2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義

[選項(xiàng)分析]依據(jù)該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一句是說(shuō)這種形式的社會(huì)并沒(méi)有真正有成果出來(lái)，所以前一句應(yīng)當(dāng)為這樣的猜測(cè)已經(jīng)進(jìn)展了二十年。其它選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》猜測(cè)電子支付手段“將很快徹底轉(zhuǎn)變貨幣本身的____”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A.為力氣C“歷史”D“角色”，語(yǔ)義不正確，且假如選擇role的話，應(yīng)當(dāng)是復(fù)數(shù)roles,由于是金錢(qián)的作用不止一個(gè)，故答案選B。

4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]依據(jù)only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應(yīng)與前一句的”revolutionize”(變革)發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D.reverse(*)符合。A.reward獎(jiǎng)賞B.resist反抗C.resume重新開(kāi)頭，連續(xù)。

5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]依據(jù)上文得知，早在1975年就猜測(cè)了無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能馬上到來(lái)，而談到實(shí)際上“真正的無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)很可能不會(huì)立刻到來(lái)”，因此這種無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)只可能緩慢到來(lái)，故答案選擇C。A.silent寂靜的，B.sudden突然的，D.steady平穩(wěn)的。

6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及介詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]填空所在段開(kāi)頭although說(shuō)明對(duì)上一段的讓步關(guān)系，上一段的觀點(diǎn)為人們進(jìn)入無(wú)現(xiàn)金時(shí)代的速度變緩慢的緣由。因此這一段應(yīng)當(dāng)是說(shuō)明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更便利更高效，然而以下幾個(gè)方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會(huì)”消逝的緣由，只有Bworkagainst違反、阻礙，符合題意。A.workfor為…而工作C.workwith與…共事，對(duì)…起作用D.workon從事…工作，對(duì)…起作用，都不適宜。

7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]本填空所在句為對(duì)紙幣支付“不會(huì)”消逝緣由的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項(xiàng)先排解productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構(gòu)的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受損害的”均不符合語(yǔ)義，只能選擇消極含義的選項(xiàng)expensive。

8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為_(kāi)___支付方式，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，C,D是比擬恰當(dāng)?shù)?，再結(jié)合本文章的主旨，應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇“占主導(dǎo)地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項(xiàng)。A.similar相像的B.original原始的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,都不適宜。

9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)固然是由銀行開(kāi)具，所以只能選擇provide。A.collect收集收據(jù)，C.copy復(fù)印收據(jù)，D.print打印收據(jù)都和實(shí)際生活不符合。

10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配

[選項(xiàng)分析]該動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)是前文的something,指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠供應(yīng)收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，確定是消費(fèi)者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢(shì)相搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能是B.takeover接收，也不能是C.bringback拿回來(lái)，D.passdown傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A.giveup放棄一種優(yōu)勢(shì)，符合語(yǔ)境，為正確答案。

11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]A

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文規(guī)律關(guān)系

[選項(xiàng)分析]本句是來(lái)解釋“float”的?？崭袂懊嬉鉃椤靶枰◣滋臁焙蟀刖湟鉃榧堉眱冬F(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會(huì)立刻完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前要是需要時(shí)間的。Abefore“在。。。之前”。Bafter“在。。。之后”。Csince“自從”。Dwhen“當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語(yǔ)境。

12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]D

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題嚴(yán)密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很簡(jiǎn)單選出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢(qián)從帳戶取出之前，Akept“保持”。Bborrowed“借”。Creleased“釋放，公布”。Dwithdraw“取錢(qián)”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文規(guī)律關(guān)系

[選項(xiàng)分析]前句子含義是電子支票是準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動(dòng)”帶來(lái)有好處?？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋€(gè)由于關(guān)系。A.Unless“除非”。B.Until“直到。。。才”。C.Because“由于”。D.Though“然而”。依據(jù)上下文含義，應(yīng)選C.

