廣東省深圳實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2020-2021學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期第二階段考試試題（含解析）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必用黑色筆跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上相對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案,答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答,答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng),先劃掉原來(lái)的答案,然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔,考試結(jié)束后,答題卡交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙(卡)上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Whenwilltheconcertstart?A.At7:30.B.At7:00.C.At8:00.2.Whatlanguagedoesthewomanwanttolearn?A.French.B.Japanese.C.English.3.Wheredidthemangrowup?A.InEngland.B.InGermany.C.InCanada.4.HowdoesJohnlook?A.Satisfied.B.Worried.C.Excited.5.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.ReadnewspapersB.Gotothecinema.C.WatchTV.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Helpingoldpeople.B.Doingvolunteerwork.C.Cleaninguptheparks.7.Howmuchtimedoesthewomanspendonit?A.Fivehoursaweek.B.Twodaysaweek.C.Fivedaysamonth.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheaccidenthappened?A.Drivingtowork.B.Drivingtoashop.C.Drivinghome.9.Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?A.Thedriverofthebluecar.B.ThedriverofthewhiteFord.C.Mr.Atkins.10.Whatdoesthewomandomostprobably?A.Alawyer.B.Adriver.C.Ateacher.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whathappenedtothemanlastnight?A.Hestayedupworking.B.Hecomplainedtohisneighbors.C.Hedidn’tsleepwell.12.Whatweretheneighborsdoing?A.Havingaparty.B.Singinganddancing.C.WatchingTV.13Whatwillthespeakersdointheafternoon?A.Takeashortsleep.B.Haveameeting.C.Beawayonbusiness.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whendidthemanbuildthefirstcomputer?A.Whenhewasinseniorhighschool.B.Whenhewasinjuniorhighschool.C.Whenhewasattheuniversity.15.Wheredoesthemanwork?A.Inacompany.B.Inastore.C.Inaschool.16.Whatistheman’sattitudetotechnology?A.Positive.B.Critical.C.Negative.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howlongwasthebabyelephanttrappedinthewell?A.For9hours.B.For11hours.C.For8hours.18.Whatdidthevillagersdowhentheyfirstarrivedatthespot?A.Removedsomeofthesoil.B.Stoodwatching.C.Gavesomebananastothemotherelephant.19.Whogotthebabyelephantoutofthewell?A.Thevillagers.B.Thebabyelephantitself.C.Themotherelephant.20.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A.Whatpeopleshoulddotoprotectanimals.B.Whypeopleshouldprotectelephants.C.Howthevillagershelpedsaveababyelephant.第二部分單項(xiàng)填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分10分)閱讀下面各題,從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.IbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshere,andthere’salotto________atseniorhigh.A.lecture B.impress C.explore D.revise【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信我會(huì)在這里結(jié)交新朋友，高中還有很多值得探索的地方。A.lecture演講；B.impress使……印象深刻；C.explore探索；D.revise修訂。結(jié)合上文“IbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshere,andthere’salotto”可知此處指高中還有很多值得探索的地方，應(yīng)用explore。故選C。2.Myadvisor________thatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI’mgoodatit.A.recommended B.confused C.attracted D.survived【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的導(dǎo)師建議我應(yīng)該報(bào)名學(xué)高級(jí)文學(xué)，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g英語(yǔ)，而且我擅長(zhǎng)它。A.recommended推薦，建議；B.confused困惑；C.attracted吸引；D.survived幸存。結(jié)合后文“thatIshouldsignupforadvancedliterature”可知導(dǎo)師建議報(bào)名高級(jí)文學(xué)，應(yīng)用recommend，且recommend表示“建議”時(shí)，所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)+原形動(dòng)詞，should可省略。故選A。3.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemust________andshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.A.shock B.breathe C.rescue D.unify【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：唐山市已經(jīng)向中國(guó)和世界證明，在災(zāi)難的時(shí)刻，人們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，展現(xiàn)出智慧，保持積極，重建一個(gè)更美好的未來(lái)。A.shock使震驚；B.breathe呼吸；C.rescue營(yíng)救；D.unify團(tuán)結(jié)。結(jié)合上文“intimesofdisaster”以及“andshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture”可知指在災(zāi)難的時(shí)刻，人們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，展現(xiàn)出智慧，保持積極，重建一個(gè)更美好的未來(lái)，應(yīng)用unify。故選D。4.Fromthere,youwillspendonedaytravellingbyboattoyour________inthemiddleoftheforest.A.accommodation B.civilization C.recognition D.transportation【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從那里，你將花一天的時(shí)間乘船到你在森林深處的住處。A.accommodation住處；B.civilization文明；C.recognition識(shí)別；D.transportation運(yùn)輸。結(jié)合前后文語(yǔ)境“youwillspendonedaytravellingbyboattoyour________inthemiddleoftheforest”可知指花一天的時(shí)間乘船到你在森林深處的住處，應(yīng)用accommodation。故選A。