(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(第一套)及答案PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap-thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon’tseekasmanymanagementroles-failedtojustifythisone。Theseyoungwomendidn’thavekidsyet。Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees，fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter（muchlessdecline)leadershiproles。Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent。Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents’yearsoncampus.Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot。Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses，tendtomajorinlessrigorous（非常嚴(yán)格的)subjects，andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.Asaresult，it’snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused，stillstumbling(栽倒)overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart？Strongorsexy（性感的）Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports，mathandtheater—anddoitallaswellasthey(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案possiblycan。Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.56.Traditionally，itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.A)theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscoursesB）theydonotfeelasfitformanagementrolesC)theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathomeD）theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities57。WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?A)Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen。B）Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates。C）Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds。D）Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects。58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday’scollegeexperience?A)Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents。B）Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations。C）Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect。D)ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents。59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?A)Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.B）Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous。C)Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.D）Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool。60。Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege？A）Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious。(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案B)Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.C）Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily。D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Headingleadershipliterature，you’dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader。Idon’tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself—assessmentbythosewhoaspireto（追求）leadershipinthefirstplace。We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge。Whetherit'sadecision—makingsession,abasketballgame，orafamilyouting，theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife。Theybelievethey’renaturalbornleaders。Truthis，they’renothingofthesort。Trueleadersdon’tassumethatit'stheirdivine(神圣的）right，totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether。Quitetheopposite。Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits，andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition，thesituation，and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit。Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct。Facedwithanysituationthatcan'tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity，theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume：iftheythinkyouaren’tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'ttheironlytool.Infact，itisn'teventheirprimarytool。Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse：answers，solutions，patterns,problems,(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案opportunities。Theyknowit'svitallyimportanttodo，buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant。Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall，you’redictating。Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals。注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows？A)Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.B）Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions。C）Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.D)Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions？A)Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead。B）Theybelieveinwhatleadershipliteraturesays.C）Theyhaveprovedcompetentinmanysituations.D)Theyderivegreatsatisfactionfrombeingleaders.63。Whatcharacterizesagreatleaderaccordingtotheauthor？A)Beingabletotakepromptactionwhenchancespresentthemselves.B)Havingawhole—hearteddedicationtotheirdivineresponsibilities.C）Havingafullunderstandingoftheirownmeritsandweaknesses.D)Beingabletoassessthesituationcarefullybeforetakingcharge。64。Howwillmanybusinessexecutivesrespondwhentheircommandfailstogenerateaction？A）Theyreassessthesituationathand.B)Theybecomeimpatientandrude.(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案C)Theyresorttoanytoolavailable.D）Theyblametheirteammembers。65。Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoleaders？A）Concentrateononespecifictaskatatime。B)Usedifferenttoolstoachievedifferent,goals。C）Buildupastrongteamtoachievetheirgoals。D)Showdeterminationwhenfacedwithtoughtasks.第三套PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hospitals，hopingtocurbmedicalerror，haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers，smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect;doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare。Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure。Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas”distracteddoctoring."Inresponse，somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices。”Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords，butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting，"saidDr。Peter(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案PapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter?！盡ygutfeeling（本能的感覺(jué))islivesareindanger,"saidDr.Papadakos?！盬e'renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse。"Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery。Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery。Thestudyconcluded,”Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous."Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones，andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信條）ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe”datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest，instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails。Dr。PeterCarmel，presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology”offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare，"butheaddedthatdoctors'firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers，smartphonesandotherdevices？A)Toreducemedicalerror。B)Tocopewithemergencies.C）Tofacilitateadministration。D）Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"？A）Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients。B）Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices。C)Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients。D）Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.58。WhatdoesDr。PeterPapadakosworryabout?A）Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemodemtechnology。B)Doctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives。C)octorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology。D）Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming。59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemodemdevices?A)Patientstrustdoctorswhousemodemtechnology.B)Useofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals'revenues.C）Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.D)Patients'datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime。60。WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors？A)Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience。B）Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient'scondition。C）Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D)Theymakethebestuseofmodemdevices。(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow。JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential。Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox(矛盾的現(xiàn)象）weseemtoexhibit，namely，thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore，yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore。Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried。Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows，andmoviesthaneverbefore.Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieortelevisionprogramevercreated。SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials。Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage。SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession。Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24—year—oldsareemployed，thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet？Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor，theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic(勤奮工作）asdistinctiveofitself。Millennialswanttosavetheworld，buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem。Insteadofworking2—3jobs，launchingabusiness,ordoingwhatittakestosucceed，theyretreat.Millennialsmaybethefirstgenerationtohavealowerstandardoflivingthantheirparents,butwiththisresponsetoadversity(逆境），perhapsdeservinglyso.(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案Muchinkhasbeenspilledinmanagementbooksdiscussinghowtogetthemostoutoftheseyouthsintheworkplace.Largely,theycometothesameconclusion；Millennialsareentitled，over-confident，andexpecttoomuchtooquickly.Weshouldnotbesurprised.Today'syoungadultswereraisedbyparentswhomadesuretoboosttheirself—esteemateveryturn，tellingthemtheycouldachievewhatevertheysettheirmindsto,andhandingoutprizesforthesixthplace。61。WhatdoestheauthorofthepassagethinkofMillennials?A)Theyshowlittleinterestinentertainment.B）Theyarenotconfidentabouttheirability.C）Theyenjoyaneasylifeduetohightechnology。D）Theymaynothavebrightprospectsforsuccess.62.HowdoMillennialsfeelabouttheirlife?A）Theycanhardlydoanythingaboutit.C）Itisnotasgoodastheirparents'。B)Thereislittleinittogetexcitedabout.D）Itisfullofopportunitiesforsuccess.63.InwhatwayareMillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationsaccordingtoPewResearch?A）Theyspendlesstimesocializing。C）Theydonotvaluehardwork.B）Theyareindifferenttoothers.D）Theyaremoreindependent。(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案64.WhatshouldMillennialsdoaccordingtotheauthor?A)Remainoptimisticinfaceofadversity。C）Makefulluseofnewopportunities。B）Startabusinessasearlyaspossible.D)Takeactiontochangetheirsituation。65。WhyareMillennialsover-confidentaboutthemselves？A）Theyhavebeenspoiledbytheirparents.C）Theyaremisguidedbymanagementbooks。B）Theycanalwaysgetwhatevertheyexpect。D)Theythinktheyareyoungandenergetic。第二套PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn’taneither/orproposition(命題),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM（science，technology,engineering，maths)relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities（人文學(xué)科）andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica’seducationalsystematalllevels。Bothareasarecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety，becomeinnovative（創(chuàng)新）leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides。Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransform(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案professionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs。Underthesecircumstances，it'snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost”practical"wayoutoftheproblem:"Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob"seemstheobviousanswertosome，thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas”soft"often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed，accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell，thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateeasily.Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthere'slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbecalledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers。Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight—pickedupfromscience，arts,andtechnology-tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture，andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.56。Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest？A)STEM—relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationsociety.B）ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance。C）Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spirituallife。D）Highereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofsociety。57.Whatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?A)Theirinterestinrelevantsubjects。B)Theacademicvalueofthecourses.(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案C）Thequalityofeducationtoreceive.D）Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob。58。Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheso-calledsoft,subjects?A）Theybenefitstudentsintheirfuturelife.B)Theybroadenstudents’rangeofinterests.C）Theyimprovestudents'communicationskills。D）Theyareessentialtostudents'healthygrowth。59.Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor?A)Thosewhohaveastrongsenseofresponsibility。B)Thosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems。C)Thosewhoarelikelytobecomeinnovativeleaders。D)Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation。60。Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents？A)Seizeopportunitiestotaptheirpotential。B）Trytotakeavarietyofpracticalcourses.C)Preparethemselvesfordifferentjoboptions.D）Adoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingproblems。PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage。(完整word版)2014年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案Energyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit,doesn’tit？Ifyouthinkso,you’renotalone，becauseenergyindependencehasbeenthedreamofAmericanpresidentsfordecades，andnevermoresothaninthepastfewyears,whenthemostrecentoilpriceshockhasbeenpartlyresponsibleforkickingoffthegreatrecession."Energyindependence”anditsrhetorical(修辭的）companion”energysecurity"are,however,slipperyconceptsthatarerarelythoughtthrough.Whatisitwewantindependencefrom,exactly？Mostpeoplewouldprobablysaythattheywanttobeindependentfromimportedoil.Buttherearereasonsthatwebuyallthatoilfromelsewhere.Thefirstreasonisthatweneedittokeepoureconomyrunning。Yes,thereisatrickle(涓涓細(xì)流）ofbiofuel(生物燃料）available,andmoremaybecomeavailable，butmostbiofuelscauseeconomicwasteandenvironmentaldestruction。Second,Americanshavebasicallydecidedthattheydon'treallywanttoproducealltheirownoil。Theyvaluetheenvironmentalqualitytheypreserveovertheiroilimportsfromabroad。VastareasoftheUnitedStatesareoff—limitstooilexplorationandproductioninthenameofenvironmentalprotect