14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]此處是一個(gè)短句，明顯缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，通過(guò)最終一個(gè)單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問(wèn)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有raise和concerns搭配時(shí)符合文意。所以選C。

15.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C

[考點(diǎn)分析]后置定語(yǔ)

[選項(xiàng)分析]存儲(chǔ)信息是通常有固定的動(dòng)詞store。所以選C。

16.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]上文提出電子支票的害處，本句話意思是“由于這種事情常常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應(yīng)為普遍的，但由于本句用的雙重否認(rèn)表確定，所以選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不普遍的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Aunsafe“擔(dān)心全”。Bunnatural“不自然的”。Cuncommon“不是普遍的”D

unclear“不清晰的”。所以只有C項(xiàng)符合本句話意思。

17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]A

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]本句話是講電子支票的存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為貶義，可以排解[B][C][D]選項(xiàng)。應(yīng)選[A]。

18.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]B

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]上文提出電子支票的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，本句話提出解決方法，但是防止此類(lèi)詐騙不是簡(jiǎn)單的事。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Aconsideration“考慮”。Bprevetion“阻擋，防止”。Cmanipulation“操縱”Djusitification“理由，辯護(hù)”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境只有B符合。

19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]A

[考點(diǎn)分析]動(dòng)詞固定搭配

[選項(xiàng)分析]依據(jù)上下文應(yīng)當(dāng)選一個(gè)“應(yīng)對(duì)”安全問(wèn)題含義的動(dòng)詞詞組，所以可以排解C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，B是“對(duì)抗，抵抗”，A是“處理應(yīng)對(duì)”，所以A項(xiàng)是答案。

20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]D

[選項(xiàng)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析

[考點(diǎn)分析]本句提出電子支票的另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的信息。依據(jù)文意可以排解A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)，Cpath“小路，道路,強(qiáng)調(diào)路徑。Dtrail“痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2022,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.

Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.

21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______

[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______

[A]workoncheapsoftware

[B]askforamoderatesalary

[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

[D]contributesomethingunique

23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______

[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization

[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]NewLawTakesEffect

[B]TechnologyGoesCheap

[C]AverageIsOver

[D]RecessionIsBad

【答案】

【答案詳解】

21.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考察考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握力量，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)信息。

選項(xiàng)分析：依據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第一段的最終兩句“…amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”，說(shuō)如自動(dòng)化的紡織廠，他們只需要兩個(gè)員工“一個(gè)人外加一條狗。人是負(fù)責(zé)喂狗的，狗是讓人不要靠近機(jī)器的?！苯陙?lái)考研閱讀經(jīng)常用故事或是笑話引出文章所要談?wù)摰闹黝}。因此，我們?cè)龠B續(xù)看其次段內(nèi)容。其次段引出文章話題：全球化和信息科技革命進(jìn)步是造成失業(yè)率居高不下、中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入下降的主要緣由。因此選擇答案A。選項(xiàng)B為就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談?wù)撛掝}向左;選項(xiàng)C現(xiàn)代紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，望文生義;選項(xiàng)D中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的削減，不是文章談?wù)摰闹攸c(diǎn)，文章重在談?wù)撛斐芍挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的削減的緣由。

22.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考察考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握力量，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)信息。

選項(xiàng)分析：依據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第三段的倒數(shù)其次句“Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment”，“因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值：異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們?cè)诟髯缘墓蛡蚴袌?chǎng)上脫穎而出?！眘tandout與題干中的successful同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，題干中問(wèn)我們?yōu)榱顺蔀閯倮墓蛦T，他必需怎么做。答案D中的contributesomethingunique是對(duì)theiruniquevaluecontribution的同義改寫(xiě)，因此，答案選擇D。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與文章內(nèi)容不相符合。選項(xiàng)A，workoncheapsoftware連續(xù)生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的軟件;選項(xiàng)B，askforamoderatesalary索要適當(dāng)?shù)男剿?選項(xiàng)C，adoptanaveragelifestyle選擇一般的生活方式。

23.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考察考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和理解力量。此類(lèi)題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于依據(jù)題干信息定位，此題的“Paragraph4”，“quotation”即為定位信息。