5.Asaplayer,LangPingbroughthonorand________tohercountry.A.captain B.master C.glory D.error【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：作為一名運(yùn)動(dòng)員，郎平給她的國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了榮譽(yù)和榮耀。A.captain隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，首領(lǐng)；B.master大師，主人；C.glory榮譽(yù)；D.error錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)honorand可知此處表示“榮譽(yù)”，做brought的賓語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)。6.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadthe________workswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.A.careful B.classic C.electric D.grateful【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代人可以閱讀古代中國(guó)人寫(xiě)的經(jīng)典著作。A.careful仔細(xì)的；B.classic經(jīng)典的，古典的；C.electric帶電的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)后文“whichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes”可知指古代中國(guó)人寫(xiě)的經(jīng)典著作，應(yīng)用形容詞classic。故選B。7.AsChinaplaysagreaterrolein________affairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistory.A.native B.appreciative C.global D.professional【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)際學(xué)生開(kāi)始欣賞中國(guó)的文化和歷史。A.native本國(guó)的，天然的；B.appreciative感激的，有欣賞力的；C.global全球的；D.professional專(zhuān)業(yè)的，職業(yè)的。根據(jù)anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistory可知中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色。故選C項(xiàng)。8.Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilization________hascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes.A.why B.where C.when D.which【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意：中國(guó)以其古老的文明而聞名于世，它一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)代。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是civilization，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞which。故選D項(xiàng)。9.Herearesomeofthepeople________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.A.when B.whose C.whom D.that【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意：這里有一些房屋被臺(tái)風(fēng)摧毀的人。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是people，且先行詞與從句中的homes是所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該從句，故選B項(xiàng)。10.Thesecretmeetingwasheldinthehouse________heusedtolive.A.where B.that C.when D.which【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：秘密會(huì)議在他過(guò)去住過(guò)的房子里舉行。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞house，且先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故選A。第三部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分65分)第一節(jié)(共21小題；每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIstherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow℃couldsavethemfromsinking.℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.11.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming12.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.13.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe_______.℃℃C.2℃℃【答案】11.D12.D13.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了人們一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放，并設(shè)立了到2100年我們應(yīng)該達(dá)成的目標(biāo)及達(dá)成目標(biāo)需要符合的條件，但現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是達(dá)不到。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.”可知，從那時(shí)起，許多科學(xué)家就認(rèn)為我們的行為確實(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。1997年，《京都議定書(shū)》解釋了我們?cè)诘厍虼髿庾兓械淖饔?，并?008年至2012年的氣體排放設(shè)定了國(guó)際限制。一些國(guó)家已決定將這些削減持續(xù)到2020年。最近，受到近200個(gè)國(guó)家阻撓的《巴黎協(xié)定》也旨在限制全球變暖。所以從20世紀(jì)早期開(kāi)始人類(lèi)就一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放，希望能減緩全球變暖的趨勢(shì)，故選D?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions“可知，如果各國(guó)的氣體排放能符合巴黎協(xié)會(huì)的要求，到2100年氣溫會(huì)比現(xiàn)在高三度。而根據(jù)第三段Tomeetthisminimumgoal可知，最小目標(biāo)是上升兩度，也就是說(shuō)即使各國(guó)氣體排放能夠符合要求也達(dá)不到最小目標(biāo)，故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段1.5℃中“ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.“可知，這是《巴黎協(xié)定》設(shè)定的最具雄心的升溫目標(biāo)，此前基里巴斯等地勢(shì)低洼的島國(guó)曾表示，將氣溫上升限制在1.5攝氏度，可以使它們免于下沉。所以對(duì)于那些低海拔的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)溫度上升不超過(guò)1.5度，就可以避免被淹沒(méi)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】在做閱讀理解題過(guò)程中，應(yīng)首先略讀一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把題干看明白知道里面的關(guān)鍵詞，把幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表達(dá)有交叉的選項(xiàng)之間的區(qū)別。然后再細(xì)讀短文，找到根據(jù)，把答案填入合適位置。答題時(shí)可以把含義相近的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)輪流填入同一處位置，反復(fù)閱讀，反復(fù)體會(huì)，找出最佳選項(xiàng)。不同的題型采用不同的做題方法和技巧，完成短文后，再認(rèn)真通讀一遍全文，看看上下語(yǔ)意是否通順，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。另外，做題時(shí)要注意文章的首段和每一段的首句或尾句，它們往往就是文章的主題句。閱讀中要注意要點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系，弄清全文的結(jié)構(gòu)也能幫助我們理解文章，做出正確答案。BIt’snotoftenan

