語態(tài) 練習(xí) 練習(xí) 練習(xí) 練習(xí) 題型解題型解（似詞等詞匯干擾項也很常見。有時還會出現(xiàn)有關(guān)背景知識和方面的選詞。be+（語態(tài)謂語的標準結(jié)構(gòu)。be表示時態(tài)，該部分可以進行不同的時態(tài)變化。）blame,eg.Themagazinesells Iamnottoblame.在deserve,need,require,want,worth（形容詞）后的動名詞必須用主動形式表Theradioneedsrepairing.Theradioneedstoberepaired.Thiscalssroomneedscleaning.這個教室應(yīng)該打掃一下。Thisarticleisworth 句型：條件從 主 should(would)+動詞IfIwerehere,Iwouldhelpyou.句型：條件從 主 should(would)have+過去分Ifhehadworkedharder,Tomwouldhavesucceededinthefinal句型：條件從 主should(would)+動詞were+不定式should(would)+動詞should+動詞would+動詞Ifshesucceeded,everythingwouldbeallIfsheshouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifsheweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Iftheboyhadaskedhistutoryesterday,hewouldknowwhattodoWereheherenow,hecouldhelp=Ifhewereherenow,hecouldhelpHadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemet=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbeimportant,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,noeg.Itissuggestedthatthey(should)leaveforU.S.A.nextItisnecessarythatI(should)pickyouupattheairportorder,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doHesuggestedthatwe(should)makenotesassoon.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepublicenjoyaharmonious用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞。Myideaisthatwe(should)makejointeffortstoprotectwildanimals.Imakeaproposalthatthey(should)haveanappointmentnextItishightimethatweshouldattendThereisapenandseveralbooksontheeither…or…neither…norhere,there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的EitheryouorIamaHereisapenandsomebooksforTheprofessortogetherwithhisstudentsisvisitingthecampus.SheaswellasIwantstogoshop.ThreewasnotalongdistancetoThreedollarsismanya…Manyastudenthasreadthe (not)(not)to+be+done(not)TofufiltheprojectwilltakeawholeToliveistostruggle.生活就是。Hisnistostudyabroadnext他們的計劃是明年learn,like,mean（打算）,n,pretend,promise,refuse,try,want等Ipromisedtohelpyou.Ourattempttosolvethedifficultproblemsucceeded.determination,failure,hope,need,opportunity,n,promise,refusal,way等Weworkhardtofinishthistaskintime.目的)Theyaskedustojointhem.Heisnotlikelytohavebeentoldtheresult.這個結(jié)果很可能還沒有Theyseemtobehavingameeting.(not)(not)being+done(not)Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.Theybeganstudyingcomputerlastweek.Theygotexcitedonhearingthegoodnews.Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.這些段落可用作材料HelikesfishingandlisteningtoThismatterisfarfrombeingHementionedhavingtranslatedthearticleintoAfterhavingbeentreatedthewatercanbeusedforraisingPleaseexcusemyinterruptingyou.Idon’tlikeyoungpeoplethem)smoking.我不喜歡年輕人（他們）(not)(not)being+done(not)表語許多現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)成為形容詞，如amusing,annoying,astonishing,attracting,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,embarrassing,exciting,fascinating,frightening,interestinginspiringinvitingpleasing,puzzlingshocking,surprising,tiring等，都具有主動意義，譯成“令人?的”，但是missing是主動表示。這些詞同普通形容詞一樣可以由副詞修Thestoryisamusing,moreamusingthanalltheJimhasgonefishing.I’drathercomewalkingwithhim.Wesatlingstoriestothechildren.Hestoodwatchingthefootballsee,hearsmellfeel,watchfindnoticeobserve,lookatlistento等表示感覺的動詞，現(xiàn)CanyousmellanythingIsawthemswimminginthepooljust,Iwon’thaveyoungHisremarksleftmewonderinghisrealIsawhimcrossingtheroad.Isawhimcrosstheroad.hard-workingpeoplethatnever-endingquarrelfine-lookingbuildings,anEnglish-speakingman;2）后置通常由一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語承當。IhaveafriendlivinginWillthepeoplesittingatthebackpleasekeepHearingthebadnews,sheburstintoOnce,whileworkingonanewinvention,Edisonmade8,000testswithoutsuccess.Havingarrivedatadecision,theyimmediaysettowork.Workinghard,youwillmakeIfyingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.3）原因狀語常在句首。Notunderstandingtheproblem,heaskedtheteacheragain.Beingashyman,Einsteindidnotattendhisfiftiethbirthdayparty.HavinglivedinBerlinsomanyyearsheknewthecityquitewell4）結(jié)果狀語常在句末。Hedroppedthecup,breakingitintoOnebyonePetersoldhistomatoesgettingonlyasmallamountoftheirworth.5）程度狀語常在句末。Thesoupisboilinghot.Itiszingcold.Theystoodattheroadside,watchingtheprocession.Thechildrenranout,laughingandtalkingmerrily.HesatatthewindowJudgingfromwhatyousay,hehasdonehisbest.Generallyspeaking,thisbookisnoteasy.