高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之——短文改錯(cuò)羅遠(yuǎn)芬2016.10ProofReading教學(xué)目標(biāo)1）了解高考短文改錯(cuò)題的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置規(guī)律2）掌握短文改錯(cuò)的改正方法3）提高篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析和語(yǔ)言糾錯(cuò)的能力4）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的規(guī)范答題習(xí)慣

Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonly

fourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.

Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblack

towardgrayovertheyears.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewas

strongandpowerful.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordo

homeworkwithme.However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.

課前導(dǎo)學(xué)高考真題(2013·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)holdpassedwell/clearlyshouldersto/into

him∧andwheneverNearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethen—foralltheseyear—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!高考真題(2014·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)∧agoofyearshaveaeverywheretastymanywonderful課前導(dǎo)學(xué)2015課標(biāo)卷IWhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.andthethought課前導(dǎo)學(xué)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.seriouswithTheairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.our/thefindManyair

Aftercheckingtheanswerswithyourgroupmembers,discusswhatisthemostdifficultpointforyou.Discussion:沒(méi)找到的錯(cuò)誤&找到錯(cuò)誤卻不會(huì)改正范圍全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷I近三年考點(diǎn)201520142013動(dòng)詞1)think→thought2)mustfound→find3)Studieshavebeenshownthat…

Sincethen,wehad(beendoing…)→have1)usedtoholding→hold;2)passes→passed名詞airs→airtheseyear→yearsshoulders代詞your→our/theTherearesomuch(that…)→manyhimself→him形容詞/副詞1)aseriouslyproblem→serious2)muchrareanimals→many1)growwonderfullytomatoes2)(Thefruitsare)juicyandtaste→tasty3)fiveyearsbefore→agoremembersbverymuch→well/clearly冠詞inthecountryside(加the)Asaresult(加a)Inafact介詞on→with(thedevelopmentof…)Withthehelpby→offrom…

toward→to連詞or→andAlthough…but→yet1)兩句間加and;2)during→when(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)邏輯關(guān)系(Theplantsaregrowing)somewhere→everywherenever→everWhat’sthemaintroublewhencorrectingapassage?1.看不出句子有錯(cuò)，感覺(jué)越讀越對(duì)。2.看出句子錯(cuò)誤,但無(wú)法改正。3.不能從篇章角度考慮問(wèn)題。學(xué)生的困惑

看了答案什么都明白，做題時(shí)想不到，因?yàn)椋哼@些錯(cuò)誤也是我常犯的找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命題規(guī)律…

1）短文長(zhǎng)度

依據(jù)高考近兩年全國(guó)卷I和II進(jìn)行分析，特別是2015年，詞數(shù)都是106，故此題的短文長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)在105-110個(gè)詞之間。

行數(shù)：7命題原則

2）短文難度

難度只相等于高一下學(xué)生作文或高考作文答案答案1.think→thought

2.in^country→+the3.or→and4.on→with5.刪掉been6.seriously→serious7.airs→air8.Much→many9.found→find10.your→our/the.難題3）難題是如何命置的？

難題設(shè)置陷阱（1）：利用錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想

如

WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowI

amlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.都是后文惹的禍，影響了思路甚至有同學(xué)改為will了

難題設(shè)置陷阱（2）：攔截正確思維

Much

rare

animalsaredyingout.e.g._____hisfatherworkhard?_____yourfatherworkhard?

難題設(shè)置陷阱（2）：攔截正確思維

Much

rare

animalsaredyingout.e.g._____hisfatherworkhard?_____yourfatherworkhard?DoorDoes?

難題設(shè)置陷阱（3）：核心考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)查

Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.八大動(dòng)詞，只要是大考就有他們！

切記：八大動(dòng)詞

1.lielielay2.findfound3.windwound4.hanghang5.dress6.seat7.leave8.keep

1.Icangotohomenow.2.Ilikeplayingpiano.3.IamfondatEnglish.theWrongword∧MissingwordofUnnecessary

word高考短文改錯(cuò)的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范）設(shè)疑方式 錯(cuò)詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1）“四不改原則”

⑴單詞拼寫(xiě)不改⑵大小寫(xiě)不改如：

Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.

⑶詞序錯(cuò)誤不改﹙應(yīng)從錯(cuò)詞或少詞方面考慮﹚

⑷

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改

Many

“五不動(dòng)原則”

（1）忠實(shí)原文原則（不改原文的原意）（2）一對(duì)一原則（一錯(cuò)一詞）（3）錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少原則

（4）虛詞以添加或者刪除為原則

（5）實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則

短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置規(guī)律及改正方法1、冠詞錯(cuò)誤類型：①不定冠詞a和an的誤用；元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用a修飾，輔音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an修飾②定冠詞the和不定冠詞的誤用。

表示“一……”的含義時(shí)不用a/an修飾名詞，然而不可數(shù)名詞前卻用a/an修飾；表示特指時(shí)不用the修飾名詞，不表示特指時(shí)卻用the修飾名詞；在某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中隨便使用the。改正方法：分析語(yǔ)境邏輯看有關(guān)名詞表示特指還是泛指，表示特指時(shí)用the修飾，表示泛指且有“一……”之意時(shí)，元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an

