代詞一、概說代詞是起代替作用的詞，通常用來代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、分句和句子。代詞與名詞在形態(tài)上有所不同：第一，許多代詞有比名詞多的表示人稱、數(shù)、格與性的屈折變化；第二，代詞沒有名詞特有的派生詞尾，如-tion,-ment等。代詞之間相異之處也很多，有的可以隨便選用，有的則不能；有的可用作替換詞，有的則不能；有的有屈折變化，有的則沒有；有的可用作形容詞，有的則不可。但是，代詞之間也有兩點(diǎn)相同之處：第一，代詞本身的詞義都很弱，必須從上下文來確定；第二，許多代詞都有兩種功用：一是可以單獨(dú)取代名詞的位置，二是起修飾語的作用。代詞的種類：代詞可以分為九大類。1.人稱代詞2.物主代詞3.反身代詞4.相互代詞5.指示代詞6.不定代詞7.疑問代詞8.關(guān)系代詞（主要用于定語從句的引導(dǎo)）9.連接代詞（主要用于賓語從句、表語從句和主語從句的引導(dǎo)）中考主要考查前八類，尤以黃底部分為重點(diǎn)。

基本用法（考查主賓格之分）特殊用法基本用法：指天氣、時(shí)間、距離、非確指人稱代詞it不清楚性別作形式主語、形式賓語種類名詞性物主代詞物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別種類、基本含義反身代詞功能含有反身代詞的固定習(xí)語相互代詞基本含義、功能、與反身代詞的區(qū)別種類、基本含義指示代詞一般功用特殊功用替代功能用作副詞some,any基本用法（考查肯否定句的使用差別）特殊用法（考查some用于一般疑問句）noboth,neither,either基本用法（考查肯否定的區(qū)別）both/neither/eitherof..鄰近一致原則neither（以及nor,so）用于倒裝句（考查引導(dǎo)詞、謂語動(dòng)詞和語序）all,none基本用法（考查含義的區(qū)別）all/noneof…other,anotheranother泛指otherone…theother…other+名詞/otherstheother+名詞不others定one一般用法替代功能修飾詞代(a)little,(a)few（修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的區(qū)別）詞many,much,alotof/lotsof(many,much的區(qū)別)each,every復(fù)合不定代詞基本用法（考查含義的區(qū)別）功能謂語修飾語后置疑問代詞基本用法（考查含義的區(qū)別）who與what的區(qū)別what與which的區(qū)別種類、含義（考查疑問代詞的選用）疑問代詞who與what的區(qū)別what與which的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞（詳見定語從句）種類、使用環(huán)境縮合連接代詞具體使用情況引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

二、人稱代詞種類基本用法主格：主語賓格：賓語、表語特殊用法I單獨(dú)使用as,than三種人稱的排列順序he,she的特殊指代特別企劃it非人單三指天氣指時(shí)間指距離不清楚性別非確指形式主語形式賓語人稱代詞表示人，有人稱、性別、數(shù)與格之分。數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱陽性hehimtheythem陰性sheher中性itit1.人稱代詞的基本用法人稱代詞在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語等。1）作主語（一般用主格）。e.g.Iamateacher.Andyouaremystudent.2）作賓語（一般用賓格）。e.g.Isawyouinthestreetthatday.Youcanteachmesomeothersubject.3）作表語（一般用賓格）。e.g.ThepersonwhowillteachyouEnglishisme.[真題]1.Mr.Wangisveryfriendly,and______likehimverymuch.(09.北京) A.we B.us C.our D.ours2.---Look,that’sMike,yourclassmate.---Yes.Let’sgoandsayhelloto______.（09，吉林通化）A.him B.he C.her D.hers3.I’mgoingskating.Wouldyouliketogowith___?（08，北京）A.meB.IC.myD.mine4.WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.（08，重慶）A.we B.us C.our D.ours5.—AlatestChinadaily,please!—Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave,sir?（06，山東濱州）A.it B.one C.this D.that2.人稱代詞的特殊用法1）I無論何時(shí)都要大寫。2）人稱代詞作表語時(shí)，若其后有who或that引導(dǎo)的從句，則常用主格。e.g.It’sIwhodidit.3）人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，一般用賓格。e.g.—I’dliketodrinksomejuice.—Me,too.4）人稱代詞用于as或than的后面，既可以用主格，也可以用賓格。e.g.HeisolderthanI/me.Edwardisasgoodastudentashe/him.注意：此時(shí)使用主格還是賓格，應(yīng)視比較情況有選擇的使用。如：Ilikeyoubetterthanhe.我比他更喜歡你。（為避免歧義，此時(shí)可以將than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句的謂語補(bǔ)上：Ilikeyoubetterthanhedoes.）Ilikeyoubetterthanhim.我喜歡你，超過喜歡他。