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,wewentaway.Shesobbed,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.Weatherpermitting,I’llgoHesatthere,childrenyingroundHelenKellerworkedhardtohelpthesickandthedying.2）有些名詞就是-ing結(jié)尾的。HegavemeagoodTheydidallthecookingbyThebuildingofaneweconomyrequiresallourTheyareinterestedinThemagazineweborrowedfromthelibrarywasvery我們從館借的那本非常有趣ThefloatingneedleofacompassalwayspointsnorthandPeoplebelievethatseawatercontainseverynaturalelementWorkinginthent,welearnalotfromtheworkers.(=WhenweTimepermitting,theywillstarttodoanewTheexperimentfinished,weleftthelabandwentTheycouldenjoytheopportunitiesthatareofferedbytheInstead,ernmentsshouldtrytorevivedomesticconsumption,whichwouldhelpinsulatetheregionfromtheinfluenceoftheworldeconomy.常用的關(guān)系代詞:that、which、who、whom、whose、as常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）when、whywhereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.IknowthereasonwhyhewassoTheboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismyI'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthe指物時，相當于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如：Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.主語Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustYoucantakeanythingthat)youlike.（賓語Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingHereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttoShe'snolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobebefore.（表語Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedto=OurhometownisnotthesameasitusedtoOurhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedto:Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主語Thebookwhich/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（賓語ThefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromHewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表語Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定語Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforwho,whom,who:主格,在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;whom:賓格，在從句中作賓語;Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主語Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor. He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearn比較：Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfaces=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacesThereisateapotshapedlikeaduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedto關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時,介詞可放于從句之首,也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（whothat用作介詞賓語時,介詞必須放在句末.）Thisisthebookforwhichyou=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedDoyouknow withwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknow(whom/who/that)IshookhandsThebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingletowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?IsthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastThisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.afterlook構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)as的用法:(as引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語thesame?sthesameas；such?s;asmany/muchas；so?s等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.assame連用,在從句中用作表語,Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthejustIthoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthWewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchceasyoudreamofinallthis比較：IliveinthesamehousethatheusedtoliveI'mwearingthesameshirtasyouwore比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定語從句Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（結(jié)果狀語從句"正如，這一點"。（動詞常為know,see,expectpointoutetc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作賓語)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主語=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealthasweallknow（as作賓語=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'HewasaforeignerasIknewfromhis (賓語,先行詞是前面整個句子tear,month,etc.）HecamelastnightwhenIwasWewillputoff icuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbe注意：先行詞為"時間名詞"when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作狀語）Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作賓語Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeIshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmyThereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotfactory,room,etc.ThisisthecewhereIwasIliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedto在從句中作主語或賓語,where則在從句中做地點狀語?！