修飾，輔音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用a修飾。同時(shí)還應(yīng)注意習(xí)慣表達(dá)中冠詞的使用情況。[例1]Besides,afriendisalwaysgoodlistenerwhenyouneedone.[例2]JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.[例3]Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.∧∧athean冠詞當(dāng)堂練

2、名詞錯(cuò)誤類型：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤。

改正方法：

①分析修飾語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義、主謂一致的特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)境意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。②分析前后兩個(gè)名詞之間有無(wú)所屬關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤。?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有fun,progress,advice,information,equipment,furniture,news等。[例1]…givemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.[例2]Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.[例3]WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.[例4]Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.名詞當(dāng)堂練advicefriendsfriend’scousin’s

3、形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤類型：①形容詞和副詞的誤用；②形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的誤用。改正方法：表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)為形容詞，名詞前的定語(yǔ)為形容詞;

副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、過(guò)去分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子；比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人、物之間做比較；最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或以上的人、物之間做比較。[例1]Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface![例2]Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.[例3]Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.[例4]IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.[例5]…becauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.形容詞和副詞當(dāng)堂練hardtastyslowlylessfar

4、代詞

錯(cuò)誤類型：

①人稱代詞主格和賓格的誤用；②代詞前后指代的誤用；③不定代詞的誤用；④反身代詞的誤用。改正方法：

①分析上下文弄清人稱代詞的正確指代；②主格人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)，賓格人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)，形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)，名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。③分析句子成分可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正缺少的人稱代詞。[例1]Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.[例2]Afterweleft,Isaid,“Thatwasveryniceofyou,Mother.ButIdidn’tthinkshelookedlikeGrandma.”“Neitherdidme,”saidMothercheerfully.[例3]TherewasoneinparticularI’dalwayswanted.Iputintomypocketwhenhewasn’tlooking.[例4]Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.代詞當(dāng)堂練∧∧themIitmy

5、介詞

錯(cuò)誤類型：多用、少用與誤用介詞。

改正方法：分析語(yǔ)境邏輯及檢查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等的搭配。?？疾楹薪樵~的固定短語(yǔ)，因此要加強(qiáng)對(duì)短語(yǔ)的積累。[例1]Fromthenon,we’vekepttouchwitheachotherthroughe-mails.[例2]I’msorrythatIwasn’tabletoreturntoyourbikeontimeyesterday.[例3]Twoyearsago,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.[例4]ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne’sfriend,Gina.介詞當(dāng)堂練∧inof

6、動(dòng)詞

錯(cuò)誤類型：①動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用；②主謂一致誤用。改正方法：命題人經(jīng)常在動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)上設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤，特別是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)之間的替換是命題人命題的熱點(diǎn)，因此看到動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一定要根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)檢查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用及謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)是否正確。動(dòng)詞當(dāng)堂練[例1]Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.[例2]Thereexistnowaparkthathasasmallriverrunningthrough.[例3]ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasbeengivenwaytoasupermarket.[例4]Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneandtheactorcouldn’tbeseenanywhere.wereexistshad

7、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型：①不定式符號(hào)to的多余與遺漏；②to后跟動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)名詞的誤用；③介詞后動(dòng)詞形態(tài)的誤用；④現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的誤用。⑤動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混用錯(cuò)誤改正方法：①不作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞必須用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，具體形式由非謂語(yǔ)成分決定。②要牢記make、have、let后跟動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不加to，作主補(bǔ)時(shí)要加to；③介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形態(tài)用動(dòng)名詞形式；④現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別為：前者表示“動(dòng)作主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”，后者表示“動(dòng)作被動(dòng)和完成”。⑤考生要加強(qiáng)對(duì)含to短語(yǔ)的積累和總結(jié)，注意to何時(shí)能夠省略，何時(shí)為介詞，何時(shí)為不定式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)堂練[例1]Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.[例2]Afterhearyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.[例3]IfindthattheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivinginhaschangedalot.[例4]SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.[例5]IwasattheShanhaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.[例6]InoticedMotherlookingatanearbytableoccupybyanelderlywomanandayoungcouple.seeinghearinglivegobuyingoccupied

8、邏輯關(guān)系

錯(cuò)誤類型：①否定詞特別是not、never等的漏用；②連詞的多用、少用和誤用；③定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用，特別是which與that的誤用；④名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是what和that的誤用。改正方法：在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，特別注意and、or、but、after、before、however、therefore、besides、unless、if等詞的使用是否正確。另外，考生在理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用是否正確。邏輯關(guān)系當(dāng)堂練[例1]AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.[例2]Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshe’dleftontheshelfbymistake.[例3]Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.[例4]Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.andwhichuntil/tilldown

利用歌訣，理清思路

“短文改錯(cuò)要做好，常見(jiàn)類型應(yīng)記牢，名詞愛(ài)考“數(shù)”與“格”，冠詞在前“錯(cuò)”“多”“少”，

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)搭配莫錯(cuò)了