2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-云南大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Withherwarmvoiceandinformalmanner,PearBailyattainedsuccessin（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.everyentertainmentmediumvirtuallyB.everyvirtuallyentertainmentmediumC.virtuallyentertainmenteverymediumD.virtuallyeveryentertainmentmedium2.單選題Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.speakforthemajorityB.initiateavetoC.criticizethegovernmentD.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.negativeB.friendlyC.supportiveD.hostile問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestodayB.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeathC.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportanceD.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenaltyB.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolationC.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenaltyD.executionsandmurders問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.opposingB.supportingC.neutralD.sarcastic3.單選題Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.diverseB.inverseC.reverseD.averse4.單選題Tomysurprise,allthestudentsinourclass（）againsthavingtodothreehours’homeworkeachevening.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.rebelledB.rivaledC.ridiculedD.rifled5.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.Bychartingoutthetypicalcognitivedevelopmentofchildren,SwisspsychologistJeanPiagethasheavilyinfluencedhowpsychologistsdelineatetheprogressofjuvenilepsychologicalgrowth.Beginninginthe1920sandupuntilhisdeathin1980,hestudiedtheerrorsschoolchildrenmadeonvarioustestsandrealizedthatchildrenofthesameagemadethesamekindsofreasoningerrors.Basedontheserecurringpatterns,heidentifiedstagesinachild’scognitivedevelopment,beginningfrominfancyandextendingthroughadulthood.Essentially,heproposedthattherewasacommontimetablebywhichchildreninitiallydevelopsimplecognitiveskillsandgraduallyrefinethemintomoreabstractwaysofthinking.Whilemorerecenttheoriesonthemattersuggestthatthereismoreoverlapamongthesestagesandthatdifferentenvironmentsaffectchildren'sprogress.Piauet’stheorywasnonethelessextremelyimportanttoinitialstudiesofcognitivedevelopment.AccordingtoPiaget,thefirststagethatchildrengothroughisthesensorimotorstage,aneventfulandcomplexperiodthatPiagetfurtherdividedintosixsub-stages.Thesensorimotorstagebeginsatbirthandlastsroughlyuntilthechildistwoyearsold.Duringthistime,thechildexperiencestheworldthroughhissensesandmotorskills,andhewillinitiallydevelopandmasterthebasicreflexesofinfants,suchasgrasping,sucking,looking,andlistening.Moreover,theinfantsbegintodevelopthefundamentalsofbasiccognitivefunctions.Hedevelopsawarenessofhimselfandofsubjectsasseparateentitiesandbeginstomanipulatehisexternalenvironment,usuallybykicking,movingobjects,andchewingontoys.

Thechildalsolearnsthatcertainactionswillhavecertaineffects,andhemayperformanactiontorecreatetheseeffects.Forinstance,hemayaccidentallysuckhisthumbandfinditpleasurable,soherepeatedlysuckshisthumbtoexperiencethepleasureagain.Finally,thechildalsoshowsthebasiccapacityforunderstandingsymbols,andhedevelopsarudimentaryuseoflanguagetowardtheendofthisstage,mostnotablybyidentifyingparentswithwordslike“Mama”and“Dada”.

Inthenextstage,thepreoperationalstage(ages2-7)thechildexpandshiscapacityforsymbolicthinking,andhecanenvisiontheenvironmentandmanipulateitwithhisimagination.Imaginationthusdevelopsmorefully,asseeninthechild'stendencytorole-playotherpeople(likehisparents,firefighters,ect.),andtopretendthatobjectsareotherthings,likepretendingthatabroomisahorse.ThisStageismarkedbytwootherdistinctivecharacteristics.Thefirstisegocentrism.

WhileChild’slanguagedevelopsmorefullyforthepurposeofsocialinteraction,histhoughtprocessisstilllimitedbyindividualexperiences,andthesecognitivelimitationsexcludeanyalternativeviewpoints.Theothercharacteristicisthatthoughtoccursinanillogicalandirreversiblemanner.Achildcaneasilybelievethatthingscanmagicallyincrease,decrease,orvanish,asperceptionsoftendictatetheirreality.