athlete

receives

apersonalbestandthenleavesthe

track

withasenseofdisappointment.ButafterKarstenWarholmranthesecond-fastest400m

hurdles(跨欄)inhistoryearlierthisyear,themancouldn’thelpbut

think

whatcouldhavebeen.The24-year-olddraggedhis

trailing(落后)

legonthefinalhurdlein

Stockholm

inAugusttofinishinaworld-leading46.87seconds—0.09seconds

shyof

KevinYoung’sworldrecord,a

mark

hehas

moved

evercloserto

throughout

his

career.Young’sworldrecord,setatthe

Barcelona

Olympics,hasstoodfor28years,thelongest-standingrecordinmen’strackrunning.“Beingreallyhappyandreallydisappointedatthesametime—it’sastrange

feeling,”Warholmsaysashe

reflects

onhisseason.“Iwasreally,reallyhappyofcoursewiththeraceinitself.But

stumbling(絆倒)

intothelasthurdleandjustlookingatthetime,knowingthatmostlikelyIspoiledmychance

ofaworldrecordrightthere.IthinkI’veneverfeltthatwaybefore.”Youngrecentlysaidhefeels

it’s“abouttime”

hisrecordisbroken,anda

glance

attheall-timelist

suggests

hemightnothavetowaitmuchlonger.Warholmhasrunfourofthe10fastesttimesintheevent’shistory,whilehistwoclosest

competitors,RaiBenjaminandAbderrahmaneSamba,

makeup

theonlyotherathletestoeverrununder47seconds.Betweenthosethree,theracefortheworldrecordisverymuchon.“Thisisgoingtobereally,really

tough

competition,”saysWarholm,whotooktheworld

title

lastyear.“Ithinkin400mhurdlesweareinforareal

treat

becauseeverybodywantsthisrightnow.Ithinkit’sgoingtobelikethemoonracebetweentheUnitedStatesandRussia–it’sgoingtobecrazy.”Itwilltakemore

big

leapsthansmallstepsto

win

inhurdles’

version

oftheSpaceRace,butaswithany

contest—athletic

orcosmic(宇宙的)—itis

competition

thathelps

boostprogress.“It’sreallyimportanttohavecompetition,somebodypushingyouandsomebodykeepingyou