選項(xiàng)分析：依據(jù)第四段引用的Davidson的原話，“2022年之前的十年內(nèi)，美國(guó)工廠裁撤工人速度之快，根本上等于過(guò)去70年新增的工人數(shù)量;也許每三個(gè)工作崗位就有一個(gè)崗位消逝了，總共約有600萬(wàn)之多。”可知引用這段話的主題為裁員，且速度很快，這符合B項(xiàng)工作時(shí)機(jī)急速消逝，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。AC兩項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有提到，D項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)互為相反項(xiàng)，結(jié)合文章來(lái)看工作時(shí)機(jī)在消逝而不是消失了新的工作時(shí)機(jī)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

24.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考察考生對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握力量，關(guān)鍵在于定位和對(duì)文章的理解。

選項(xiàng)分析：依據(jù)題干信息提示“unemployment”，結(jié)合自然段定位法，我們不難定位到文章倒數(shù)其次段最終一句“Herearethelatestunemploymentratesfrom…”下面是美國(guó)勞工局對(duì)美國(guó)25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)：高中學(xué)歷都沒(méi)有的失業(yè)率為13.8%;有高中學(xué)歷，但沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的為8.7%;有大學(xué)或大專學(xué)歷的為7.7%;有學(xué)士甚至更高學(xué)位的只有4.1%。從這句話可知失業(yè)率主要和員工的受訓(xùn)練程度相關(guān)。因此假如想要削減失業(yè)率，最重要的應(yīng)當(dāng)是選項(xiàng)B“確保更多的人受到訓(xùn)練”。ACD項(xiàng)均和文章不符。

25.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

考點(diǎn)分析：此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是全文主旨?？梢砸罁?jù)文章中的主要內(nèi)容作答，亦可以依據(jù)以上題目的共同焦點(diǎn)作答。

選項(xiàng)分析：文章第一段通過(guò)一個(gè)笑話指消失代化社會(huì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步程度，使得勞動(dòng)力大大削減。其余各段進(jìn)一步論證了失業(yè)率的增加，因此一個(gè)追求平凡的時(shí)代已經(jīng)完畢了，人們需要提高自身訓(xùn)練水平，才能夠保證不被淘汰。最終一段第一句話再次強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)平凡時(shí)代已經(jīng)正式完畢了。因此選項(xiàng)C為最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。A項(xiàng)“新的法律要實(shí)施”僅在最終一段提到一句，不能涵蓋文章主旨。B項(xiàng)“科技走向廉價(jià)”不符合文意。D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退有害”與文章無(wú)關(guān)。

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.

[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.

[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.

[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.

[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.

28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___

[A]fiancialincentives.

[B]aglobalrecognition.

[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.

[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.

29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__

[A]asfaithfulpartners.

[B]witheconomicfavors.

[C]withlegaltolerance.

[D]asmightyrivals.

30whichofthebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.

[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.

[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.

[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.

【答案詳解】

26.【答案】C(stayinaforeigntemporarily)

【解析】詞匯題。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位，定位到第一段最終一句。在這句中，Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.，they這個(gè)代詞承前指代，指四分之一的意大利移民。有些人要再美國(guó)定居(permanenthome)，但是一些人只是在美國(guó)臨時(shí)居住,要回國(guó)(hadnointentiontostay).肯定要留意理解這個(gè)倒裝構(gòu)造:Alongwith….camethosewho……,那些沒(méi)有要回國(guó)的是我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)的。通過(guò)這句我們能選擇出C選項(xiàng)。這A項(xiàng)只是說(shuō)一世紀(jì)前的橫跨大西洋的移民們，沒(méi)有說(shuō)birdsofpassage來(lái)自于哪里。B項(xiàng)雖然有forgood但是與原文意思相反。原文是移民們會(huì)永久的回到意大利，而不是選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的離開(kāi)自己的祖國(guó)。D項(xiàng)文中首段并未提及。

27.【答案】C(shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges)

【解析】推理題。題干要求在其次段。原文“Wedon’tneedmorecategories”可以排解A選項(xiàng)。文章“Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.”我們目前有更加嚴(yán)格的對(duì)待移民以及“Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.”我們需要超越這種合法和不合法的嚴(yán)格定義。就知道目前是很?chē)?yán)格的。我們還沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)中的“hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.”對(duì)移民的放松掌握。B項(xiàng)排解。文章也并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)制度被政治方式所修復(fù)。政治的確消失在文章中，但是只是說(shuō)“thelongpoliticalparalysis”長(zhǎng)期的政治麻痹與原文不符。故排解。“Tostart…Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.”首先成認(rèn)這些短暫移民的存在，然后解決移民的挑戰(zhàn)。是C選項(xiàng)的同義替換。