Intheconcreteoperationalstage(ages7-11),thechildshowsevidenceforlogicalthoughtandbecomeslessegocentricinhisthinking.Hebeginstograspconceptssuchasmass,length,volume,time,andotherabstractmeasurements,andhebecomescapableofsolvingbasiclogicalproblemsandunderstandingreversiblelogic.Hecanperformsimplearithmeticlikeaddition,subtractionandmultiplicationandhisunderstandingofhowtheseconceptsrelatetoeachotherincreased.Inthefourthandfinalstage,theformal,operationalstage,(frompubertytoadulthood),thechildisfinallyabletothinkincompletelyabstractterms.Heisabletoperformalgebra,calculus,andothermathematicsthatutilizesymbols,formulasandlogic,andheiscapableofothercomplexcriticalandsomemayneverfullyoradequatelygrasptheseskills,evenasadults.6.單選題Forawhileeveryonewasscreaming,tugging,beatingandkickingandthenMothercameinfromthekitchenandsaidfirmly，”（

）!It’stimeforarest.”問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.DoB.HavedoneC.DoingD.Done7.單選題Withthissensitivemachine,wecanfindthe（

）ofamilligramofaspirininanOlympic-sizeswimmingpool.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.counterpartB.equivalentC.averageD.installation8.單選題Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（

）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.manipulateB.regulateC.dominateD.prevail9.單選題Iwish（）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.IwentB.IhadgoneC.togoD.tohiveone10.單選題Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.overseasB.abroadC.foreignD.offshore11.寫(xiě)作題Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.1.Atpresent,China’sreformofthesupply-sidestructure,orthesupplyfrontstructurereformisacomprehensivestrategicdevelopmentthatinvolvesindustry,macrocontrolcapitalandthefiscalandtaxationsystems.Howdoyouunderstandthesupplyfrontstructurereform?Howdoyouthinkitinfluencesyourcareer?Howdoyouthinkitaffectsthereformofeducation?2.Theidea“craftsmanship”or“thespiritofcraftsman”occursintheReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentdeliveredatthe13thNationalpeople’sCongressbypremierLiKeqiang.Howdoyouunderstandthespiritofcraftsman?Howdoyouthinkitinfluencesyourcareer?Howdoyouthinkitaffectsthereformofeducation?12.單選題ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,（

）vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.couldbecomethemostB.becomesthemostC.tobecomeD.oneofthemostassuming13.單選題Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen（

）in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.deployedB.committedC.indulgedD.immersed14.單選題Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody（

）todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.andtheseusesB.alsousestheseC.thesealsousedD.andusesthese15.單選題Basketball,（

）1891byCanadianJamesNaismith,wasneverintendedtobeanythingmorethananinterestingstyleofhandsoccerforuniversitystudents.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whenitwasinventedinB.whichinventedC.wasinventedinD.whichitwasinventedin16.單選題Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous,Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.NowCasperisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenliewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildrenHowtoThink”，inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?‘‘Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.1.WhatisTRUEaboutCasper?2.CaspersucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（

）.3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（

）.4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview?5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.HeisEdward'sson.B.Heisanadventurousthinker.C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworkedB.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachanceC.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfatherD.hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbookB.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn.C.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexicD.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.C.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.D.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.improvingone’slogicinthinkingB.improvingone’sperceptioninthinkingC.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresayingD.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying17.單選題Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohissubject,（）extensivelyoutsideofit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.muchmoretoreadB.muchlesstoreadC.stillmorereadingD.muchlessreading18.單選題Jonathanis（

