RevisionofGrammar2020/10/181Grammar1:SimplePresentTenseIII2020/10/182*一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否定和疑問形式．否定和疑問形式都要借助do/does.Ilikemypicture.---Idon’tlikemypicture.---Doyoulikeyourpicture?---Whatdoyoulike?2020/10/183Shelikespurple.---Shedoesn’tlikepurple.---Doesshelikepurple?---Whatdoesshelike?2020/10/184Grammar2:ThePresentPerfectTense.2020/10/1851.構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,即:have/hasdone,現(xiàn)在以動(dòng)詞work為例子將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定形式,否定形式和疑問形式及簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)講解一下.2020/10/186*肯定形式:I/Youhaveworked.He/She/Ithasworked.We/You/Theyhaveworked.2020/10/187*否定形式:I/Youhavenotworked.He/She/Ithasnotworked.We/You/Theyhavenotworked.2020/10/188*疑問形式及簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ):HaveI/youworked?Yes,you/Ihave.No,you/Ihavenot.Hashe/she/itworked?Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasnot.Havewe/you/theyworked?Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhavenot.2020/10/1892.基本用法:A:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果.Ihavejustwashedmyclothes.*洗衣服是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服洗干凈了”.2020/10/1810B:表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.WehavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.2020/10/18113.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和already,yet,sometime,always,never,ever,before,just等詞連用,也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的thismorning,today,thisweek,thisyear等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.Ihavewritten3Englishe-mailstoday.今天我已經(jīng)寫了三封英文電子郵件了.Ihavepaintedsixnewpicturesthisweek.這周我已經(jīng)畫了六幅新畫.Ihaveseenyoubefore.我以前見過你.2020/10/18124.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:yesterday,lastyear,twodaysago,justnow,in2000等.而一般過去時(shí)態(tài)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系,要和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.試比較:2020/10/1813Ihavereadthebook.我已經(jīng)讀過這本書.Ireadthebooklastyear.我去年讀了這本書(只說明去年讀了這本書,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況.)Hehasworkedheresince1998.1998年以來他一直在這里工作.(他現(xiàn)在還在這里工作)Heworkedherein1998.1998年他在這里工作.(不涉及現(xiàn)在他是否在這里工作)2020/10/1814Shehasbeenateacherfortwentyyears.她當(dāng)老師20年了.(她現(xiàn)在還是老師)Shewasateacherfortwentyyears.她當(dāng)了20年老師.(不涉及現(xiàn)在是不是老師)2020/10/18155.動(dòng)詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成:*規(guī)則變化:和過去式變化規(guī)則相同A:動(dòng)詞原形+ed:played,wanted,workedB:以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞加d:loved,liked,usedC:以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,先變y加為i,再加ed:study—studied,try—tried,worry--worriedD:末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed:stopped,planned,dropped,2020/10/1816*不規(guī)則變化：需掌握規(guī)律,逐一熟記.

Ａ:詞形不變:cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,let-let-let

B:過去式和過去分詞相同:dig-dug-dug,feel-felt-felt

C:過去式加n/en構(gòu)成過去分詞:speak-spoke-spoken,break-broke-brokenchoose-chose-chosen2020/10/1817D:動(dòng)詞原形中間元音字母i改a變?yōu)檫^去式,i改u變?yōu)檫^去分詞:begin-began-begun,drink-drank-drunkE:從原形變?yōu)檫^去分詞:come-came-come,do-did-done,go-went-gone2020/10/1818Grammar3:TagQuestions2020/10/1819反意疑問句:概念:

反意疑問句表示提問者有一定的主見,但沒有把握,希望對(duì)方來證實(shí).構(gòu)成:反意疑問句由兩部分構(gòu)成,前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述,后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短提問.如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分就用否定形式，如果前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式.兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致.2020/10/18203.語(yǔ)調(diào):反意疑問句陳述部分用降調(diào),提問者對(duì)陳述部分把握大時(shí),后一部分用降調(diào),把握不大時(shí),用升調(diào).2020/10/18214.例句:---Theweatherhereinsummerisveryhot,isn’tit?---Yes,itis.---Youlikeswimming,don’tyou?---No,Idon’t.---Hehasn’tcomeback,hashe?---No,hehasn’t.2020/10/18225.注意:*前一部分主語(yǔ)是名詞,后一部分則相應(yīng)的變?yōu)榇~:LiMingisaboy,isn’the?*前一部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,則后一部分要相應(yīng)使用助動(dòng)詞.TomlikesEnglish,doeshe?2020/10/1823*對(duì)反意疑問句的回答,不管怎么提問,如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes,事實(shí)是否定的就用no,這和漢語(yǔ)不同，要特別注意.*前一部分是祈使句,后一部分則用willyou?/won’tyou?2020/10/1824Grammar4:ThePossessiveCaseofNouns2020/10/18251.單數(shù)名詞:加’s讀音:清輔音后讀/s/,濁輔音和元音后讀/z/例如:Mike’sdog,John’sbike2.以s為結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞:加’讀音:讀音不變例如:Teachers’Day,thestudents’readingroom2020/10/18263.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞:加’s讀音:清輔音后讀/s/,濁輔音后和元音后讀/z/例如:Women’sDaytheChildren’sPalacemen’sroom2020/10/1827注意事項(xiàng):A:如果是兩個(gè)人共有的東西,則在后一個(gè)名詞后加’s,如果不是兩個(gè)人共有的東西,則在兩個(gè)名詞之后都加’s:LucyandLily’sroomLucy’sandLily’sroomsB:表示住家，店鋪時(shí),名詞所有格后面一般省略掉它所修飾的名詞:atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatthebarber’s=atthebarber’sshop2020/10/1828C:有表示時(shí)間,距離,國(guó)家等的名詞,也可以加’s表示所有格:today’seveningpaper今天的晚報(bào)fiveminutes’walk步行五分鐘的路程China’sagriculture中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)2020/10/1829Grammar5:positivesentences肯定句negativesentences否定句interrogativesentences疑問句2020/10/1830*陳述句用來敘述一項(xiàng)事實(shí),分為肯定句和否定句.2020/10/1831*肯定/否定句Iamastudentinjuniorschool.Iamnotastudentinjuniorschool.謂語(yǔ)如果是be變成否定要直接在其后面加not.Iworkinamiddleschoolhere.Idon’tworkinamiddleschool.謂語(yǔ)如果是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,要加don’t/doesn’t/didn’tHedoesn’tlikeEnglish.(三單形式)2020/10/1832*疑問句分為一般疑問句和特殊疑問句*一般疑問句一般由be/do/does/did提問AreyouanEnglishteacher?DoyoulikeEnglish?Doessheplaybasketball?疑問語(yǔ)序2020/10/1833特殊疑問句一般由why,when,where,how等特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)Why

doyoulikeEnglish?Where

doesshelive?When

willyoubegin?疑問語(yǔ)序2020/10/1834Grammar6.:V-ing2020/10/1835*v-ing構(gòu)成1.一般直接加ing:work-working2.以不發(fā)音的e為結(jié)尾的去掉e加ing:skate-skating3.以重讀閉音節(jié)為結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加ing:shop-shoppingswim-swimming2020/10/1836*v-ing用法1.與be構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),做謂語(yǔ).Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.2020/10/18372.與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),在句子中做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等．WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.(主語(yǔ))Ilike

playingfootballverymuch.(賓語(yǔ))Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(表語(yǔ))Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(定語(yǔ))Isawthemwalkingacrossthestreet.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2020/10/1838Grammar7:PersonalPronouns2020/10/1839人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehim

theythemsheheritit2020/10/1840用法:主格人稱代詞在句子中做主語(yǔ).I/We/You/Theylikeplayingfootball.Thisisanewbook.Itisveryusefultostudents.2.賓格人稱代詞在句子中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ).Mymothergavemeapresentyesterday.ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.2020/10/1841Grammar8:PossessivePronouns

2020/10/1842類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞my

you

his

her

its

our

your

their名詞性物主代詞mineyours

hishersitsoursyourstheirs2020/10/1843用法:形容詞性的物主代詞的用法相當(dāng)于形容詞,在句子中只做定語(yǔ).Ilovemyparents.Herbooksareinthebag.2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,它后面不能跟名詞,它在句子中做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ).Hishandwritingisgood.Hersisbetter.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrowyours?2020/10/1844Grammar9:

ReflexivePronouns2020/10/18451.概念:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作返回到該動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身或強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某物“本人,本身”的代詞叫作反身代詞.2020/10/18462.反身代詞形式形式第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2020/10/18473.用法:*在句中做動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)Pleasehelpyourselftosometea,Thegirlistooyoun