鵗hisisthefactorywhereinwhichheworkedlastyear.（作狀語ThetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandIthinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldernmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheThesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/thecewhichisnowpartofHubei.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作賓語Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaaboutthece,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.Whyreasonforwhich指代；當關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如：Thereasonwhyforwhichthat)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作賓語）Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexinhissuccess?（作主語Ex.)Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotup.Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表語從句(thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.定語從句當先行詞為waythatinwhich,how引導(dǎo)，that時，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如:Thisistheway /in Idosuch比較Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）IhaveshownThisisthebookIlike Beijing,whichhasbeen'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。 Hehasasister,whoisamusician.Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.,關(guān)系副詞when，wherewhyHestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterTom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousTheysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbetokeepNegroesasHewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverA）that&在定語從句中，whichthat在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that,而不宜用which的情況.WeshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeopleThere'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutitDoyoumeantheonethatwasbought②先行詞被onlyany,few,little,nojust,veryoneofTheonlythingthatwecoulddowastoThat'stheverywordthatiswronglyThelastce(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatis.IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelpto*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlast*ThisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastWhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiThisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisThisisthebestthatcanbedoneThemostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoing.ThewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknownTheriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbytheYesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatstillalive,Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen⑧疑問詞是whowhich，關(guān)系代詞宜用thatWhichisthebookthatyoulikeWhoisthemanthatisstandingattheTherebethat作關(guān)系代詞.ThereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillThat'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyouaMyhomevillageisnolongerthece(that)itusedtobe1.AzooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforIsthistheroominwhichMr.WhiteCrusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddiedMoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichis ingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句),Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentoAtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.Here'stheEnglish rwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyour⑤先行詞本身是that,whichWhat'sthatwhichsheislooking⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsell(B)who&whothat指代人時，有些情況宜用who,anyoneanybodythose,all,oneonesthey,hepeople時.TheIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworksAnyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreasonThosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatIdon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkswhoarequarrelsomeareTherebewho指代人.ThereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyouThereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributive③當先行詞有較長的后置定語時.1.Imetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakvery,以免重復(fù).Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.C）as&as&whichwhichasas可置于所限Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryJack,asyouknowisanhonestman.JackisanhonestmanasyouAsyouknow,JackisanhonestHewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行詞是一個詞Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個句子）Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoHewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhis③as一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.Whatcentralbankerswanttoknow,aboveall,iswhetherthesupplyofmoneyisbigenoughtomeetthedemandformoney,withoutexceedingit(whichiswhatleadstoinflation).求（供大于求會通貨膨脹。Legendhasitthathewastheonlysurvivorinthataircrash.（賓語從句）Itdoesnotalterthefactthatheisthemanresponsibleforthedelay.（同位語從句）Naturallyourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall副詞Weworkedhardfromsunrisetosunset介詞狀短語TohelpmydisabledauntIspendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday不定式Seenfromadistancethefarmhouselookeddeserted過去分詞IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore（原因狀語從句狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時常用引導(dǎo)詞：when,aswhileassoonaswhilebefore,after,sincetill,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immedia directly,nosooner?than,hardlywhen,scarcely?whenIdidn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果園themomenttheysawtheguard.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetinto,Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.常用引導(dǎo)詞：because,sinceas特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringMyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandNowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourThehigher etaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.常用引導(dǎo)詞：sothat,inorder特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignTheteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmore常用引導(dǎo)詞：sothats?thatsuch特殊引導(dǎo)詞：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissTosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplast常用引導(dǎo)詞：if特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthatWe’llstartourprojectiftheYouwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeeponProvidedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeeting常用引導(dǎo)詞：thoughalthoughevenif,evenas(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while)，nomatter?，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumay特殊引導(dǎo)詞：themorethemorejustas?;AistoBwhatasXistoYnomorethan;notAsomuchasSheisasbad-temperedashermother.ThehouseisthreetimesasbigasThemoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillFoodistomenwhatoilistomachine.常用引導(dǎo)詞：asasifWheninRome,doastheRomando.ShebehavedasifsheweretheSometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaught②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?？墒÷?。例如：WhenthemuseumiscompletedthemuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyearHe’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.I’mtallerthanhe(istallThehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is,althoughthoughevenifthough等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句③由when,whileasbefore,after,untiltill等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句If(itispossible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的話,Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itisinconvenienttoyou.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席。As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.他小時候就學(xué)會了騎自行車。Whenever(sheis) ,sheoftengoesshop.她有空就去逛商店。Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.少壯不努力,徒傷悲While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.他在孩提時代就。Although(hewas)afarmernowheisafamousdirector.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbankshewassingingapopsong.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流Although(heis) nghisbestinmathsthesedayshehasstillgotnogoodmarks.盡管近來他一Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwasexpected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.當時他站起來好像要說什么。Hewouldn'tsolvetheproblemevenifhewere)totakecharge.即使他來負責(zé),他也解決不了這個問題。f.連詞+Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewasintrouble.她看上去很焦急,edmedehaeeeea)ine.到注意:當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。:Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.當會議結(jié)束時,人們強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分(主語、賓語、賓語補足語或狀語等)+that/who+句子的其余部分。 thatwho；被強調(diào)的部分是賓語，指人時也可以用whom；如果被強調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。ItwasJohnandMikewho/thatsawMaryinthestreetlastnight.ItisMarywhom/whoheoftenhelps.ItwasinthestreetthatImethim二、時態(tài)。在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等)Itis...that...。如果原句用Itwas...that...。如：MarymetanoldbeggarinthestreetItwasMarywho/thatmetanoldbeggarinthestreetyesterday.(強調(diào)主語)Itwasanoldbeggarwhom/thatMarymetinthestreetyesterday.強調(diào)賓語)ItwasyesterdaythatMarymetanoldbeggarinthestreet.(強調(diào)時間狀語)ItwasinthestreetthatMarymetanoldbeggaryesterday.(強調(diào)地點狀語)有時，be前可使用表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。如：ItmustbePeterwhohasletthissecretout.一定是將這個出去的。Itmightbelastnightthattheydidtheir 三、強調(diào)含有notuntil的句子。notuntil句型時，notuntil從句前，主句謂語動詞作相應(yīng)變化，即itis(was)+notuntil從句+that+其它。ItwasnotuntilhehadfinishedtheworkthathewentItwasnotuntil12o’clocklastnightthatmybrothercame Wasityouthat/whobrokethewindowWasitinthewarthathelosthissonWherewereyou →WherewasitthatyouwereWhatdidyouwanttosee?→WhatwasitthatyouwantedtoHowmanypeoplearebeingtrainedforthespecialwork?Howmanypeopleisitthatarebeingtrainedforthespecialwork?。五、強調(diào)句型中的主謂一致。被強調(diào)的成分為原句的主語時，that/who之后的謂語動詞應(yīng)與被強調(diào)的名詞或代詞在Itisyouwho/thatareItisIwho/thatamansweringthe Howhappyhelooks!→HowhappyitisthatheWhatacleverboyheis!→Whatacleverboyitisthathe Itia?剩下的部分在語法和意義上仍然是一個完整如：ItwasyesterdaythatImethim.ItwastIdoreckonthathewilltherebeTherehasbeenanincreasingnumberofpeopletravelingNevershallIforgetthatpartyattendedwithNotonlyhadTomreadthebookbuthewroteabookreviewonOnlyinthisway,willhemakemoreprogress.Theyenjoysports,sodoYoudon’tlikeswiming,nordo表示因果：sinceas,therefore,so…thatthushencethen,consequently,accordinglyinshort,inbrief,insum,toconclude等。表示比較：bycontrast,likesimilarlynotso…asthanrather,comparedwith,incontrast,表示例舉：forexample,forinstance,first,firstly;next,last(ly),namely,tostartwith,inthefirst(second)ce,thatis,thatistosay等。表示并列：andorbut,besideslikewise表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but,yethowever,anyhow,nomatterneverthelessstillwhile表示讓步：anyhow,anyway,besides,else,however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,afterall,atanyrate,inanycase,inspiteof等。表示定義：tobedefinedas,toreferto,thedefinitionof…is…,tobeusedtodescribe,inarealsense,thisis,thismeans,beexined,itstatesthat,inotherwords,namely等表示分類：todivide…into,toclassify…into,group…into,tofallintoclasses,thereare…kinds(types,groups,classes,categories,sorts)of,accordingto,intermsof,dependingon,atthelevelof等。表示總結(jié)：generallyspeaking,generally,asageneralrule,ingeneral,onalargerscale,totaketheideafurther,totaketheaboveopiniontoanextreme,inasense,inonesense,inaway,tosomeextent,inmyopinion,inmyview,asforme,asfarasIamconcerned,undoubtedly,intermsof,inconclusion,inshort,inbrief,insummary,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,toconclude.表示強調(diào)：anyway,certainly,surely,obviously,tobesure,especially,particularly,aboveall,indeed,infact,evenworse,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall,noACLOZETEST(15minute,15Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerthefourchoicesgivenbelow.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Chaplin'searliestfiweremadeforMackSennett'sKeystoneStudios,wherehedevelopedhistramp1andveryquicklylearnedtheartandcraftoffilmmaking.ThepublicfirstsawthetrampwhenChaplin,aged24,2inhissecondfilmto3(7February1914),KidAutoRacesatVenice.However,hehad4thetrampcostumeforafilmproducedafewdaysearlierbutreleasedlater(9February1914),Mabel'sStrangePredicament.MackSennetthadrequestedthatChaplin"getinto5make-KidAutoRacesatVenice(1914)isChaplin'ssecondfilmandthe6ofhis"tramp"costume.Chaplin'searlykeystonesusethestandardMackSennettformulaofextremephysicalcomedyand7gestures.Moviegoerslovedthischeerfullyearthynewcomedian,eventhough8warnedthathisanticsborderedon9.Chaplinwassoon10withdirectingandeditinghisownfi.Hemade34shortsforSennettduringhisfirstyearinpictures,aswellasthelandmarkcomedyfeatureTillie'sPuncturedRomance.Asimmigrantgroupsarrivedin11toAmerica,silentmovieswereabletocrossallthe12oflanguage,andspoketoeveryleveloftheAmerican.Preciselybecausetheyweresilent,Chaplinwasemergingasthesupremeexponentofsilentmovies.Chaplin'sTrampenactedthedifficultiesand13oftheimmigrantunderdog,theconstantstruggleatthebottomoftheAmericanheapandyethetriumphedover14withouteverrisingtothetop,andtherebystayedintouchwithhisaudience.In1916,theMutualFilmCorporationpaidChaplinUS$670,000toproduceadozentwo-reelcomedies.ChaplinregardedtheMutualperiodasthehappiestofhiscareer,althoughhealsohad15thatthefiduringthattimewere formulaicowingtothestringentproductionschedulehiscontractrequired.1.A.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.BCLOZETEST(15minute,15gamesgetabadpress.Manyareunquestionably1，andashasbeenthewaywithnewmediafromnovelstocomicbookstoevision,theyhavebeenaccusedof2themoralfabricofyouth.Thereisabodyofresearchsuggestingthatviolentgamescanleadto3thoughts,ifnottoitself.Butnotallgamesareshoot-’em-ups,andwhatislessexaminediswhetherthosethatmoreconstructivebehavioralsohave5impacts.That,however,isstartingtochange.Twostudiesshowingthatgameshaveabrightsideaswellasadarkonehavebeencarriedoutrecently.Agroupof161Americanstudentsyedoneofsixgamesfor20minutes.Someweregiven“Ty2”or“CrashTwinsanity”,bothof6involvecartoonishfightingand7.Otherswere8“Chibi-Robo!”,whichinvolveshel9inthegamebyngtheirtasks,or“SuperMarioSunshine”,inwhichyerscleanuppollutionandgraffiti.Athirdgroup,actingasacontrol,yed“PurePinball”or“SuperMonkeyBallDeluxe”,bothofwhichinvolveguidingaballthroughmazes.Theirgamesover,the10wereaskedtochoose11of30easy,11orhardshape-basedpuzzlesforapartnerto12,andtoldthattheirpartnerwouldreceivea$10giftvoucherifhecouldcompletetenofthem.Thosewhohadbeenyingpro-socialgameswere13morelikelytohelptheirpartnerbyselectingeasypuzzles.Theoppositewastrueforthoseassignedviolentgames.Theothergroupof680Singaporeansaged12-14wereaskedtolisttheirthreefavoritegamesandstatethenumberofhourstheyyed.Theywerethengivenquestionnaires,theanswerstowhichsuggestedthatthosewhospentthelongestyinggameswhichinvolvedhelothersweremostlikelytohelp,share,co-operateandempathizewithothers.Theyalsohadlowerscoresintestsfor14thoughtsandtheacceptanceofas152.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.CCLOZETEST(15minute,15Lastmonth,another467,000positionsdisappeared.Inall,theeconomyisnowcomingupshortbysome8.8millionjobs:sincethe1beganattheendof2007,6.5millionjobshavebeenlostand2.3millionnewjobsthatwereneededtokeepupwithpopulationgrowthnever2.Mostofthe$787billioninstimulusspendingapprovedinFebruaryhasyettobespent.Overtime,itisexpectedto3orcreatethreemilliontofourmillionjobs.Butwithjoblossesalreadyfarexceedingfourmillion,thatisunlikelytobeenoughtocreateatrue4.Obamaandhisadvisersmuststartpreparingnowforwhatissuretobeatoughlegislativefightovermorestimulus.Inhisnearer5,theunemployedwillneedmorehelp.Thejoblessratetickedupto9.5percentinJune,from9.4percentinMay.Ofthe14.7millionjoblessworkers,4.4millionhavebeenoutofworkfor27weeks.Unemployment6waswiselyextendedinthestimulusbill,toa/an7of53weeks.Butbenefitswillbeginto8inSeptemberforroughly650,000joblessworkers.Congressshouldnotwaituntilthelastminutetoextendthosebenefits.9argument—thatextendedbenefitsencourage10—isespeciallyweakintoday’ssevererecession.11andlackof eareamuchgreaterthreattotheeconomythanthe“threat”thatsomeonemightloadoffofunemploymentTheObamaadministrationmustalsoaddressadeeper12.Howwilleconomybe13sothatgrowthisnotdependentonexcessiveborrowing,bytheernmentorbyhouseholds?Emergencystimulusandsafety-netbenefitsareamust.But14isavision—anda/an15—forcreatinggoodjobswithgood B. C. D.re2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.reinC.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.Dwithothers.Theories5ontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimes6ignoringthefact7childrenfromwealthyhomes8commitcrimes.The9maycommitcrimes10lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Manyofthenaturalareaswherewildanimalslivearebeingdestroyed.SozoosintheUnitedStatesandothercountries31topreventrareanimalsfromdisappearing.Theprogramiscalledcaptivebreeding.Ittakesceinzoosihathebestconditisforwildanimalsto32.Thegoaloftheprogramistoreturn33totheirhomesintheOneanimalsaved34captivebreedingisthegoldenliontamarin.Thisraremonkey’sonlynaturalhomeisthesontheAtlanticCoastofBrazil.In1970,onlytwopercentofthosesre