onyourtoes,Ireallylikethat,”Warholmadds.“I’mthankfulformycompetitors–eventhoughIwanttobeatthem,ofcourse.”14.Whatcanbeinferredformparagraph2?A.WarholmfelttooshytomeetKevinYoung.B.Kevinsetaworldrecordof46.87secondsinhurdling.C.Warholmfailedtheracetotallybecauseofhisinjuredleg.D.Warholm’sracefell0.09secondsshortofKevin’srecord.15.Why,aftertherace,didWarholmfeelhappyanddisappointedatthesametime?A.Havingmixedfeelingsisusualforathletes.B.Beingsecondintheracemadehimcheerful.C.Theracemadehimhappybutnotsettingtherecorddiscouragedhim.D.Theracestrengthenedhisdeterminationtooutperformhimselfandothers.16.Why“RaiBenjamin”and“Abderrahmane”Sambawerementionedinparagraph4?A.Toshowthecompetitionwasverytough.B.Toshowtheirgreatachievement.C.Toshowpeople’sadmirationtothem.D.Toshownobodycoulddobetterthanthem.17.InWarholm’sopinion,__________.A.competitionandprogresscannotcoexist.B.thecompetitionmadeathletesdomadthingsC.athletesneedtosacrificeeverythingtowintheraceD.thehurdleraceisascompetitiveasthemoonrace【答案】14.D15.C16.A17.D【解析】本文是新聞報(bào)道，短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員沃霍姆在比賽中拿到了自己的最好成績(jī)，但是卻沒(méi)有打破記錄，為此既高興又失望，沃霍姆表示會(huì)繼續(xù)努力?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The24-year-olddraggedhis

trailing(落后)

legonthefinalhurdlein

Stockholm

inAugusttofinishinaworld-leading46.87seconds—0.09seconds

shyof

KevinYoung’sworldrecord,”這位24歲的男子在今年8月斯德哥爾摩奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的最后一道欄架比賽中拖著后腿，以秒的成績(jī)領(lǐng)先世界，比凱文·楊的世界紀(jì)錄少秒?？芍只裟返谋荣惐葎P文的記錄少了秒。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Iwasreally,reallyhappyofcoursewiththeraceinitself.But

stumbling(絆倒)

intothelasthurdleandjustlookingatthetime,knowingthatmostlikelyIspoiledmychance

ofaworldrecordrightthere.”當(dāng)然，我對(duì)比賽本身感到非常非常高興。但當(dāng)我絆倒在最后一個(gè)欄架上，看著時(shí)間，知道很可能我就在那里毀掉了我創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄的機(jī)會(huì)。由此可知，沃霍姆為比賽而高興，但是因?yàn)闆](méi)有打破世界紀(jì)錄而失望，故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Warholmhasrunfourofthe10fastesttimesintheevent’shistory,whilehistwoclosest

competitors,RaiBenjaminandAbderrahmaneSamba,

makeup

theonlyotherathletestoeverrununder47seconds.”沃霍爾姆在該項(xiàng)目的歷史上跑出了10個(gè)最快成績(jī)中的4個(gè)，而他的兩個(gè)最接近他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，RaiBenjamin和AbderrahmaneSamba，是僅有的另外兩個(gè)跑出47秒的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞only，可知短時(shí)間內(nèi)跑完比賽的人很少，可以推斷出這場(chǎng)比賽非常艱難，故選A項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ithinkin400mhurdlesweareinforareal

