EnglishforSpecificPurposes(ESP)

ZhaoyuYangJun.16,2023Introduction1ESPTeaching3Contents11ESPDevelopment2TheendoftheSecondWorldWarheraldedanageofenormousandunprecedentedexpansioninscientific,technical,andeconomicactivityonaglobalscale.Englishtooktheroleasthedemandedinternationallanguageoftechnologyandcommerce.Fromitsearlybeginningsinthe1960sESP(EnglishforSpecificPurposes)hasundergonesignificantdevelopmentintheWest,especiallyintheEnglish-speakingcountries.theBackgroundofESPResearchThethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolutioninthe20thcenturyinitiatedthetideoflearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageinmanyothernon-nativespeakingcountries(NNS).EnglishforSpecificPurposeswasacceptedasamemberinthefamilyoftheEnglishlanguageteachinginChina,andgrewrapidly.theBackgroundofESPResearchAwidelyacceptedopinionwasthattheESPwasstartedin1962,whenaresearcharticle,SomeMeasurableCharacteristicsofModernScientificProse(Barber)waspublished.theBackgroundofESPResearchESPisanapproachtolanguageteachinginwhichalldecisionsastocontentandmethodarebasedonthelearner’sreasonforlearning;itshouldbeseennotasanyparticularlanguageproductbutanapproachtolanguageteachingwhichisdirectedbyspecificandapparentreasonsforlearning.DefinitionsofESPHutchinson&Waters,1987:19HutchinsonandWaters(1987:19)laterdescribedESPinthefollowingway.“ESPisanapproachinlanguageteachinginwhichalldecisionsastocontentandmethodarebasedonthelearners’reasonforlearning”.DefinitionofESPESPwasdefinedas“Englishforcivilservants;forpolicemen;forofficialsofthelaw;fordoctorsandnurses;forspecialistsinagriculture;forengineersandfitters”intheLinguisticScienceandLanguageTeachingin1964.Halliday,McIntosh&Strevens,1964

HerevisedtheaboveabsolutecharacteristicsbyclaimingthatESPisdesignedtomeetspecifiedneedsoflearners;ESPmakesuseofunderlyingmethodologyandactivitiesofthedisciplineitserves;ESPmayuse,inspecificteachingsituations,adifferentmethodologyfromthatofgeneralEnglish.DudleyEvans,1998ESP,standingforEnglishforSpecificPurposes,isdividedintomanytypes:EST,EBEandESS,shortformsofEnglishforScienceandTechnology,EnglishforBusinessandEconomyandEnglishforSocialSciencesrespectively,etc.ESP強(qiáng)調(diào)從專業(yè)旳需求出發(fā)，探求一種英語與專業(yè)相結(jié)合旳方式，如法律英語，商務(wù)英語，旅游英語，科技英語等，不但涉及語言和語言學(xué)知識，教育知識，還涉及各行業(yè)旳專業(yè)知識。ESPinthewestRegisterAnalysis語域分析階段RhetoricalorDiscourseAnalysis修辭或語篇分析階段Skillsandstrategies技巧與策略分析階段Learning-centeredApproach以學(xué)習(xí)為中心階段ESPDevelopmentESPinChinaPreliminaryStage(1979-1993)

Accordingtothesearchingresultfrom,before1994,onlytwoarticlesinvolved“ESP”label.ESPDevelopmentGrowingStage(1994-2023)ESPtheoryinthisperiodgraduallybecamemoreandmorefamiliartoChina’sEnglishteachersandscholars.However,domesticarticlesonESPinthisperiodmainlyfocusedonthedefinitionandclassificationofESP,almostregardlessofitsrelationtogeneralandappliedlinguistics.ProsperousStage（2023tonow）Atpresentthereisabout19,000,000studentsinabout1030highereducationinstitutes”.(劉潤清，戴曼純，2023:12).ESPrepresentsthetendencyofELTdevelopmentinthe21century.(劉潤清，1996).ESPsignalstheorientationofChina’sCollegeEnglishTeachingReform.(蔡基剛，2023)AccordingtoHutchinson&Waters（1978）,EnglishteachingdivideintoEGPandESP.TheprimaryteachingtaskofEGPare:layalanguagefoundation,masterthebasicvocabularyandgrammarrulesforthepurposeofnormalcommunication.ESPTeachingESP教學(xué)是EGP教學(xué)旳延伸和擴(kuò)展，是學(xué)生旳語言知識和技能在普特英語發(fā)展到一定階段后繼續(xù)提升和強(qiáng)化旳必經(jīng)過程，是為滿足學(xué)生專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)旳需要進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語言工作能力旳一種主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容，這也是高等教育培養(yǎng)體系中外語教學(xué)旳最終目旳之一。ESPTeachingItisimperativethatthecollegeEnglishcourseshouldreduceEGP

contentandincreasetheESP

teachingcontent.Manyscholars(許國璋1986；劉潤清，1996；程雨民，2023；秦秀白，2023；陸劍明，2023)proposedthispointearly.ProfessorCaiJigang(2023)inFudanUniversityalsoagreewiththispoint.HepointedoutthefutureorientationofcollegeEnglishteachingshouldbetheESPteachingratherthanhumanisticEnglish.ESPTeachingESPhasbeenreceivingmoreattentionintheeducationalsector,althoughChineseESPpractitionersdidnotmakesalientcontributiontothesystematicdevelopmentofESPtheories.InChina,theESPteachingresearchhaschangesfromsimpletheoreticalresearchtocombinetheorywithpractice.ManyuniversitiesinChinahaveopenedheESPcoursesandachievedpreliminaryresultsaccordingly.ESPisbasedonneedsanalysis,tothecurriculumforthesoul,tostudent-centeredandlearning-centeredandtakedemandsofsocietyasitsorientation.ItcombinesEnglishandprofessionalknowledgetogetherinordertocomplementeachotherpromotingcommondevelopment.ConclusionESPteachingistheextensionandcontinuityofEGPteaching.Itisthestrategicadjustmentthatmeetstheneedfortalentofthenational