（此時(shí)只有一種解釋）5）人稱的使用順序習(xí)慣如果有幾個(gè)不同的人稱同時(shí)作主語，習(xí)慣順序是：?jiǎn)螖?shù)：you,he,andI復(fù)數(shù)：we,you,andtheye.g.You,heandIshouldsetgoodexamplestoothers.We,youandtheyareallwinners.但是，若是做錯(cuò)事，需承擔(dān)責(zé)任，有時(shí)將說話者I放在第一位。如：e.g.—Whobrokethewindow?—IandLiMing.6）he,she的特殊指代eq\o\ac(○,1)she可以用來代替國家、船只、大地、月亮等。e.g.Chinaismyhomeland.Iwillloveherforever.eq\o\ac(○,2)人們常用she或he來代替已知性別的動(dòng)物，雄性動(dòng)物用he,雌性動(dòng)物用she。e.g.Ihaveapetdog.Sheisverylovely.3.多功能的it1）一般情況下，it表示除人以外的單數(shù)的動(dòng)物或東西。e.g.—Whereisyourcar?—Itisoverthere.[真題]1.—Whatareyoulookingfor,Sally?—I’mlookingformypen.Ican’tfind______anywhere.(09,龍巖) A.one B.it C.this2.—Haveyouheardthegoodnews?—No,what_______?（08，蘇州）A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose3.---Whatahotday!Haveyouhadadrink?---Yes.ButI’dliketohave_____afterwork.（07，江西）A.itB.oneC.otherD.another4.Ican’tfindthepenIwasgiven.Haveyouseen_____?（06，徐州）A.it B.one C.this D.that2）表示天氣、氣候。e.g.—What’stheweatherliketoday?—It’srainyandcold.3）表示時(shí)間。e.g.—Whattimeisit?—It’saquarterpastten.4）表示距離。e.g.—Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?—It’saboutonekilometer.5）當(dāng)說話者不清楚或沒有必要知道所談?wù)摰膶?duì)象的性別時(shí)，常用it來表示。e.g.It’salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?—Someoneisknockingatthedoor.—ItmustbeJulie.Icalledhertocometodinner.[真題]1.—Oh,there'ssomeoneintheroom.—________mustbemybrother.（08，青海）A.HeB.ThisC.It2.—Whoissingingintheclassroom?—mustbeSusan.（07，天津）A.SheB.ItC.ThisD.He3.—John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.—Oh,whowas______?(06,江西)A.he

B.she

C.it

D.that6）有時(shí)為非確指。e.g.Howisitgoingwithyou?近況如何阿？Takeiteasy!別著急，慢慢來！7）作形式主語，代替真正的主語：不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語、某些名詞性從句。e.g.It’sdifficulttolearnanysubjectunlessyoulikeit.It’snousegoingtheresoearly.Itdoesn’tmatterwhateveryoudo.[真題]1.---Theyarediscussingwhattodoforthedisabled.---___________isnecessarytoprovidethemwithmorepositions.（08，湖北宜昌）A.That B.This C.It D.There2._________isimpolitetocutinlinewhenyouarewaitingforabus.（08，孝感）A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.Which3._____istruethathewillcometoseeusthisevening.（07，陜西工大附中）A.He B.This C.That D.It8）作形式賓語，代替真正的賓語：不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語、某些名詞性從句。e.g.Ifinditinterestingtolearnaforeignlanguage.Hethoughtitnousestudyingforthetest.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.[真題]1.Mostyoungpeoplefind_______excitingtowatchafootballmatch.（08，資陽）A.it B.this C.that D.one2.Class2willgoforapicnic.Theymade6o’clocktomeetatthefootofMt.Tai.（07，淄博）A.it B.that C.them D./3.Mostyoungpeoplefind______excitingtowatchafootballmatch．（07，蘭州）A.itB.thisC．thatD.one4.DidyoufindveryinterestingtoplayYoYo?（06，甘肅蘭州）A.this B.it’s C.that D.it9）用于固定句型：Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since…（一般過去時(shí)）“自從……已經(jīng)多久了?！眅.g.Ithasbeentenyearssincewesaweachotherlasttime.