treat

becauseeverybodywantsthisrightnow.Ithinkit’sgoingtobelikethemoonracebetweentheUnitedStatesandRussia–it’sgoingtobecrazy.”我認(rèn)為在400米跨欄比賽中，我們真的很享受，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都想要這個(gè)。我認(rèn)為這將會(huì)像美國(guó)和俄羅斯之間的月球競(jìng)賽一樣—這將會(huì)是瘋狂的?？芍?，沃霍姆認(rèn)為跨欄比賽和月球競(jìng)賽一樣有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，故選D項(xiàng)。CAlaskastateofficialsarehostingWalmartexecutivesinthestatecapitalthisweekinanefforttoresolveamonths-oldargumentoverAlaskansalmonfisheries’sustainabilityqualifications.TheseedsofthequarrelwereplantedseveralyearsagowhenseveralAlaskanfisheriesdecidedtoendtheirrelationshipwiththeMarineStewardshipCouncil—thefamousglobalorganizationthatstatesandprovesthetruthfulnessofsustainablefishing—toseekoutothermeansassuringcustomersoftheirsustainablepractices.ButlastJune,WalmarttoldAlaskanfisheriesthatitwouldnotbebuyingsalmonsourcedfromfisheriesnotcertifiedbytheMarineStewardshipCouncil.NowWalmartiscaughtbetweentwoforces–Alaskafisheriesand“buyAmerican”enthusiastswhothinkthecompany’sfirstresponsibilityshouldbetoAmericanindustry,andenvironmentalistswhothinkWalmartshouldmakeasstrongacommitmenttoenvironmentallysustainableindustryaspossible.Butfromabroaderperspective,thislatestnoiseisanobjectlessoninwhytheconceptofcorporate(公司的)responsibilityhasshortcomingstobeginwith.Walmart—likemostsuccessfulcorporations—isprettygoodatofferingproductstheircustomerswantatlowprices.Whenittriestopromotebroaderpublicgoods,likeacleanenvironment,orlowerunemploymentforveterans,it’snowherenearassuccessful.Here’safewofWalmart’smorenotablecorporate-responsibilityconfusion:TheBuy-AmericanDebacle:Walmart’sfirstmajorcorporateresponsibilitypushwasaneffortinthe1980stopromoteAmerican-madeproducts.Butthecampaignranaground(擱淺)afteraNBCinvestigationrevealedthatthecompanywasactuallysellingproductsmanufacturedinIndiaas“MadeAmerican.”TheGoingGreenCampaign:Walmartlaunchedonasustainabilitycampaignaimedatmakingtheretailgiantsoperationsmuchmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.ThoughWalmartandthemediahavedonemuchtoraisevisibilityoftheseefforts,theactualresultshavebeenlacking.AccordingtoarecentreportfromtheInstituteforLocalSelfReliance(ILSR),Walmart’ssustainabilitycampaignismuchmorefocusedonmakingitsoperationsappeargreentocustomersthanstoppingdoingthingsthatwouldactuallyhelptheenvironment,likereducingemissions.Inreality,theseexamplessimplyshowthatonecan’trealisticallyexpectcorporationstobehaveinawaythatisoppositetomakingprofits.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthatthegoaloffishingsustainabilityisn’tachievable.It’sjustthatthecorporatestructureisn’tourbestmeansofachievingthem—thegovernmentis.18.WhatisthefunctionoftheMarineStewardshipCouncil?A.Toadvocatesustainablefishingpractices.B.Topersuadesupermarketstobuyitsproducts.C.Tosolvedisagreementsbetweenfisheriesandsupermarkets.D.Toguaranteethesafetyofgoodssuppliedbysupermarkets.19.Accordingtotheauthor,Walmart’scorporateresponsibilityis________.A.confusing B.heavyC.environmental-friendly D.unsatisfying20.FromParagraph5,weknow________.A.Walmart’ssustainabilitycampaignworkedwellB.WalmartmighthaveprofitedatthecostoftheenvironmentC.ILSR’sreportwaspartofWalmart’scampaignplanD.Walmarthadnointentiontoprotecttheenvironmentatall21.Whoshouldbemainlyresponsibleforachievingthegoalsoffishingsustainability?A.Thecompanystructure B.WalmartC.Thegovernment D.TheMarineStewardshipCouncil【答案】18.A19.D20.B21.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。阿拉斯加州官員本周將在該州首府接待沃爾瑪(Walmart)高管，以解決圍繞阿拉斯加三文魚(yú)漁場(chǎng)可持續(xù)性資質(zhì)的一場(chǎng)持續(xù)數(shù)月的爭(zhēng)論。政府應(yīng)該主要負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)現(xiàn)漁業(yè)可持續(xù)性的目標(biāo)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中thefamousglobalorganizationthatstatesandprovesthetruthfulnessofsustainablefishing—toseekoutothermeansassuringcustomersoftheirsustainablepractices.“這個(gè)著名的全球組織宣稱(chēng)并證明了可持續(xù)捕撈的真實(shí)性，以尋求其他方法來(lái)保證客戶(hù)的可持續(xù)捕撈?！笨芍?，theMarineStewardshipCouncil是為了提倡可持續(xù)的捕魚(yú)方法。故選A。【19題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Here’safewofWalmart’smorenotablecorporate-responsibilityconfusion:“以下是Walmart公司比較明顯的企業(yè)責(zé)任混亂”。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，Walmart的企業(yè)責(zé)任并不令人滿(mǎn)意。故選D。【20題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中Walmart’sfirstmajorcorporateresponsibilitypushwasaneffortinthe1980stopromoteAmerican-madeproducts.Butthecampaignranaground(擱淺)afteraNBCinvestigationrevealedthatthecompanywasactuallysellingproductsmanufacturedinIndiaas“MadeAmerican.”由此可知，從第5段，我們知道Walmart可能以犧牲環(huán)境代價(jià)來(lái)獲利。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Butthatdoesn’tmeanthatthegoaloffishingsustainabilityisn’tachievable.It’sjustthatthecorporatestructureisn’tourbestmeansofachievingthem—thegovernmentis.“但這并不意味著漁業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)是不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。只是公司結(jié)構(gòu)不是我們實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的最佳方式，而政府才是?！笨芍畱?yīng)該主要負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)現(xiàn)漁業(yè)可持續(xù)性的目標(biāo)。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】做推理判斷題時(shí)，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。本題第2小題，根據(jù)第四段最后一句Here’safewofWalmart’smorenotablecorporate-responsibilityconfusion:“以下是Walmart公司比較明顯的企業(yè)責(zé)任混亂”。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，Walmart的企業(yè)責(zé)任并不令人滿(mǎn)意。故選D。DSHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,alotofpeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologizedfortheaccident,butthefamiliesofthedeceasedsaiditwasnotenough.Nevertheless,thecompanystillclaimedthatmostpeoplewouldbetravellingindriverlesscarsonedaysoon.Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.ProbablythemostwellknownaretheAmish,agroupofChristianslivinginruralAmerica.Theydonotownordrivecars,watchTV,orusetheInternet.Theyhavelivedmainlyasfarmerssincethe18thcentury,andtheywillprobablybelivingthesamewayinthedistantfuture.Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.Theythinkthatisbetterthancaringaboutluxuriesorfollowingthelivesoftherichandfamous.ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge,pollutedcities.Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.Forexample,thelatestweather-trackingcomputerprogramsgivepeoplelotsofwarningsaboutpotentialnaturaldisasters,whichsavesmanylives.Moreover,theInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintoucheasilyeveniftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier,asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.Personally,Ihavebenefitedquitealotfromtechnologicaladvances.IfoundmycareerasanAIdesignerthroughasocialmedianetwork.Myhealthmonitor,whichIwearallthetime,hasalsohelpedmegetintothebestshapeofmylife.Ofcourse,whennewtechnologychangesthewaywelive,itcanbeascaryprospect.Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthepositivesideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Apersondiedinanaccidentwhiledrivinghisbrand-newcar.B.Therelativesofthevictimwouldneveraccepttheapology.C.Manypeopletookanegativeattitudetothisnewtechnology.D.Thecompanywasveryconcernedaboutthefutureofthisnewtechnology.23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtheAmishinthesecondparagraph?A.Topersuadeustofollowtheirnaturallivingstyle.B.TotellustheAmishpreferaharmoniousandpeacefullife.C.Toprovepeoplecanstilllivebetterwithoutnewtechnology.D.Toadvocateasimplelifewithfamilyandcommunitybyhardwork.24.