2021屆北京市石景山區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)期末考試試卷及答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)AIt’satemptinghabitforthemtolookattheirsmartphoneratherthanmakeeyecontactwithsomeone.Thereissomuchtolookat:photographs,socialmediafeeds,messagesandemails.Nowondertheyaregluedtotheirscreens.Butisitgoodforthem?Therehavebeenmanyclaimsaboutthedamagelookingatscreensdoestooureyesight.Somepeoplefearedstaringatasmallbrightboxcouldmakeusshort-sighted.Thisisaparticularconcernforchildrenandyoungpeople,whospendahigherpercentageoftimeusingelectronicdevices.BBCreporter,RoryJones,says,“Thereisenoughevidencethatnomatterhowlongteenagersarespendinglookingatscreens,theycomeacrossinformationaboutissuessuchasanorexiaandself-harmthatcouldprovedamagingtotheirmentalhealth.”Butanewstudysaystimeinfrontofcomputersandphonesmightnotbeasbadforyoungpeopleasmanythink.ResearchbytheOxfordInternetInstituteexamineddatafrommorethan17,000teenagersintheUK,IrelandandtheUnitedStates.Theirstudyconcludedthatmostlinksbetweenlifesatisfactionandsocialmediauseweretiny,accountingforlessthan1%ofateenager’swellbeing.ProfessorPrzybylski,directorofresearch,said,“99.75%ofaperson’slifesatisfactionhasnothingtodowiththeiruseofsocialmedia.”Theresearchfoundthatfamily,friendsandschoollifeallhadagreaterimpactonwellbeing.So,doesthismeanyoungpeoplecanspendlongerlookingatsocialmedia?TheOxfordresearchersareconfidentaboutitsfindingsandthatanyconnectionbetweenscreentimeandmentalhealthisverysmall.Dr.MaxDavie,officerforhealthimprovementattheRoyalCollege,callsthestudya“smallfirststep”,buthesaysthereareotherissuestoexplore,suchasscreentime'sinterference（干預(yù)）withotherimportantactivitieslikesleep,exerciseandtimewithfamilyorfriends.Perhapsfornow,the“right”amountofscreentimeisonlyamatterofpersonaljudgement.Whatispeople’scommonbeliefconcerningscreentime?Lookingatscreensdoesharmtoyoungpeople.Screentimeprovidesachanceforteenagerstolearn.Mostteenagersgetnear-sightedduetolookingatscreens.Asmallamountoftimeonlinedoeslittleharmtoteenagers.WhatcanwelearnfromthenewstudybytheOxfordInternetInstitute?Screentimehasagreatinfluenceonpeople’sdailyactivities.Therightamountofthescreentimeisrelatedtoitscontent.Thereisacloselinkbetweensocialmediaandself-satisfaction.Socialbondsplayamoresignificantroleinpeople’swellbeingthansocialmedia.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencefiction. B.Asciencemagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Aneconomicsbook.BThefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.Astronomersareplanningtomakethemoon'sdistantsideournewestandbestwindowonthecosmic（宇宙的）darkages,amysteriouserahidingearlymarksofstarsandgalaxies.Ouruniversewasnotalwaysfilledwithstars.About380,000yearsafterthebigbang,theuniversecooled,andthefirstatomsofhydrogenformed.Gigantichydrogencloudssoonfilledtheuniverse.Butforafewhundredmillionyears,everythingremaineddark,withoutstars.Thencamethecosmicdawn:thefirststarsflickered,galaxiescameintoexistenceandslowlytheuniverse'slarge-scalestructuretookshape.Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical（光學(xué)的）telescopes—therewasnolight.Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength（orlow-frequency）radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.Nowmultiplespaceagenciesplanlunarmissionscarryingradio-wave-detectinginstruments—somewithinthenextthreeyears—andastronomers'dreamsaresettobecomereality.