三、物主代詞物主代詞的種類物主代詞的區(qū)別形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，它分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。詞義類型我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（它）們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheir物主代詞即是人稱代詞屬格，表示“歸誰所有”。1.形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，置于名詞之前，它們的人稱、數(shù)和性取決于它們所指代的名詞。e.g.Kathycutherfingeryesterday.Joeisdoinghishomeworkinhisbedroom.2.名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，以達(dá)到避免話語重復(fù)的目的，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語等。e.g.Mybookisinthecomputer.Yoursisonthedesk.（作主語）Mybagisthesameasyours.（作賓語）Theballonthefloorismine.（作表語）[真題]1.Isthereanydifferencebetweenyourideaand__________?(09.河北)A.heB.hisC.sheD.her2.—Whoisthebestfriendof______atschool?—IthinkHelenis.Weoftenhelpeachother.（09，新疆阜康）A.mine B.hisC.yours D.hers3.______schoolismuchbiggerthan______.(07,青島)

A.Our;theirB.Ours;theirsC.Theirs;ourD.Their;ours4．Someofthestickersbelongtome，whiletherestare（07，蘇州）A．himandherBhisandherC．hisandhersD．himandhers5.--Isthisyourdictionary，Jack?--Yes，it's_________.Thankyouforhelpingmefindit.（06，遼寧錦州）A.mineB.hersC.hisD.yours

四、反身代詞反身代詞的種類基本含義功能含有反身代詞的固定習(xí)語反身代詞是一種表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞。數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves一、反身代詞的基本含義通過反身代詞指代主語，使施動(dòng)者把動(dòng)作在形式上反射到施動(dòng)者自己。因此，反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系，在人稱、性和數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致。e.g.Icookeditmyself.Marysawherselfinthemirror.二、反身代詞的功用：1.用作賓語、表語和同位語等。e.g.Shelikeslearningforeignlanguagesverymuch.Sheoftenteachesherself.（作賓語）Bobisnotquitehimselftoday.（作表語）Youshoulddoityourself.（作同位語）注意：反身代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)同位語時(shí)用以加強(qiáng)語氣，在句中的位置比較靈活。e.g.Icookeditmyself.=Imyselfcookedit.我自己做的飯。Iwanttospeaktothechairmanhimself.我要對(duì)主席本人講。2.用于固定習(xí)語。*foroneself獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立*ofoneself自動(dòng)地*byoneself親自（沒有別人幫助）enjoyoneself過得愉快，玩得高興teachoneself自學(xué)helponeselfto隨便吃，隨便用dressoneself自己穿衣服thinktooneself暗自思忖saytooneself自言自語seatoneself坐下（*部分重點(diǎn)掌握）[真題]1.—Betty,help__________tosomesoup.—Thanksalot.（09.福建漳州）A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yours2.Sheissoyoungthatyoucan’tleaveherby___________.（08，諑鹿）A.oneselfB.herselfC.myselfD.yourself3.Whentakingthefinalexamhekeptsayingto_______,“Becareful.”（08，綿陽）A.hisB.himC.himselfD.herself4.Readingcanincreaseyourwords.Whenyouread,youwillfindwordsrepeat（重復(fù)）________andbuildupyourvocabularyquickly.（08，哈爾濱）A.ourselves B.itself C.themselves5.Asweallhavegrownup,weshouldlearntolookafter______.（07，懷化）A.ourselves B.us C.myself五、相互代詞相互代詞的種類使用范圍相互代詞與反身代詞的差異相互代詞的所有格作定語相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。形式如下：賓格屬格eachothereachother’soneanotheroneanother’s1.相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系，它所指的名詞或代詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)形式或兩者以上。e.g.Mr.andMrs.Smithboughtexpensivepresentsforeachother.注意：在傳統(tǒng)語法中，eachother指兩者，oneanother指三者或三者以上，但是在當(dāng)代英語中，兩個(gè)短語在用法上已無區(qū)別。2.相互代詞與反身代詞相似，都與主語形成互指關(guān)系，但意義存在重大差別。如：e.g.BillandHelenblamedthemselves.比爾和海倫責(zé)怪他們自己。BillandHelenblamedeachother.比爾和海倫彼此責(zé)怪對(duì)方。3.相互代詞的屬格用作定語。e.g.Lastweek,wevisitedeachother’shometown.上星期我們互訪了對(duì)方的家鄉(xiāng)。