）inhisresearchfield;noothercontemporaryresearcherscancommandthesamerespect.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.headstrongB.preeminentC.flamboyantD.anachronistic19.單選題Thesalesdepartmenthastohavean（）knowledgeofwhatcustomerswantandhowmuchtheywanttopay.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.implicitB.intimateC.abruptD.anonymous20.單選題I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.takeintoaccountB.accountforC.makeupforD.makeout第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】語(yǔ)法題。Every為限定詞，修飾entertainmentmedium，virtually為副詞，修飾形容詞every，句意：憑借她溫暖的嗓音和不拘禮節(jié)的舉止，PearBaily幾乎在所有的娛樂(lè)媒體中都取得了成功。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是討論最激烈的話題，所以文章的主題為死刑。又根據(jù)下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知許多人肯定死刑的價(jià)值，認(rèn)為死刑是對(duì)謀殺罪的有效震懾，而另一些人則認(rèn)為死刑沒(méi)有多大的價(jià)值，因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的證據(jù)證明死刑的實(shí)施減少了謀殺的數(shù)量。又根據(jù)文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者認(rèn)為死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措。綜上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于為死刑的價(jià)值作辯護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一種是在盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命，一種是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺。前者可以僅僅通過(guò)社會(huì)隔離的方式受懲罰，而后者則不然?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為要根據(jù)謀殺程度來(lái)選擇死刑。所以作者對(duì)那些主張對(duì)所有人判處死刑的人的反應(yīng)很可能是否定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一種謀殺罪犯（盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命）應(yīng)該僅僅被社會(huì)隔離，而第二種冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺的罪犯不應(yīng)該僅僅被隔離，而是應(yīng)該被處以死刑?？膳袛喑龅诙悮⑷朔笐?yīng)該被處以死刑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亞的例子得出結(jié)論。本州謀殺率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止實(shí)施的結(jié)果，可以清楚地表明，死刑確實(shí)制止了許多謀殺的念頭?？膳袛喑鲎髡呦胍懻摰氖撬佬痰膶?shí)施和謀殺率的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。縱觀全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)“死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措”，然后在下文通過(guò)論述和實(shí)例證明，死刑的實(shí)施確實(shí)有助于抑制謀殺率?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔?duì)于實(shí)施死刑的態(tài)度是支持的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意為“這份報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”，這句話想要表達(dá)的是報(bào)紙發(fā)行量太少，inreverse表達(dá)“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。4.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。rebelagainst“反抗”；rival“與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；ridicule“嘲笑”，rifle“搶奪”。本句意為“令我吃驚的是，我們班所有的學(xué)生都反對(duì)每天晚上必須做三個(gè)小時(shí)的家庭作業(yè)”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。5.【答案】