28.【答案】D(thefreedomtostayandleave)

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位，可定位到第三段?！癟heyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.”他們喜愛(ài)隨著時(shí)機(jī)的降臨，來(lái)去都自如。他們可以在一地工作，也可以再另外的地方成家。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)機(jī)和來(lái)去自如。D項(xiàng)是這句的同義替換。A項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文的片面理解?！癟heyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas”不僅僅是來(lái)自金錢(qián)的刺激(financialincentives)，還有有工作和各種理念。B在文中未提及。文中只是說(shuō)道“globaleconomy”，沒(méi)有提“globalrecognition”，C項(xiàng)中的regularjobs(一般工作)在文中未提及，也是對(duì)文意的曲解。

29.【答案】C(withlegaltolerance)

【解析】推理題。依據(jù)題干，可定位到第五段。題干問(wèn)到“依據(jù)，這些短暫移民者應(yīng)當(dāng)以何種方式被對(duì)待”“Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem”意思是“我們應(yīng)當(dāng)超越移民合法性方面的文化之爭(zhēng)，重現(xiàn)對(duì)待中間地帶，充分意識(shí)到當(dāng)今的移民治理體系需要各種途徑，從而取得多樣化的結(jié)果，來(lái)解決現(xiàn)今移民體系下用法律手段很難解決的問(wèn)題”暗含了C項(xiàng)中tolerance也就是對(duì)“multiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes”的改寫(xiě)。A、B和D項(xiàng)在文中未提及。

30.【答案】D(legalorillegal:bigmistake)

【解析】主旨大意題。文章其次段其次句中提到“Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal”“我們把新移民分為2類(lèi)：合法和不合法移民.”同時(shí)認(rèn)為“Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal，”“我們不需要合法和不合法移民這樣嚴(yán)格的定義”這說(shuō)明這種分類(lèi)是錯(cuò)誤的。另外，文章最終一段最終一句“Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.”“包括在現(xiàn)行移民體系中不簡(jiǎn)單合法的實(shí)現(xiàn)一些事情”也反映了文章的中心。也就是說(shuō)合法和不合法的分類(lèi)是錯(cuò)誤的。應(yīng)選D。A項(xiàng)說(shuō)短暫移民們的移動(dòng)是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。沒(méi)有表達(dá)文章主旨。B和C項(xiàng)都說(shuō)是risk(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))跟文章無(wú)關(guān)。

Text3

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.

Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.

Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.

31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.

[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction

[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment

[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.

[A]canbeassociative

[B]arenotunconscious

[C]canbedangerous

[D]arenotimpulsive

33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.

[A]trustourfirstimpression

[B]doaspeopleusuallydo

[C]thinkbeforeweact

[D]askforexpertadvice

34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.

[A]criticalassessment

[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study

[C]sensibleexplanation

[D]adequateinformation

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.

[A]tolerant

[B]uncertain

[C]optimistic

[D]doubtful

31.【答案】[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是“作打算過(guò)程中所需的時(shí)間或許可以_____”。文章第一段提到“假如我們?cè)谧龀龇错懼盎c(diǎn)兒時(shí)間來(lái)思索，那么將會(huì)削減甚至消退我們快速反響所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響”，也就是說(shuō)我們做打算所花的時(shí)間打算了我們推斷的精確性。此外，此選項(xiàng)中的“accuracy”為“accurately”的同詞異形，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A表達(dá)“依形勢(shì)緊急性而定”錯(cuò)在無(wú)中生有﹔選項(xiàng)B“証明大腦反映的簡(jiǎn)單性”，也是無(wú)中生有﹔選項(xiàng)C“取決于評(píng)估的重要性”，也與原文不符合，故排解。