六、指示代詞指示代詞的定義指示代詞的一般功能特殊功能替代功能作副詞表示“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞叫做指示代詞。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義this這個(gè)these這些指時(shí)間上或空間上離說話人較近的人或物that那個(gè)those那些指時(shí)間上或空間上離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的人或物e.g.Thisismydoll.ThatisMary’s.一、指示代詞的一般功用指示代詞在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。e.g.Howmucharethese?（作主語）Howdoyoulikethese?（作賓語）Mypointisthis.（作表語）ThisbookisaboutChinesetraditionalmedicine.（作定語）二、指示代詞的特殊功用1．this和that有時(shí)可用作副詞，表示程度，意為“這么”、“那么”。e.g.Thebookisaboutthisthick.Idon’twantthatmuch.2．that和those的替代功能為了避免重復(fù)，可用that代替前面提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替前面提到過的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。e.g.TheweatherofKunmingiswarmerthanthat(=theweather)ofBeijing.ThewatchesmadeinShanghaiareasgoodasthose(=thewatches)madeinTianjin.[真題]1.—Look!What’s__________inthesky?—Itlookslikeakite.（09.山西）A.thisB.thatC.those2.Thingsmadebyhandareusuallymoreexpensivethan______producedinfactories.（09，寧夏）A.theseB.thisC.thatD.those

七、不定代詞定義和分類some,any基本用法（考查肯否定句的使用差別）特殊用法（考查some用于一般疑問句）noboth,neither,either基本用法（考查肯否定的區(qū)別）both/neither/eitherof..鄰近一致原則neither（以及nor,so）用于倒裝句（考查引導(dǎo)詞、謂語動(dòng)詞和語序）all,none基本用法（考查含義的區(qū)別）all/noneof…other,anotheranother泛指otherone…theother…other+名詞/otherstheother+名詞othersone一般用法替代功能修飾詞(a)little,(a)few（修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的區(qū)別）many,much,alotof/lotsof(many,much的區(qū)別)each,every復(fù)合不定代詞基本用法（考查含義的區(qū)別）功能謂語修飾語后置疑問代詞基本用法（考查含義的區(qū)別）who與what的區(qū)別what與which的區(qū)別不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞表示各種程度和各種類型的不定意義。它們?cè)谶壿嬕饬x上是數(shù)量，具有整體或局部的意義。不定代詞可以分為：1.普通不定代詞：eq\o\ac(○,1)some,any,noeq\o\ac(○,2)somebody,anybody,nobody;someone,anyone,noone(不連寫);something,anything,nothingeq\o\ac(○,3)one,none2.個(gè)體代詞：eq\o\ac(○,1)all,both,either,neither,other,another,every,eacheq\o\ac(○,2)everybody,everyone,everything3.數(shù)量代詞(a)few,(a)little,many,much,alotof,lotsof復(fù)合不定代詞有someone,anyone,noone;somebody,anybody,nobody;something,anything;nothing;everyone,everybody,everything。復(fù)合不定代詞由于形式上是單數(shù)，故謂語一般用單數(shù)。1.some,any1）基本用法eq\o\ac(○,1)some和any修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞均可，意為“一些”。some一般用于肯定句；any一般用于否定句、疑問句和從句中。e.g.Ihavesomesciencebooks.Thereissomewaterintheglass.—Arethereanyquestion?—No,madam.Therearen’tanyvegetablesinthefridge.Youcanaskmeifyouhaveanyproblems.[真題]1.Iaskedherfor_________milk,butshedidn’thave________.（08，茂名）A.any;someB.some;anyC.some;some2．Thereisn’t________waterintheglass.Let’sgoandgetsome.（08，北京朝陽）A.manyB.lotsC.anyD.some3.Let’sgetsome__________abouttourismontheInternet.（09.山西）A.informationB.messageC.invention4.______policeofficersintheUKcarryguns,butmostofthemdon't.（08，徐州）A.No B.Some C.Many D.All5.Aftermovingtotheirnewhouse,theLeesboughtsome_____inthemallnearby.（08，上海）Afurniture Bchair Ctable Dshelfeq\o\ac(○,2)some,any相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)，可用于some/anyof…，此結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視of后面的名詞而定，如果是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。e.g.Someofhisopinionswerehardtoaccept.Someofthefoodwaspackedinbags.Idon’tthinkanyofmyfriendshaveseenthem.[真題]1.Someofmyclassmates________fromothercities.