而最近關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的理論表明，這些階段存在很多重疊部分，不同的環(huán)境對(duì)孩子們的成長(zhǎng)都有影響。盡管如此，Piauet的理論對(duì)孩子們認(rèn)知能力發(fā)展的最初研究是非常重要的。孩子也明白，某些特定的行為將會(huì)帶來(lái)特定的影響和結(jié)果，他可能會(huì)發(fā)出一種行為再創(chuàng)這些結(jié)果。比如，他可能偶然吮吸自己的大拇指，發(fā)現(xiàn)這相當(dāng)有趣，所以他會(huì)重復(fù)吮吸他的大拇指來(lái)再次體驗(yàn)這種快樂(lè)。在下一階段，前運(yùn)算階段（2-7歲），孩子會(huì)發(fā)展他象征性思維的能力，他能夠想象一個(gè)環(huán)境，并且用自己的想象力去處理操控它。盡管孩子的語(yǔ)言能力得到完全發(fā)展，能夠適應(yīng)社會(huì)交流的目的，但是他的思維能力仍然因?yàn)閭€(gè)人的經(jīng)歷而受限，并且這些認(rèn)知限制排除任何不同的觀點(diǎn)。在具體運(yùn)算階段（7-11歲），孩子表現(xiàn)出邏輯思維能力，并且在他的思想里存在更少的利己主義思想。6.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。Havedone“夠了吧；算了吧”。句意：不多一會(huì)兒，又是尖叫聲，又是東西拖地聲，又是敲打，踢東西聲，然后母親從廚房出來(lái)站在那里大叫：“你們夠了吧！休息時(shí)間到了！”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。7.【答案】B【解析】名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)counterpart“對(duì)應(yīng)的事物，副本”;B選項(xiàng)equivalent“（價(jià)值、數(shù)量、意義、重要性等）相等的”；C選項(xiàng)average“平均數(shù)，平均水平”；D選項(xiàng)installation“安裝，就職”。題目強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與游泳池中的一毫克的阿司匹林相等重量的物質(zhì)，所以B選項(xiàng)。8.【答案】B【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱，控制”；B選項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié)，管理”;C選項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”；D選項(xiàng)prevail“盛行，戰(zhàn)勝”；空格前的“l(fā)egislations法規(guī)”是這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以跟“法規(guī)”搭配應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)。9.【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，針對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間段的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“過(guò)去時(shí)”的虛擬形式；針對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)間段的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)”的虛擬形式；而針對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間段的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句則常用“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”。本題根據(jù)“IwasinSweden”可以看出是最后者，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況。句意為：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)斯德哥爾摩是座美麗的城市。真希望在瑞典時(shí)去過(guò)那里。因此選B。10.【答案】C【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)overseas“海外的，國(guó)外的”；B選項(xiàng)abroad“在國(guó)外”；C選項(xiàng)foreign“外國(guó)的，陌生的”;D選項(xiàng)offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主語(yǔ)theideaofhealthinsurance醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)’這個(gè)概念在20世紀(jì)80年代之前對(duì)居民來(lái)說(shuō)是…，C選項(xiàng)符合句意，正確。11.【答案】略12.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配題。固定句型Itishardtoimaginehowsb./sth.coulddosth.表示“很難想象某人/某物是怎么做到……”，A選項(xiàng)正確。13.【答案】A【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deploy“部署，有效利用”；B選項(xiàng)commit“犯罪，保證”;C選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺”；D選項(xiàng)immerse“沉浸，陷入”；根據(jù)主語(yǔ)‘Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectors微型毒素探測(cè)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。14.【答案】D【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知句子的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)hecentipede，謂語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，has和uses為句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。句意：蜈蚣身體的第一節(jié)有毒爪，用來(lái)自我保護(hù)和殺死獵物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。15.【答案】A【解析】語(yǔ)法（從句）題目。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格后一句是真正的主句，所以空格所在句是一個(gè)從句，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；從句是修飾Basketball，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B選項(xiàng)，which在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需在從句中充當(dāng)成分，所以排除D選項(xiàng);所以正確答案是A選項(xiàng)，是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。16.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:D第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“”YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous…”，根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，可判斷你可以想象卡斯帕是一個(gè)敢于大膽的思考者，但是事實(shí)相反。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967…”，可知橫向思維在1967年由愛(ài)德華?波諾首次提出，所以不是卡斯帕首次提出的。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap…”，可知卡斯珀的父母擔(dān)心，每當(dāng)他在學(xué)校說(shuō)一些聰明的話時(shí)，他的老師可能會(huì)叱責(zé)他，可判斷出卡斯珀被老師叱責(zé)是父母擔(dān)心的事，并沒(méi)有提到實(shí)際發(fā)生。根據(jù)排除法，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“‘Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,’hisfathersays,‘usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.’”，可知然后他運(yùn)用父親的思考方式進(jìn)行了練習(xí)，最后考試考得非常好?？膳袛喑鯟asper成功考入牛津大學(xué)的原因是運(yùn)用了父親提供的方法和技巧。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…h(huán)etransformsthethinkingskills….”，可知愛(ài)德華的書(shū)是用來(lái)傳播他的思考技巧，是為了教孩子們?nèi)绾嗡伎迹⑽刺峒斑壿嬎季S，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.”，可知1967年，愛(ài)德華?波諾(EdwarddcBono)首次描述了“橫向思維”，是在愛(ài)德華的兒子出生的前幾年提出的。可判斷出并不是在兒子出生后才描述了橫向思維，選項(xiàng)B可排除。因?yàn)閻?ài)德華在兒子出生前幾年就提出了橫向思維，所以不是因?yàn)閮鹤拥脑蚨パ芯窟@種方法，選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“…h(huán)etransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.”，可知他將自己用來(lái)培養(yǎng)商人思維的技能轉(zhuǎn)化為供父母和孩子們分享的非正式練習(xí)?？膳袛喑鰫?ài)德華在為父母和孩子寫(xiě)作之前，曾教商人如何思考。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”，可知愛(ài)德華認(rèn)為我們常常思考效率低下，因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇疤邢?。選項(xiàng)C為文章的原話，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“‘TeachYourChildHowtoThink’offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.”，可知《教你的孩子如何思考》這本書(shū)提供認(rèn)知改善的課程，清楚地了解你所說(shuō)的話的含義，并探索其他選擇?？膳袛喑鰴M向思維涉及的方面包括提升思維認(rèn)知能力，了解說(shuō)話的含義以及探索自己所說(shuō)的話的其他可供選擇的表達(dá)，不包括提升邏輯思考能力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。17.【答案】B【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。因題干中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞find的真正賓語(yǔ)為toread...，所以選項(xiàng)中也應(yīng)有不定式。因此可排除含有動(dòng)名詞reading的C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)中的muchmore意為“更加，何況”，與題干語(yǔ)意相矛盾。B項(xiàng)muchless意為“更不用說(shuō)，更何況”，符合題意。18.【答案】B【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Headstrong“任性的，頑固的”；preeminent“卓越的，超群的”；flamboyant“艷麗的，炫耀的”anachronistic“過(guò)時(shí)的，時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤的”。句意：?jiǎn)碳{森在他的研究領(lǐng)域是卓越的;沒(méi)有其他當(dāng)代研究者能獲得同樣的尊重。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。19.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“含蓄的、暗示的”；B選項(xiàng)intimate“親密的”；C選項(xiàng)abrupt“突然的”；D選項(xiàng)anonymous“匿名的”，句意為：銷售部門(mén)必須非常了解顧客想要什么，他們想要付多少錢。anintimateknowledgeof“精通某事”，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。20.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)takeintoaccount“考慮、顧及”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“說(shuō)明、解釋”；C選項(xiàng)makeupfor“補(bǔ)償、填補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)makeout“理解、辨認(rèn)”，句意為：我想知道他在當(dāng)?shù)仄渌r(nóng)民和商人中的聲望，然后決定是否批準(zhǔn)貸款。D選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此選D。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould（）fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.conceiveB.discernC.recognizeD.distinguish2.單選題Whenthepartyfinishedat11o’clock,theballoonsmyunclehad（）atourdinnertablehadmostofthemexploded.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.blownupB.blownoverC.blownoutD.blownin3.單選題48.Whenaliquidorgasisheatedfrombelow,thefluidtends（