“IfIweretodesignanidealplacetodolow-frequencyradioastronomy,Iwouldhavetobuildthemoon,"saysastrophysicistJackBurnsoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”What'sthepurposeofbuildingradiotelescopesonthemoon?AToresearchthebigbang.B.Todiscoverunknownstars.C.Tostudythecosmicdarkages. D.Toobservethefarsideofthemoon.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inParagraph3possiblymean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate.C.Produce. D.Predict.Hydrogenradioemissionscan'tbedetectedonEarthbecause ．therewasnolightinthedarkagestheycannotpossiblygetthroughouratmospheregigantichydrogencloudsnolongerfilltheuniverseradiosignalsonEarthcausetoomuchinterferenceWhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?Scientistshavetorebuildthemoon.Wewillfinallygettothemoon'sdistantside.Themoonisaperfectplacetosetupradiotelescopes.Afavorableresearchenvironmentwillbefoundonthemoon.CTheearlylifeofthegreenseaturtle（海龜）isfullofdanger.Onlyonein1,000babyseaturtlessurvivetoadulthood（成年）.Fromitshomeinthesand,itbreaksitseggwithaneggtooth.Itsmotherisnottheretohelpit.Instead,itisgreetedbycrabs,coyotes,anddogswaitingtoeatitfordinner.Tosurvive,thebabyturtlemusthideinthesanduntilnight.Then,itmovesslowlytothesea.Thesmallturtlemustswimhardtoreachtheoceanwaters.Inthesea,ittrieshardtofindfood.Itmustalsokeepitselffrombeingfoodforfish.Asdangerousastheseaturtle’slifeisinthenaturalworld,itsmostdangerousenemiesarehumans.Therubbishleftbyhumansintheoceancausesproblemsforthesmallgreenseaturtle.Alittleturtlemighteatapieceofplastic（塑料）inthesea.Itmightalsoeatoilontheocean’ssurface.Youngturtlesalsogetcaughtinfishingnets.Therearelawsagainsthuntingseaturtles.Still,manyarehunted,bothfortheirmeatandfortheirshells（殼）.Allofthesedangersmustbeprevented.Seaturtlesthatdosurvivetogrowintoadulthoodgothroughmanychanges.Forexample,adultgreenseaturtlesweighabout500pounds.Theystopeatingjellyfishandothermeatandeatonlyplants.Andtheymayplanatriptogobackhomeagain.Amotherseaturtlegoesbacktothebeachwhereshewasborn.Thisistheonlyplacewhereshewilllayeggs.Evenifithasbeenfortyyearssinceshewasababy,shealwaysknowsherwaybackhome.Whydobabyturtlesmovetotheseaatnight?Theydislikesunshine.Theypreferlowertemperatures.Theycanfindfoodeasilythen.Theyneedtoavoidenemies.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheyoungturtlesinParagraph3?A.Pitiful. B.Careless.C.Interesting. D.Courageous.Whatcanwelearnaboutseaturtles?Theymainlyfeedonfishandmeat.Theyalwaysproduceeggsattheirbirthplaces.Theycanliveforaroundfortyyears.Theyvisittheirbeachhomesseveraltimesayear.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Thehomesofgreenseaturtles.Howseaturtlesfindtheirfood.Thedangersfacedbyseaturtles.Howyoungturtlesbecomeadults.DBeingateacherisarewardingcareerwhenitcomestochanginglives,butit’sobviouslyonethatcomeswithplentyofstressesanddifficultiestoo.Seekinghelpforachildwhoissoobviouslyinneedisn’teasy.Often,youfeelignoredbythegovernment.Youfeelupsetthatthereisn’tanythingyoucouldpersonallydotohelpaneedyandsensitivememberofyourclass.That’sexactlyhowChelseaHaley,aged24atthetime,feltwhenshemetfourth-gradestudentJeromeRobinsonwhileworkingforTeachforAmericainLouisianaforthefirsttime.Thepairdidn’tgetofftothebeststart,withJerome,the“problemchild”,almostdrivingChelseafromteaching.ButwhenChelseaputherfootdownandbecamedeterminedtoworkmorecloselywithJerome,shelearnedthecauseofhisrudebehavior:abadhomesituation.ChelseawaseagertohelpJerome,andrealizedthatheneededmorethanjustacademicsupport.By2016,ayearaftermeetinghim,Chelseahadadopted（收養(yǎng)）JeromeandhisbrotherJace.Adoptingachilddoesn’tcomecheap,andChelseaspentallthemoneyinherbanktoseetheprocessthrough.Inherfirstfewyearsofraisingtheboys,shelivedoncreditcardsandpostponedherstudentloan.AsChelsealivedwithhertwoadoptedsons,sheworkedhardtorepayherdebts.Shetookonextratutoringjobsoutsideofschoolhours,movedinwithherparents,andevendeliveredgroceriesforcash.Alongtheway,shewaslearninghowtobethebestmomtoJeromeandJace,cookingforthemandcheeringthemonatfootballmatches.Andnow,justfiveyearslater,Chelseacanproudlysaythatshehaspaidoffnearly$50,000ofdebt.Nowthatshe’sfinallyoutofdebt,Chelseahasplanstobuyahouseandsaveupfortheboys’collegeeducation.“Itallowsmetofocusontheboys’future,”shesaid.“Savingmoneyforthem,andnotspendingitonmypast.”Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?Jerome’sfamilywaslessfortunate.Thebrotherswereinthesameclass.WhenhelpingJerome,Chelseafelthopeless.D.ChelseagotalongwellwithJeromefromtheverystart.WhatdidChelseadotopayoffherdebts?A.Borrowmoneyfromherparents. B.Dopart-timejobs.C.Trainstudentstoplayfootball. D.Cookforcustomers.HowoldwasChelseawhenshepaidoffnearlyallofherdebts?A.24. B.28. C.29. D.30.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeChelsea?A.Luckyandlovely. B.Sensitiveandambitious.C.Selflessanddetermined. D.Warmheartedandstrict.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)AreYouUsingYourTimeWisely?Time.Yougetthesameamounteverysingleday.Itispredictable,withscheduledtimesforsunrisesandsunsets.Timeisoneofthefewpredictableelementsinlife. 16 Itdoesn’tmatterhowmuchmoneyorinfluenceyouhave,itisthesameforeveryone.Whatwouldyoudoifsomeonegaveyou$86,400asagift?Wouldyouthinklongandhardabouthowyouwouldusethatmoney,andwhatfunorimportantthingsyouwoulddowithit?That’sthenumberofsecondswearegiveneachandeveryday.Butdoyougetupinthemorningandthinkaboutwhatvaluableandimportantthingsyouwilldowitheverysecond?Veryfewpeopledo.So,startthinkingaboutyour“gift”of86,400secondseachday.Usethemwiselyeachandeveryday. 17 Definewhatyoucareabout.Youhavetomakealiving,paythebills,attendtoyourfamilyinneed,finishthepaperdueforclassandcookyourmeals.Therearecertainnon-negotiables,butwhileyouaredoingallofthese“have-to”things,considerwhatyoucareabout. 18 Doyouwanttoimproveyourself?Doyouwanttolearnsomethingnew?Doyouwanttogaininsightorusethetimeyouaredoingthesethingstogetintouchwithyourinnerself?Thepointisthateveryactivityinlifegivesyouachanceforadeepermeaningifyouestablishfirstwhatyouwouldlikeittobe. 19 Iftimeisalwaysbeyondyourmanagement,startbeingmoreconsciousofwhatyouuseitforandwhatyoucommitto.Ifyouarea“yes”personwhoagreestotakeonmorethanyoushould,considersaying“no.”Ifyoudocommit,breakdownwhat’sneededintosmalltaskssoyoucanmakegradualprogressinsteadofrushingtogetsomethingdone.Putthingsonthecalendar.Planforplanning.Getattachedtoyourcalendar.Plan“metime,”“thinkingtime,”and“time-to-plantime”inyournotebook. 20 Sticktoitdeliberately（刻意地）untilitismorenaturalforyou.Becomingmoremindfulanddeliberateaboutyourtimewillhelpyoufocusonitmorethoroughlyandfindthegiftsineverymomentyouaregiven.A.Becomeaplanner.B.Dothingsmindfully.Doyouwanttoenjoytheprocess?Don’texpectthiswilljustunfoldnaturally.Noonegetsmoreinadaythananyoneelse.Here’swhatyoucando,especiallyifyouarebusyandtimeseemstodisappear.Mostofusdon’tliveasifourtimeislimited,andthereforewastetoomuchofit.