新牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修一Unit4Exploringpoetry

GrammarandusageExploringtherulesLead-inWhoisShelley?PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792-July22,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoets(抒情詩(shī)人)oftheEnglishlanguage.

Lead-inReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismDefinitionItwasa1.__________________fromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury,involving2.______________________andpoets.TheaimTo3.______________________ofthe18thcentury.Toputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,4._________________andareturntothepast.culturalmovementpainters,musicians,novelistsbreakwiththeidealstheloveofnatureReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismRepresentativesofEnglishpoets5.________________________________________ThecommonthemeinRomanticpoetryCelebratingthebeautyof6.______________________ThesignificanceThepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneof7._____________________________________WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeGeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelleynaturalandcountrylife.thegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...A Exploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...A Exploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.GothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetableComplementsAttributivesAdverbials...,peopleweremadetoworklonghours....aprocesscalledindustrializationA ExploringtherulesExploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,...Workingouttherules非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞綜述非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有一般體、進(jìn)行體、完成體和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但是可以作謂語(yǔ)之外的其他成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。形

式功

能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.Smokingisforbiddenhere.Collectingstampsishishobby.Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.TovisitAustraliaismynextgoal.Itisharmfulforyoutosmokesomuch.Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimonsuchacoldday.抽象泛指習(xí)慣愛(ài)好工作職業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)未來(lái)動(dòng)作具體動(dòng)作前者指習(xí)慣愛(ài)好，后者指一次性行為不定式通常表示具體的，一次性行為或者將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，表示帶有目的性的未完成的事情。；動(dòng)名詞通常表示一般的，抽象的泛指概念，表示習(xí)慣，愛(ài)好，職業(yè)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)等；不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)：動(dòng)作本身；動(dòng)名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)：事件本身一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后。1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)的特征及分析Iwanttohavearest.Wewouldliketoapologizeforthedelay.Everyonehopestowin.Theydeterminedtostartearly.這類動(dòng)詞（組）主要有：want,wouldlike,hope,wish,expect,long,desire,intend,mean,arrange,plan,decide,determine,prepare,attempt等表示“想要、希望、打算、意欲、安排、計(jì)劃、決定、準(zhǔn)備、企圖等；”ask,offer,beg等表示”要求，請(qǐng)求”等和promise,agree,refuse等表示“答應(yīng)；同意；拒絕”的詞。2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)的特征及分析1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“承認(rèn)、否認(rèn)、放棄、完成、結(jié)束”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。在邏輯上，動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。Sheadmitteddrivingthecarwithoutinsurance.Hegaveupteachingteachingthreeyearsago.Iwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime.以上例句說(shuō)明，動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)存在或發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞實(shí)際上表示對(duì)“已然事件”的處置。2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“允許、禁止、介意、反對(duì)、避免、阻止、延誤、推遲、錯(cuò)過(guò)、冒險(xiǎn)”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與后面動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：allow,permit,forbid,ban,prohibit,mind,oppose,avoid,eacape,prevent,delat,putoff,postpone,miss,risk等。Wedon’tallowmakingnoisehere,soyoushouldkeepquiet.Therulesoftheclubdonotpermitsmoking.Thegovernmentbannedhuntinginthemountains.Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.Hedelayedtellingherthenews,waitingfortherightmoment.Womenwhoputoffhavingababyoftenmakethebestmothers.3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“思考、想象、幻想、預(yù)期”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：consider,image,fancy,anticipate等。動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。比如：“考慮做某事”是“考慮”的對(duì)象，做不做某事是“考慮”的直接賓語(yǔ)，而不是目的。We’reconsideringbuyinganewcar.Sheimaginedwalkingintotheofficeandhandinginherresignation.Shewas84yearsoldandIaskedherifshefanciedlivinganother16years.4)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“承受、忍受、抵御、禁不住”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有bear,stand,resist,can’thelp等。動(dòng)名詞也是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。比如：“經(jīng)受住誘惑”是指“誘惑”是“經(jīng)受”的對(duì)象，“經(jīng)受”的直接賓語(yǔ)。Hecan’tbearbeinglaughtat.Hecouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.Ican’thelpfeelingsorryforthepoorman.綜上所述：