（08，茂名）A.comesB.isC.are2）特殊用法eq\o\ac(○,1)在疑問句中，若說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答，也可用some。e.g.—It’stoohottoday.Wouldyoulikesomewater?—Yes,please.eq\o\ac(○,2)some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“某個(gè)……”。e.g.Thismorningsomeboyaskedforyou.eq\o\ac(○,3)在否定句中，some表示半否定，any表示全否定。e.g.Idon’tknowsomeofyou.我只認(rèn)識(shí)你們中的一些人。Idon’tknowanyofyou.你們這些人，我一個(gè)都不認(rèn)識(shí)。eq\o\ac(○,4)any偶爾也用于肯定句中，意為“任何”，接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Youarewelcometobehere.Comeanydayyoulike.eq\o\ac(○,5)any可用于表示程度，修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)，意為“稍微……”。e.g.Heistootiredtowalkanyfurther.2.no1）不定代詞no只具有形容詞詞性，在句中作定語，意為“沒有”，相當(dāng)于notany,nota/an。e.g.Thereareno(=notany)lettersforyoutoday.Heisno(=nota)friendofmine.2）用于警告標(biāo)識(shí)。e.g.NoSmoking!NoParking!NoPhotos!3）no與not的比較：not可用于否定動(dòng)詞，但no不可以。3.both,neither,either1）基本用法both,neither,either用于兩者。both為肯定意義，表示“兩者都……”；neither為否定意義，表示“兩者都不……”；either表二選其一。e.g.Myparentsarebothordinarypeople.—Whatwouldyoulike,noodlesorrice?—Neither.I’dlikesomepancakes.—Whatwouldyoulike,noodlesorrice?—EitherisOK.I’mhungry.[真題]1.—WhichofthetwoT-shirtswillyoutake?—I’lltake__________,oneformybrother,theotherformyself.（09.江西）A.eitherB.neitherC.allD.both2.---CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?---I’mafraid_______dayispossible.（09，寧夏）A.neitherB.eitherC.someD.any3.—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.（08，重慶）A.Both B.All C.Either D.Neither4.Ihadtobuy________thesebooksbecauseIdidn’tknowwhichonewasthebest.（05，南京）A.both B.none C.neither D.all5.Itrainedheavilythismorning,but______ofmyclassmatewerelateforschool.(07,山西)A.neitherB.noneC.all2）關(guān)于of短語eq\o\ac(○,1)bothof…后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)意義的代詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。后接名詞時(shí)of可省略。e.g.Both(of)themoviesareveryinteresting.Bothofthemwereinvitedtotheparty.eq\o\ac(○,2)neitherof…后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)意義的代詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。e.g.Neitherofthechairsisbroken.Neitherofthemisapupil.eq\o\ac(○,3)eitherof…后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)意義的代詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。e.g.Eitherofthechairsisbroken.Eitherofusisapupil.3）鄰近一致原則。eq\o\ac(○,1)both…and…連接并列主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.BothJohnandMikelikeplayingbasketball.eq\o\ac(○,2)neither…nor…連接并列主語，謂語采取鄰近一致原則。e.g.NeitherhenorIlikeplayingcomputergames.DoesneitherRuthnorKatelikeshopping?eq\o\ac(○,3)either…or…連接并列主語，謂語也采取鄰近一致原則。e.g.EitherheorIamgoingtothecinema.IseitherheorIgoingtothemuseumwithyou?4）neither用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。so和neither/nor都可用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o\ac(○,1)前文的肯定情況也適用于另一人，So+be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語。注意時(shí)態(tài)相同。e.g.—Ilikedeliciousfood.—SodoI!HarryPotterhasbecameafamouswizardthroughhardwork.AndsohasRon.[真題]1.—It’sterriblycoldtoday,isn’tit?—Yes,__________yesterday.（09.福建漳州）A.SoitwasB.SowasitC.SoitisD.Soisit2.---MybrotherandIwillgotothelibrarytomorrow.---_________.Shallwegotogether?（08，諑鹿）A.SoamIB.SodoIC.SoIamD.SowillI3.—Jimwantstobeavolunteerinthe2008Olympics.—_________.（08，淄博）A.SoTomis B.SoisTomC.SodoesTom D.SoTomdoes4．JimworkshardonhisChineseand_________．（07，濟(jì)南）