）intocylindricalrolls.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.itsorganizationB.toorganizeitselfC.andisorganizedD.organizing4.單選題These（）salespersonsofinsurancewillbeintroducedtorelevantregulationsandbusinessstrategies.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective5.單選題TheyoungladyisMr.Smith’step-daughter,her（）parentshavingdiedinanaccident.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ecologicalB.psychologicalC.physiologicalD.biological6.翻譯題ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管我們對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對(duì)此已有不少了解?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會(huì)引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化吋，這種變化常能持久。“學(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對(duì)一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)一首新的曲子。7.單選題Studieshaveshownthatworkers’desiretobeacceptedbyco-workerscould（

）themmorestronglythanthedesiretoearnmoremoney.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.hamperB.motivateC.interveneD.streamline8.單選題Everymemberofthesocietyhastomakea（）struggleforthefreedomofthecountry.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee9.單選題Thespontaneousmovementofwateracrossamembrane,（

）gradientofwaterconcentrationiscalledosmosis.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.drivesaB.drivenbyaC.hasdrivenD.drove10.單選題Whenphotographinganobjectfromdifferentviewpoints,thephotographer'sperspectiveof（

）changes.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ofwhatisseeingB.seeingwhatC.itseeswhatD.whatitsees11.單選題Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness----throughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproach----includingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.summarizingathesisB.recommendingadifferentapproachC.comparingpointsofviewD.makingaseriesofpredictions問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.encourageinnovationB.keeplaboroutputconstantC.increasetheircompetitiveadvantageD.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargumentB.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollowC.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomictermsD.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturingB.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivityC.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustryD.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.CriticalB.DisinterestedC.RespectfulD.Adulatory12.單選題Shesaidthatshehad（

）couragetofight（

）brutalmanbecauseshehad（

）supportfrom（

）Lord.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.the....a...the.../B./...a...the..../C.a...a...the...theD.the...a...the....the13.單選題Unlikethehyena,（

）related,theaardwolfhasweakteethandjaws.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whichisitB.whichitistoC.whichisitD.towhichitis14.翻譯題ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.

Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalizationofscientificactivity.Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.(Nevertheless,theword'amateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity,andinparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.

Theurowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationin