大作文的結(jié)構(gòu)及寫作方式1兩種類型?議論文argument?說明文report2議論文?議論文一般針對的是題目中的一個話題(somepeoplethink)，以及部分人對這個話題的想法(somepeoplethink,whileothersbelieve,有些人認為。。。當(dāng)另外一些人認為)，然后要求你是不是同意或者是發(fā)表你自己的看法（Ithinkthisiscorrect/true;Idisagreewiththis）。這類題目通常會在題目中引述一個觀點，然后要求你針對那個觀點，進行寫作。議論文比較基于主觀事實描述，一般來說，文章的主體是以為什么而展開，，作者需要通過解釋，論證從而達到一個比較合理的能夠具有說服力的一個層次。作者要展開自己的想法，并要通過論證，讓讀者認為你所寫的是正確的，合理的。3議論文?議論文通常有兩種問法：?1.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree??(你從多大程度上同意這個觀點)?題目中一部分人只會提出對于某個問題所產(chǎn)生的一個看法。作者所要進行論證就是你是否同意這么一個看法4?Protectingwildanimalsisawasteofresources.?Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion??Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.5結(jié)構(gòu)：四段或五段?引言部分：提出主題（描述當(dāng)前背景），改寫復(fù)述題目，表明自己的觀點，銜接下文。?正文第一段：原因1?正文第二段：原因2?正文第三段：原因3（可省略）?結(jié)尾：重申主題，建議措施，展望未來6引言部分：提出主題（描述當(dāng)前背景），改寫復(fù)述題目，表明自己的觀點，銜接下文。?Asisknowntoall,thebigcontradictionbetweenthelimitationoflandandtherapidlyincreasingdemandforitcausesanalarmingheadacheofhumanbeings.Toimprovethesituation,somepeoplesuggestweinstantlygiveupprotectingwildanimals,thereasonforwhich,accordingtothem,issimplythattheybelievetherewillbenospareplacesforthewildanimalsastheirhabitatsinthe21stcentury,andthusitisnothingbutawasteofresourcestocarryouttheprotection.AsfarasIamconcerned,theso-called“suggestion”isextremelyridiculousandhasnopointatall.7正文第一段：原因1?Justlikehumanbeings,wildanimalsaretheindispensiblepartoftheearth.Thecoexistenceofanimalsandhumanbeingscreatesharmonyandbringsaboutthevividnesstoourplanet.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatthedisappearanceofanimalswillresultinhugethreattothebalanceofecosystem.Ifonespeciesdieout,itisinevitablethatotherspeciesonthefoodchainwillbeputinverydangeroussituation,whichwilldefinitelycauseaseriesofterribleproblemsfortheearth.8正文第二段：原因2?Itishardtoimaginewhatourworldwouldbelikewithoutanimals.Sociologistsalsopointoutthatthedisappearanceofanimalscancausesocialandeconomicproblems.Animalstrade,asasupportingsectortotheworldeconomy,wouldbeoutofcontrolandalargenumberofanimalswouldbekilledformoreprofit.9結(jié)尾：重申主題，建議，展望?Certainly,ourdietcannotlivewithoutmeat.Therearelivingstocks,whichcanprovideuswithsufficientandnutritiousproduce.Therefore,weneednottoresorttowildanimals,especiallytheendangeredones.Toprotectanimalsistoprotectourlivingenvironment.Everyindividualshouldjoineffortstokeepthediversityofanimals.10練習(xí)：?Somepeoplebelievethatstudentswhowanttogotouniversityaftergraduationfromhighschoolshouldgainsomeworkexperienceorhaveatraveltoenlargetheirvision.?Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion??五段11Homework:?Thecomputeriswidelyusedineducation,andsomepeoplethinkteachersdonotplayimportantrolesintheclassroom.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?12practice?Today'schildrenarelivingundermorepressurefromsocietythanchildreninthepast.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththeopinion?13Writinganoutline?一邊倒?開頭—提出主題，表明觀點，引出下文?主體段1—原因1?主體段2—原因2?結(jié)尾—重申主題，建議措施14開頭?現(xiàn)在的孩子們生活條件比以前好了很多，但是也比過去的孩子承受了更多的壓力。我認為，現(xiàn)在的孩子們的童年與過去的孩子們比起來的確不那么多姿多彩無憂無慮。15?Nowadayschildrenaregrowingupinmorefavorableconditionsthaneverbefore.However,theyarealsofacedwithmuchgreaterpressurethanchildreninthepast.Asforme,theirchildhoodisindeedlesscolourfulandcarefreethanthatofthechildreninthepast.16主體段1?首先，學(xué)業(yè)負擔(dān)尤其沉重。（擴展主題句，延長因果鏈，假設(shè)論證，舉例論證）17?Firstly,theburdenwithacademiclearninghasbecomeextremelyheavy.Ithasbecomeatrendforkidstotakeextracoursesbeyondtheirnormalschoolcurriculum,forparentsbelievethatthiscanensuretheirchildrenachancetoabetteruniversity.Andonlyabetteruniversitycanensuretheirkidsagoodjobinthefuture.Thiswouldnodoubtbringhugepressuretotheirchildren,affectingtheirhealthbothphysicallyandmentally.18主體段2?另一方面，就業(yè)的壓力也越來越大。（舉例論證，因果鏈）19?Secondly,thepressureofemploymentisbecominggreaterandgreater.Statisticsshowthatin2007aboutonemillioncollegegraduatesfailedtofindjobs.Mostofthemheldbachelor'sandevenmaster'sdegrees.Thefactthatevenwell-educatedpeopleareconfrontedwithunemploymentproblemsurgeschildrentoobtainmoreskillsandbecomemoreversatilesoastostaycompetitiveonthejobmarket.20結(jié)尾段?重申觀點，導(dǎo)致后果，如何解決21?Fromtheabovediscussion,wecaneasilycometoaconclusionthatchildrendoliveundermorepressurethaneverbefore.Undersomuchworkandpressure,itisdifficultforthemtodevelopgoodpersonalitiesandinterpersonalcommunicationskills.Theymaybecomesolitaryandevensufferfromcertainmentalillnesses.Therefore,ourgovernmentandsocietyshouldcreateopportunitiesandreformoureducationalmechanismtoletourkidsenjoytheirsupposedhappychildhood.22?2.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion(討論雙方觀點然后給出你自己的看法)?與第一個題目不同的地方在于，這個題目相對來說，是針對了一個話題，兩組人，對于這個話題，產(chǎn)生的相反的不同的看法，題目要求的就是作者針對這兩種看法，表達你自己的觀點。23寫法一：?一邊倒的寫法。?和前面agreeordisagree寫法相同?第一段提出主題，兩種看法，你的看法，同意A或B?中間段落表明你的看法的原因?也可以在一個段落描述另一種看法的合理性?結(jié)尾總結(jié)，提出建議措施等。24?Now,airtravelhasbecomecheaperthaninthepast.Somepeoplesaythatisapositivedevelopment,whilesomepeopledisagreewiththis.Whatdoyouthink?Giveyourreasons.25outline?開頭：引出主題，表明觀點?主體段1--飛機旅行的好處1?主體段2–飛機旅行的好處2?結(jié)尾–論述相反觀點，重申自己立場，提出建議26?開頭：?如何引出主題？對比寫法?提出觀點27?Nowadays,peoplecanchoosetotravelbybus,train,ship,andairplane.Inthepast,travellingbyairwastooexpensivetobepopular,butthingsaredifferentnow:airtravelhasbecomemuchcheaper.Therefore,Iarguethatthisisdefinitelyapositivedevelopment.28主體段1?飛機旅行的好處之一：快速?舉例論證29?Firstly,airplanetravelsextremelyfast,thusitsavesusalotoftime.Weknowthatinthepast,travellingfromBritaintoAmericabyshipwouldtakeatleastamonth,butnowitonlyneedsfivetoeighthours.OnecanstartoutfromBritaininthemorningandjoinfriendsintheStatesfordinner.Thisisjusttheneedofmodernpeoplewhoalwayswanttosavetimetoachievemoreimportanttasks.30主體段2?飛機旅行的第二個好處：安全?對比論證31?Secondly,travellingbyairissaferthanbyanyothermeansoftransport.Therearecarcrasheshappeninghereandthereonhighways,takingawaythousandsofliveseveryday.Peoplemaythinkthattrainandshiparemuchsaferthanairplane,butstatisticsshowthattherateofanairplanecrashisfarlowerthanthesetwomeansoftransport.Ihavetravelledbyairdozensoftimesandamquiteconfidentaboutthesafetyofairtraveling.32?Sureenough,apartfromsomeworriesaboutthesafetyofairplane,peoplearealsoworriedthatduetocheaperpricesofairtickets,therewillbemoreandmorepeoplechoosingtotravelbyair,thusresultinginhugeconsumptionoffuelandsevereairpollution.Thisisindeedaproblemworthourdeepconsideration.However,Ifirmlybelievethatwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,newtypesoffuelwilldefinitelybefoundandthen,airtravelwillposenothreatatalltotheenvironment.33?Fromtheforegoingdiscussion,wecanseethatairtravelbecomingcheaperandcheaperisabsolutelynotabadthing.34寫法二?折中寫法?寫兩種觀點的合理性?開頭段照舊，可以省去自己觀點，最后一段再提。?中間段落兩種觀點的合理性?結(jié)尾總結(jié)，你的想法，建議措施展望35?Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown.Othersprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein??折中?開頭，引出主題?大城市優(yōu)點?小城市優(yōu)點?我的觀點36?Peopleseldomagreewitheachother,eveninsuchtrivialissuesaspreferencebetweenbigcitiesandsmalltowns.It'salittlebithastytosaythatitisbettertoliveinabigcitythantoliveinasmalltown,orviceversa.37?大城市優(yōu)點（列舉法，對比論證）就業(yè)教育生活水準(zhǔn)38?Livinginabigcityhasseveralbenefits.First,therearemorejobopportunitiesreadilyavailableinbigcitiesthanasmalltown.Thequalitiesofthepositionaremuchhigheraswellandthepayismoredecent.Second,childrenaresupposedtobeabletoreceiveaneducationwithahigherqualitycomparedwiththeircounterpartswholiveinasmalltown.Finally,livinginabigcityhasasuperioroveralllivingstandardtothatinasmalltown.Therearemorecommoditiesandservicesincitymarketsandthereareevenmuchmorecinemasinbigcities.39?小城市優(yōu)點居住在小城市的人們生活更加舒服。他們沒有大城市人們的沉重的生活壓力。盡管收入少一些，但是小城市的生活開銷也不像大城市那么多。在小城市，居民們之間融洽的關(guān)系會讓孩子們更健康的成長，他們也許不能去電影院放松休閑，但是可以和朋友在一起聊天玩耍。40?However,livinginasmalltownalsohassomeadvantages.Peoplewholiveinasmalltownoftenhaveamuchmorecomfortablelifestyle.Mostofthemareimmunefromthesufferingofhighworkstress.Althoughtheaveragepayismuchlessthanthatofbigcities,thepriceofdailynecessitiesisusuallymoreinexpensive.Insteadofsufferinglonelinesswhichisprevalentinbigcities,childrenmightgrowupmorehealthilybecauseofharmoniousrelationshipamongresidentsinsmalltowns.Theymighthavefewercinemastoentertainthemselves,buttheyhavemorefriendsavailabletochatorplaywith.41?Accordingtomycurrentsituation,althoughIamlongingforthecozyatmosphereandrelationshipamongneighborsandfriendswhichalmostonlyexistinsmalltowns,Ihavechosentoliveinoneofthebiggestcitiesinmycountry—Beijing,sinceIhavefoundaprettygoodjobhereanddecentpay.IthinkIwouldpreferli