A．soLucydoesB．soisLucyC．sodoesLucyD．soJucyis

5.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently(近來).---______,and_______.（06，荊門）A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohehas;soyouhaveC.Sohashe;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;sohaveyoueq\o\ac(○,2)前文的否定情況也適用于另一人，Neither/Nor+be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語。注意時(shí)態(tài)相同。e.g.—Idon’tlikehangingout.—Neither/NordoI.Ihaven’tbeentotheWorldExpoinShanghai.Neither/Norhasmysister.[真題]1.—Myparentsneverstopgoingonabout(嘮叨)howIshouldstudyhard. —________.（09，德州）A.Somyparentsdo B.NormyparentsdoC.Nordomyparents D.Sodomyparents2.—Doyouthinkwe’llneedacoffeepot? —Idon’tdrinkcoffee,and______.It’snotnecessary.Whynotateaservice?（08，山東）A.sodoyou B.neitheryoudo C.soyoudo D.neitherdoyou3.—Hedidn’tstayuplatelastnight.—________.（08，孝感）A.SodidIB.Sodidn’tIC.NeitherdidID.Neitherdidn’tIeq\o\ac(○,3)對(duì)于前文的事實(shí)情況進(jìn)行再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，So+主語+be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞。注意時(shí)態(tài)相同。e.g.—Todayistoohot.—Soitis.—Ihavemadegreatprogressthroughmyhardwork.—Soyouhave.[真題]1.—It’sterriblycoldtoday,isn’tit?—Yes,__________yesterday.（09.福建漳州）A.SoitwasB.SowasitC.SoitisD.Soisit2.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently(近來).---______,and_______.（06，荊門）A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohehas;soyouhaveC.Sohashe;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;sohaveyou3.—YouhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.—______.That’swhyIgotanAintheEnglishexam.（05，揚(yáng)州）A.SoIhaveB.SohaveIC.SoIdoD.SodoI注意：使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意謂語動(dòng)詞的種類、時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致！4.all,none1）基本用法all,none用于三者及三者以上。all為肯定意義，表示“全部都……”；none為否定意義，表示“全都不……”。e.g.Youarealltalents.Wejusthaven’tknownwhatyourtalentis.Noneofmyfriendsareforeigners.[真題]1.Allthestudentsweretired,but_______ofthemstoppedtohavearest.（08，淄博）A.both B.none C.any D.neither2.—Areyou___fromAmerica?—No,noneofus.（08，武漢）A.bothB.allC.anyD.either3.Itrainedheavilythismorning,but______ofmyclassmatewerelateforschool.(07,山西)A.neitherB.noneC.all4.---GotanyinformationaboutHighSchoolExamination?---Well,Iwastryingto,butfound__________.（07，武漢） A.one B.noone C.none D.some5.Ihadtobuy________thesebooksbecauseIdidn’tknowwhichonewasthebest.（05，南京）A.both B.none C.neither D.all2）all/noneof…作主語eq\o\ac(○,1)allof…后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)意義的代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Allofthestudentsareontheplayground.Bothofusliketoearpotatochips.eq\o\ac(○,2)noneof…后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)意義的代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。e.g.Noneofhisfriendshas/haveeverbeentoBeijing.Noneofthemspeak/speaksEnglish.5.other,another。1）anotheranother用于泛指，后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面不用冠詞，表“再一個(gè)，又一個(gè)”。e.g.—Wouldyoulikeanothercake?—No,thanks.I’malreadyfull.Idon’tlikethisone.Couldyoushowmeanother(one)?2）othereq\o\ac(○,1)other前有定冠詞the時(shí)，表示兩者中的“另一個(gè)”，常與one連用，即one…theother…。e.g.Myaunthastwosons.Oneisadoctor;theotherisateacher.eq\o\ac(○,2)other+名詞other+名詞，相當(dāng)于others,意為“別的”。e.g.Somearelisteningtotheradio,othersarewatchingTV.