不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示“未然事件”，是將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示主觀意愿。

動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)或表示“已然事件”，在時(shí)間上早于動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作；或表示“未然事件”,與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)開(kāi)始并同時(shí)結(jié)束，動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。注意：有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式意義差別很大。forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.meantodosth.meandoingsth.trytodosth.trydoingsth.can’thelptodosth.can’thelpdoingsth.忘記去做某事忘記做過(guò)某事記住去做某事記得做過(guò)某事遺憾要去做某事后悔做了某事停下來(lái)去做另某一件事停止正在做的某事意欲/打算去做某事意味著做某事盡力去做某事嘗試做某事不能幫著去做某事禁不住某事goontodosth.goondoingsth.做完某事接著做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事情三、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作，尤其是將來(lái)的或者有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為，一般用不定式作表語(yǔ)。Myjobthiseveningistolookafterthebabyforher.AllIwantotdonowistodrinksomewater.2.表示習(xí)慣性行為、愛(ài)好、職業(yè)等，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而是說(shuō)明事件的名稱或內(nèi)容，一般用動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)。Myhobbyiscollectingancientcoins.Herpart-timejobisteachingyogainaschool.3.表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，令人在情緒上發(fā)生變化，譯為“令人怎樣”，通常用現(xiàn)在分詞

作表語(yǔ)；表示主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)的感受，譯為“感覺(jué)怎樣”，通常用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。分詞作表語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是形容詞作表語(yǔ)，這是的分詞叫做分詞形容詞。Theresultofthegamewasdisappointing.Thechildrenwereverydisturbing.Iwasdisappointedatthisdecision.Thechildwasfrightenedtoseethedog.四、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.不定式作定語(yǔ)往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放在被修飾詞后面。Haveyougotanything

todothisevening?Mynextaim

toachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.2.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示事物的用途或作用，放在被修飾詞前面?？梢杂胒ordoing替換，作后置定語(yǔ)。awritingdesk=adeskforwritingareadingroom=aroomforreadingahidingplace=aplaceforhiding寫字臺(tái)閱覽室藏身處3.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)的，通常表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的，通常表示已完成的動(dòng)作。thewaitingjournalistsadisappointingresultthepollutedwaterexcitedchildrenthejournalistswaitinginthehallthewaterpollutedbythefactory.等待的記者令人失望的結(jié)果被污染了的水興奮的孩子們?cè)诖髲d里等待的記者被工廠污染的水單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)，往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)置于被修飾詞的后面。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別區(qū)別兩者的重要標(biāo)志：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示“主謂關(guān)系”，動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示“用途關(guān)系”。drinkingwater=waterfordrinkingboilingwater=waterthatisboilingasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping飲用水正在沸騰的水一節(jié)臥鋪車廂一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的男孩動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示水的用途現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，至水發(fā)出的動(dòng)作動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示車廂的用途現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，指男孩發(fā)出的動(dòng)作4.tobedone,beingdone,done作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別tobedone表示“即將被做”beingdone表示“正在被做”done表示“已經(jīng)被做”Themeetingtobeheld

tomorrowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheld

yesterdayisofgreatimportance.五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別不定式說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，側(cè)重整個(gè)過(guò)程或結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)且已經(jīng)完成。IhaveseenMillagrowupfromchildhood,soIknowherquitewell.SomestudentslastsawReedplayingnearanInternetbar.Theywanttoseethismattersettledimmediately.六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1.不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別Iwokeupinthemorning(only)tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Theheavyrainlastedaweek,floodingtwo-thirdsoftheland.Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.出乎意料的結(jié)果順其自然的結(jié)果不定式多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，此時(shí)不定式前可加上only進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，還常見(jiàn)于too...to...,enoough...to...句式中；現(xiàn)在分詞表示一種順其自然的結(jié)果，即前句是分詞動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。2.done,beingdone,havingbeendone作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別三者都表示被動(dòng)。表示伴隨可用beingdone，但是一般被done代替。havingbeendone往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，或表示已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或表示原因。如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或原因，則直接用done.Brandonwasrunningalongthepath,(being)followedbyadog.布蘭登沿小路跑著，后面跟著一條狗。Ledbythelocalguide,theyhadnodifficultyreachingtheirdestination.在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下，他們毫不費(fèi)力地到達(dá)了目的地。Broughtupinhishometown,heknowslittleabouttheoutsideworld.在家鄉(xiāng)被扶養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)外面的世界了解的很少。Havingbeenwelltendedforhalfayear,mygrannybecamefarbetter.被精心照料了半年之后，我奶奶的情況好多了。Theto-infinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture;theverb-ingform,acontinuingaction;andtheverb-edform,apastaction.Generallyspeaking,theverb-ingformexpressesa(n)(1)________(active/passive)meaning,whiletheverv-edformexpressesa(n)(2)________(active/passive)meaning.activeWorkingouttherulespassiveTheto-infinitivecanbeusedasthe(3)________ofasentence.Theverb-ingformcanbeusedasthe(4)_______ofasentence.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasthe(5)________ofasentence.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerforeachblank.asubjectcobjecteattributivebpredicativedcompementfadverbialWorkingouttherulesa,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edforms.1.Romanticpoetsexperimentedwithnewpoeticforms.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinit.

Romanticpoetswereparticularly______________________________________________.interestedinexperimentingwithnewpoeticforms2.Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhentheydescribednaturalscenes.

Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhen________________________.3.Poemsthatfocusonnatureoftenstressthemomentofinspiration.Poems__________________oftenstressthemomentofinspiration.describingnaturalscenesfocusingonnature4.ManyRomanticpoemsarefilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemes,andcontainrichsensorydetails._______________________________________________,manyRomanticpoemscontainrichsensorydetails.5.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,findingconcernscommontoallofthemissometimesdifficult.SinceRomanticpoetswereallhighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,itissometimesdifficult______________________________________.FilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemestoallofthemtofindconcernscommonBornin1770,WilliamWordsworthwasoneofthe(1)

_________(lead)poetsoftheRomanticmovementinEngland.(2)

_________(grow)upinthebeautifulLakeDistrict,Wordsworthhadachildhoodthatwasperfectforadevelopingpoet.(3)

__________(educate)atCambridge,Wordsworthreceivedhisdegreein1791.Hespentalotoftime(4)

________(tour)inEurope.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringBelowisanarticleabouttheEnglishpoetWilliamWordsworth.Completethearticlewiththecorrectto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.TravellingobviouslyprovidedWordsworthwithplentyofideasforhispoems.In1795,hemetSamuelTaylorColeridgeandthetwotalentedyoungmenbecameclosefriends.(5)

________(meet)ColeridgehadahugeimpactonWordsworth.LyricalBallads,acollectionofpoems(6)

_______(write)togetherwithColeridge,wasWordsworth’sfirstgreatwork.Itwaspublishedin1798andmarkedthestartoftheRomanticerainpoetry.Wordsworthexplainedthattheywantedtowritepoetrythatordinarypeoplecoulduse(7)

___________(express)theirfeelings.MeetingwrittentoexpressManyofthepoemsinthecollectionwereaboutreturningtonature.LikeotherRomantics,Wordsworthpreferred(8)

______________(live)inthecountryratherthaninthecity.living/toliveWriteabouttheimportanceofreadingpoems.Thinkofatleastonereasonandgivesupportingdetails,usingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.Possibleanswer:

Readingpoems

helps(to)developdeepinsightintowhatthepoetwantstoexpress.Everypoemisuniquetoitspoetanditsmessagemightfirstneedtobediscovered

beforeitcanbeu