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingbenefitsisnottalkedabout?A.Monitoringpeople’sphysicalhealth.B.Providingchancesinlifemoreeasily.C.Predictingtheearthquakeandtsunami.D.Helpingpeoplecontacteachothereasily.25.Theunderlinedword“prospect”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans__________.A.resistance B.future C.advance D.positivity26.Whydidtheauthordecidetowriteaboutthepassage?A.Theauthorwantedtopraisetheadvantagesofnewtechnology.B.Theauthorwantedtoshowhissupportiveideaofnewtechnology.C.Theauthorwantedtocriticizethedisadvantagesofnewtechnology.D.Theauthorwantedtoarousepeople’sconcernaboutnewtechnology.【答案】22.C23.C24.A25.B26.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。我們應(yīng)該抵制新技術(shù)嗎?作者通過(guò)無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)發(fā)生車(chē)禍引起很多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)持否定態(tài)度引出話(huà)題。一方面，有的人確實(shí)可以在沒(méi)有新技術(shù)的情況下仍然生活得更好；另一方面新技術(shù)也給各地的人們帶來(lái)了很多好處。作者自己對(duì)新技術(shù)持支持的態(tài)度?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inthearticle,alotofpeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.（在這篇文章中，很多人都說(shuō)公眾應(yīng)該反對(duì)發(fā)展無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)的想法。他們說(shuō)，一些技術(shù)進(jìn)步是不必要的，甚至可能是危險(xiǎn)的。因此，我們應(yīng)該停止接受新技術(shù)，僅僅因?yàn)樗切碌?。）”可知，許多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)持否定態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.（一方面，世界上有許多不同群體的人在沒(méi)有新技術(shù)的情況下生活得很快樂(lè)。）”以及“ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge,pollutedcities.（甚至可以說(shuō)，阿米什人的生活質(zhì)量更好，因?yàn)樗麄兩钤谧匀画h(huán)境中，欣賞自然環(huán)境，而不是生活在污染嚴(yán)重的大城市。）”可知，提到阿米什人的目的是想證明人們?cè)跊](méi)有新技術(shù)的情況下仍然可以生活得更好。故選C項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Forexample,thelatestweather-trackingcomputerprogramsgivepeoplelotsofwarningsaboutpotentialnaturaldisasters,whichsavesmanylives.Moreover,theInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintoucheasilyeveniftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier,asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.（例如，最新的天氣跟蹤計(jì)算機(jī)程序?yàn)槿藗兲峁┝嗽S多關(guān)于潛在自然災(zāi)害的警告，這挽救了許多人的生命。此外，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使朋友和家人即使在世界的另一端也能很容易地保持聯(lián)系。它還使人們?cè)谏钪懈菀渍业綑C(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)樗试S人們通過(guò)使用社交媒體結(jié)交更大的朋友圈。）”可知，選項(xiàng)A“監(jiān)測(cè)人們的身體健康?！睕](méi)提到。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ofcourse,whennewtechnologychangesthewaywelive,itcanbeascaryprospect.Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthepositivesideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.（當(dāng)然，當(dāng)新技術(shù)改變我們的生活方式時(shí)，這可能是一個(gè)可怕的________。然而，我總是看到變化積極的一面，接受它，而不是抗拒它。）”由講述未來(lái)新技術(shù)會(huì)改變我們的生活方式，可知這可能是一個(gè)可怕的未來(lái)，可猜測(cè)劃線(xiàn)單詞prospect意為“前景，未來(lái)”。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.（另一方面，多年來(lái)新技術(shù)給各地的人們帶來(lái)了很多好處。）”第四段中“Personally,Ihavebenefitedquitealotfromtechnologicaladvances.（就我個(gè)人而言，我從科技進(jìn)步中獲益良多。）”和“Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthepositivesideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.（然而，我總是看到變化積極的一面，接受它，而不是抗拒它。）”可知，作者決定寫(xiě)這篇文章是想表達(dá)他對(duì)新技術(shù)持支持的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。ECNapoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands.’’Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse.’’Heissaidtobe“undersized.’’with“shortlegs’’anda“roundstomach”.TheissuehereisnottheaccuracyofTolstoy’sdescription--itseemsnotthatfarofffromhistoricalaccountsbuthischoiceoffacts：otherthingsthatcouldbesaidofthemanarenotsaid.WearemeanttounderstandthedifferenceofawarringcommanderinthebodyofafatlittleFrenchman.Tolstoy’sNapoleoncouldbeanymanwanderinginthestreetsandputtingalittleofpowderedtobaccouphisnose—andthatisthepoint.Itisawaythenovelistusestoshowthemoralnatureofacharacter.Anditturnsoutthat,asTolstoyhasit,Napoleonisacrazyman.InasceneinBookThreeofWarandPeace,thewarshavingreachedthecriticalyearof1812,NapoleonreceivesarepresentativefromtheTsar(沙皇),whohascomewithpeaceterms.Napoleonisveryangry：d