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)完形填空（每小題1分，共20小題,學(xué)法題3分，滿(mǎn)分23分）In2016,60-year-oldMarshallReevesgotontohisbikeinCalifornia.HebegantheRaceAcrossAmerica,a3,000-mile___21___thatrunsfromcoasttocoast.Thegoalwasto___22___thefinishlineinMarylandintwoweeks.Thisgoalhad___23___himtwicealready:In2011hemadeittoManchester,Ohio,andin2014,hewasforcedtostopatWestUnion,WestVirginia.Butforhisthird___24___,Reeveshadanewsourceofmotivation:Hewasracingwith3,000milestoaCure,whichraisedmoneyforbraincancer 25 Theraceisoneofthelongestrunningand___26___respectedeventsinthecountry.Butit’salsooneofthemost___27___.Onlyabouthalfthecompetitorsareabletofinish.Unlikeotherlong-distancebikeracesthataredoneintimed___28___,itiscontinuous---oncetheclockstartsinCalifornia,itdoesn’t___29___untilMaryland.Tostayontrack,racershavetomeet30timecutoffs（截止點(diǎn)）alongtheway.Racersaretypically 31 incarsbyasmallcrew.It’sthecrew’sjobtokeeptheracernotonlyphysically 32 ,butalsomentallymotivated.Intheearlydaysoftherace,whenReeveshad 33 tostopatahotel,hewouldbe34toafull-bodymassage（按摩）andagoodnight’ssleep.Butafterthreedays,35wasaluxury（不常有的樂(lè)趣）asheracedtomakethetimecutoffsbikingformorethan20hoursaday.Aftercrossingthetwopointswherehis 36 attemptshadended,Reevesenteredanew,unknownarea.Withjust25milesleft,Reevesstruggledtostay37,catchingquicknaps（小睡）inthecar.Atlast,hecrossedthefinishlinein12days,13hours,and52minutes.Thisyear,Reeveswill 38 acrossAmericaagain,butthistime,he’llbeworkingtheothersideoftherace.Someofhisroadcrewmemberswillcreatearelayteam（接力隊(duì)）,andReeveswill39themasroadchief, 40____thefavorforhiscrew’shardwork.21.A.widthB.processC.journeyD.record22.A.crossB.touchC.drawD.kick23.A.attractedB.defeatedC.shakenD.reminded24.A.choiceB.planC.decisionD.attempt25.A.meetingB.reportC.researchD.challenge26.A.fullyB.highlyC.trulyD.clearly27.A.difficultB.excitingC.importantD.wonderful28.A.areasB.ordersC.stagesD.goal29.A.changeB.countC.continueD.stop30.A.shortB.strictC.longD.enough31.A.followedB.protectedC.linkedD.taken32.A.relaxedB.availableC.effectiveD.healthy33.A.luckB.timeC.energyD.courage34.A.determinedB.adaptedC.treatedD.acquired35.A.foodB.bathingC.smilingD.rest36.A.quickB.previousC.happyD.sudden37.A.awakeB.asleepC.amazedD.amused38.A.setaboutB.setupC.setoffD.setdown39.A.considerB.refuseC.recommendD.join40.A.receivingB.returningC.thankingD.asking第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式RobotteachersarenowverypopularwithpupilsinsomeprimaryschoolsinSouthKorea.___41.___（compare）withhumanteachers,therobotteachersaremorepatient.Theynevergetangryandarealwayskindtothestudents.That’s___42.___thechildrencanalwaysgetonwellwiththeirrobotteachers.English-teachingrobots___43.___（send）tothreeprimaryschoolsforeightweekslastDecember.Equipped___44.___amicrophoneandvideocameras,therobotsteachstudentsasteachers.ResearchersfoundthattheEnglish-teachingrobotshelpedraisestudents’interestsinthelanguageandbuilduptheir___45.___（confident）.Moreandmorestudentscametolikestudyingandtheygot___46.___（good）gradesinexams.Meanwhile,___47.___robotteachers,whichcanteachmath,scienceandart,havealsobeendeveloped.Marypeoplethinktherootteachersshouldbeusedinfarawayvillageschoolssothatthechildrentherecanalsoreceive___48.___goodeducation.Togiveruralschoolchildrenmorelearningchances,theSouthKoreangovernmenthasexpressedgreatinterestindevelopingtheserobots.Nodo