32.【答案】[A]canbeassociative

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是“我們對(duì)于快餐商標(biāo)的反響速度說(shuō)明打算是_____樣的”,由題干的關(guān)鍵詞“fast-foodlogo”我們可以定位到第三段。第三段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，讓人做出倉(cāng)促打算的刺激因素不僅限于人際關(guān)系范圍內(nèi)。緊接著一句說(shuō)人們對(duì)快餐商標(biāo)的反響速度比一般閱讀速度快。下一句闡述了緣由：由于人們無(wú)意識(shí)地(unconsciously)將“快餐”與“速度”和“心急”聯(lián)系在一起，并將這些沖動(dòng)付諸行動(dòng)。A說(shuō)打算是有聯(lián)系性的正確，由于人們將“快餐”與“速度”，“心急”聯(lián)系在了一起。B說(shuō)打算是無(wú)意識(shí)的，與原文意思相反;C說(shuō)打算是危急的，原文未提及;D說(shuō)打算是不沖動(dòng)的，與原文意思相悖排解。

33.【答案】[C]thinkbeforeweact

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。先看題干說(shuō)“為了逆轉(zhuǎn)倉(cāng)促打算所帶來(lái)的影響，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)_____”。依據(jù)題干定位到第四段。第四段通過(guò)兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明我們應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣克制負(fù)面影響，第一個(gè)例子表示“假如我們會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品或者房產(chǎn)選擇做出“過(guò)度反響”，我們可以在購(gòu)置之前先思索一會(huì)兒”，由此可說(shuō)明我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在行動(dòng)之前先思索來(lái)消退負(fù)面影響，因此選擇答案C。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

34.【答案】[D]adequateinformation

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是“JohnGottman認(rèn)為牢靠的快速反映是基于_____的。”由題干JohnGottman定位到全文倒數(shù)其次段。其中第一句：JohnGottman,...explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin”thicksliced”long-termstudy.婚姻專家約翰.古德曼解釋說(shuō)，我們快速反響的信息的牢靠性是建立在這樣的快速反響的行為是以長(zhǎng)期的討論為根底而做出的快速反響行為。其中g(shù)round是題干中baseon的同意置換，long-termstudy長(zhǎng)期的討論與D選項(xiàng)adequateinformation相互照應(yīng)。由此可推斷出[D]adequateinformation(足夠的信息)是此題正解。35.【答案】[C]optimistic

35.【解析】態(tài)度題。依據(jù)35題題干reversingthehigh-speedtrend是全文的最終一句，所以解此題可先定位到全文的最終一段。最終一段最終兩句：Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.譯為“盡管技術(shù)可能轉(zhuǎn)變我們反響的方式，但是它并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)變我們的本性。我們?nèi)耘f有力量去克制誘惑并扭轉(zhuǎn)這種高速度的趨勢(shì)?！庇纱宋覀兛梢钥闯龅膽B(tài)度是特別確定的，因此[C]optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)是正解。

Text4

Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.

TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.

DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?

“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.

IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.

Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.

Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.

36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.

[A]womentakethelead

[B]menhavethefinalsay

[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed

[D]seniormanagementisfamily-friendly

37.TheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.

[A]areflectionofgenderbalance

[B]areluctantchoice

[C]aresponsetoReding’scall

[D]avoluntaryaction

38.AccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.

[A]gettopbusinesspositions

[B]seethroughtheglassceiling

[C]balanceworkandfamily

[D]anticipatelegalresults

39.Theauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.

[A]skepticism

[B]objectiveness

[C]indifference

[D]approval

40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.

[A]moresocialjustice

[B]massivemediaattention

[C]suitablepublicpolicies

[D]greater“softpressure”

36.【答案】Bmenhavethefinalsay

【解析】依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Europeancorporateworkplace，定位到文章的第一段.第一句話就明確指出歐洲不是一共性別公平的天堂。接著說(shuō)，尤其是工作場(chǎng)所從來(lái)不是徹底友好的，公司的高層照舊是清一色的男性。選項(xiàng)B，男性有最終的話語(yǔ)權(quán)，是這句話的同義替換，所以正確。

37.【答案】Aareflectionofgenderbalance

【解析】依據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞TheEuropeanUnion，定位到其次段首句，intendedlegislation是對(duì)