一些人在聽收音機(jī)，一些人在看電視。（暗示還有一些人在做別的事）SomestudentswenttotheSummerPalace.Otherstudents(Others)stayedathomelastSunday.一些學(xué)生去了頤和園，一些學(xué)生呆在家里。（暗示可能還有一些同學(xué)或看電影，或參觀博物館等）eq\o\ac(○,3)theother+名詞theother+名詞，相當(dāng)于theothers（=therest），意為“其余的”。e.g.Thereare67studentsinmysister’sclass.Nineteenareboys;theotherstudents(theothers)areallgirls.eq\o\ac(○,4)泛指“其他人”時(shí)則使用不帶冠詞的others。e.g.Weshouldbegladtohelpothers.[真題]1.—Wehavefivekindsofschoolbags.Doyoulikethisone?—No.Canyoushowme__________?（09.廣東）A.anotherB.eachotherC.theotherD.others2. “Have________try,youaresoclosetotheanswer,”theteachersaidtoEric.（08，上海） Atheother Boneanother Cother Danother 3．Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun，solet’shaveonethismonth．（07，蘇州）A．theotherB．someC．a(chǎn)notherD．other4.—Whataboutthesetwocoats，madam?—_____ofthemfitsme．Couldyoushowme_____one?（05，隨州）A．Either;otherB.Neither；anotherC．either；elseD．Either;another5.ThestudentsofClass1arehelpingthefarmers.Somearepickingapples,____arecarryingthem.(07,攀枝花)A.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.other6.one數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱物主代詞反身代詞oneonesone’soneself1）一般用法one/ones可以指人，也可以指物。在句中作主語、賓語和定語。e.g.I’vebeenlookingforanumbrella,butIcan’tfindone.2）替代功能one/ones可用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，ones代替復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.—Doyouhaveacomputer?—Yes,Ihaveone.Thisroomisdirty,pleaseshowmeanotherone.[真題]1.Mysonwantsapetrabbitforlong,butIhavenotimetobuy______forhim.（08，山東） A.it B.that C.theone D.one2.ThisisIwanted.（07，天津）A.theonewhatB.whichC.onewhichD.theone3.I'vegotmanybooksonChinesefood.Youcanborrow_____ifyoulike.（07，杭州）A.eitherB.oneC.itD.every4.----Mum,Maryboughtaparrotyesterday.Couldyoupleasebuy______forme?----Sure.Butyoumustlookafterityourself.(07,攀枝花)A.thatB.thisC.itD.one5.Whatisacooljob?Iwouldsay“agoodjob’isyouwoulddoevenifyoudidn’tgetpaidforit.（07，淄博）A.one B.which C.why D.that3.one/ones的修飾詞one的前面可以用the,this,that,which等詞修飾，同時(shí)one和ones還可以用形容詞來修飾。e.g.Therearethreepens,whichoneisyours,thisoneorthatoneortheoneinthepencil-box?Thepencilsareallblue.Willyoupleasepassmesomeredones?7.alittle,afew。1）alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表肯定意義，意為“一點(diǎn)兒”。e.g.IlearnedalittleJapaneseincollege.ButnowIremembernone.2）afew修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也表示肯定意義，意為“幾個(gè)”。e.g.Ihaveafewfriends.TheyareallChinese.3）little，few直接用于肯定句，則表示否定意義，意為“幾乎沒有”。e.g.Thereislittlewaterinthefridge.Let’sgotobuysome.Thismathsproblemistoodifficult.Fewofuscanworkitout.注意：only,even,quite,just等詞可以和alittle,afew連用，卻不能和few,little連用。onlyalittle（只有一點(diǎn)兒）onlyafew（只有幾個(gè)，僅少數(shù)）e.g.IfyoulearnevenalittleEnglish,you’llfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.[真題]1.I’mnewhere.IfeellonelybecauseIhave______friendstotalkwith.(09,龍巖) A.few B.many C.little2.ShecanspeakChinese,Englishand______French.（08，瀘州）A.alittle B.afew C.few3.There’s_______milkathome.Wehavetobuysomethisafternoon.（08，山西）A.alittleB.littleC.afew4．Thisexerciseis_________difficult_____．（07，濟(jì)南）

A．so,thatfewofuscandoB．so,thatfewofuscandoit

C．too,foranyoneofustodoD．too,foranyoneofustodoit5．ThisEnglishnewspaperisveryeasyforthestudentsbecausethereare_____newwordsinit.（07，重慶）A．littleB．a(chǎn)littleC．fewD.afew8.many,much,alotof/lotsof。三組詞都意為“許多”，但所接名詞不同，many修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，alotof/lotsof修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞均可。e.g.Doyouknowmanyfamousstars?Muchtimewillbesavedifyouplanyourworkproperly.Iusedtospendalotof/lotsoftimeplayinggames.Youshouldeatalotof/lotsoffruitsandvegetablestokeephealthy.[真題]1.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn'tnews.（09，廣州）A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few2．Thereportersaskedthemanquestions，buthesaidwords．（07，成都）A．many；fewB．much；alittleC．a(chǎn)lotof；afew9.each,every1）each（每個(gè)；各自的）強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情況。e.g.WhatwaseachpersondoingwhentheUFOarrived?2）every（每個(gè)；每一的；一切的）則有“全體”的意思，和all意義相近。e.g.Idecidedtotakelotsofgrammarnotesineveryclass.10.復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞的詞義由前面的some-,any-,no-決定。some-某個(gè)，any-任何一個(gè)，no-沒有，every-每一個(gè)。-body和-one的復(fù)合代詞只用于指人，-thing的復(fù)合代詞用來指物。1）some-/any-的復(fù)合代詞的用法與some,any的用法基本一致?？隙ň湟约捌诖隙ɑ卮鸬囊蓡柧溆胹ome-，否定句和疑問句通常用any-。e.g.Theysawsomethinginthesky.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Iwouldn’tsayanything.注意：實(shí)際使用時(shí)，人們通常會(huì)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要而選用意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)合不定代詞。e.g.Anyonecansucceedifhecouldmakeuphismindtodowhathewantstodo.Icandoanythingforyou.Don'teverletsomebodytellyouyoucan'tdosomething,notevenme.（不要讓別人告訴你你成不了才，即使是我也不行。）[真題]1.Attention,please!Ihave______importanttotellyou.(09，龍巖) A.nothing B.anything C.something2.WhenIreturnedtomyhometown,Iwasnearlylost.Almost_______hadchanged.（09，德州）A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything3.---Doyoubelieve_______youreadinads?---No,onlysomeofthem.（06，沈陽）A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything4.Themathexamwasverydifficult.Idon’tthink______couldpassit.（06，廈門）A.someoneB.everyoneC.noone5.—Canyoucookeggswithtomatoes?—Yes,ofcourse._________candoit,itiseasy.（05，山東）A.Anyone B.Someone C.Noone D.Everyoneelse2）復(fù)合不定代詞在句中可以作主語、表語和賓語。e.g.Everyonegetstiredsometimes.（作主語）Thisissomethingyoudobeforeatest.（作表語）Haveyouevercollectedanything?（作賓語）3）復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。e.g.Iseveryoneheretoday?Everyonelikesgifts.4）復(fù)合不定代詞的修飾語要置于復(fù)合不定代詞之后。e.g.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingwrongwithit?[真題]1.–Mum,canIhavesomething________?–Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis________inthekitchen.（09，江蘇宿遷）A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelseD.eating;nothingelse2.—Couldyoupleasetellme________intoday’snewspaper?—Sorry,_______.（09，黃岡）A.somethingspecial;special nothing B.specialsomething;specialnothingC.anythingspecial;somethingspecial D.somethingspecial;nothingspecial3．—HowcanImakefriendsinanewschool?—Sayhelloto__________toyoutoday，andyoucanhaveafriendtomorrow．（09，哈爾濱）A．newsomeoneB．someonenewC．newanyone4.---Haveyoureadtoday’snewspaper?---Yes,thereis_____init.(07,攀枝花)A.differentnothingB.nothingdifferentC.differentsomethingD.anythingdifferent5．--Whywastherenopicture．onTV?—Becausetherewas__________withit.（05，云南中考）A.anythingwrongB．somethingwrongC．wronganythingD．wrongsomething八、疑問代詞1.基本概念及功能疑問代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,which。who,whom,whose用來指人，who代替主格的人，whom代替賓格的人（口語中一般皆用who）。what,