第第頁2023年高二暑假話題閱讀快樂練：科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)（含答案）2023年高二暑假話題閱讀快樂練：科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)

（共5題）

一、閱讀理解題（共5題）

Theaveragecomputeruserhasbetween5and15usernameandpasswordcombinationstologindifferentkindsofaccounts.Somedemandyouuseaspecificnumberofsymbolsanddigits,whileothersrequireyoutochangeyourpasswordevery60days.Thefeelingofconfusionresultingfrommemorizingtheselogininformationhasgrownsocommonthatitactuallyhasaname:passwordfatigue(疲勞).

Havingtoremembersomanydifferentpasswordsisannoying,butitcanalsobedangerous.Becauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletorememberauniquepasswordforeachoftheseaccounts,manypeopleleavehandwrittenlistsofusernamesandpasswordsonornexttotheircomputers.Whilethesepracticesmakeiteasiertorememberlogininformation,theyalsomakeiteasierforthievestohackintoaccounts.

SingleSign-On(SSO)confirmationandpasswordmanagementsoftwarecanhelpsolvethisproblemWithSSO,usersonlyneedtorememberonepasswordtologintothemainsystem.SSOsoftwareistypicallyusedbylargecompanies,schools,orlibraries.

However,SSOconfirmationandpasswordmanagementsoftwarealsohavedrawbacks.IfauserlosesorforgetsthepasswordrequiredtologintoSSOsoftware,theuserwillthenloseaccesstoalloftheapplicationslinkedtotheSSOaccount.Userswhorelyonpasswordmanagementsoftwarefacethesameproblems.

Althoughmostwebsitesornetworksystemsallowuserstorecoverorchangelostpasswordsbyprovidingemailaddressesoransweringaprompt(提示),thisprocesscanwastetimeandcausefurtherfrustration.Whatismore,recoveringaforgottenpasswordisonlyatemporarysolution.

Somecomputerscientistshavesuggestedcomputersrelyonbiometrics(生物測定學(xué)).Theuseofbiometricsraisesquestionsconcerningprivacyandcanalsobeexpensivetopractice.

Softwareengineersandcomputersecurityexpertsarestillsearchingforthecuretopasswordfatigue.Untiltheyfindtheperfectsolution,however,everyonewillsimplyhavetorelyonthepasswordsystemcurrentlyinplace.

(1)

A．Itdoesnotaddressthelargerproblemofpasswordfatigue.

B．Thesesoftwareprogramshavebeenbuiltintomanymajorwebbrowsers.

C．Theproblemwithpasswordmanagementsoftwaremakesusersfeelpowerless.

D．TheSSOsoftwarethenautomaticallylogstheuserintootheraccountswithinthesystem.

E．Thisisamethodofrecognizinghumanusersbasedonuniquecharacteristics,suchasfingerprintsvoice,orDNA.

F．Otherssolvethisproblembyusingthesamepasswordforeveryaccountorusingextremelysimplepasswords.

(2)

A．Itdoesnotaddressthelargerproblemofpasswordfatigue.

B．Thesesoftwareprogramshavebeenbuiltintomanymajorwebbrowsers.

C．Theproblemwithpasswordmanagementsoftwaremakesusersfeelpowerless.

D．TheSSOsoftwarethenautomaticallylogstheuserintootheraccountswithinthesystem.

E．Thisisamethodofrecognizinghumanusersbasedonuniquecharacteristics,suchasfingerprintsvoice,orDNA.

F．Otherssolvethisproblembyusingthesamepasswordforeveryaccountorusingextremelysimplepasswords.

(3)

A．Itdoesnotaddressthelargerproblemofpasswordfatigue.

B．Thesesoftwareprogramshavebeenbuiltintomanymajorwebbrowsers.

C．Theproblemwithpasswordmanagementsoftwaremakesusersfeelpowerless.

D．TheSSOsoftwarethenautomaticallylogstheuserintootheraccountswithinthesystem.

E．Thisisamethodofrecognizinghumanusersbasedonuniquecharacteristics,suchasfingerprintsvoice,orDNA.

F．Otherssolvethisproblembyusingthesamepasswordforeveryaccountorusingextremelysimplepasswords.

(4)

A．Itdoesnotaddressthelargerproblemofpasswordfatigue.

B．Thesesoftwareprogramshavebeenbuiltintomanymajorwebbrowsers.

C．Theproblemwithpasswordmanagementsoftwaremakesusersfeelpowerless.

D．TheSSOsoftwarethenautomaticallylogstheuserintootheraccountswithinthesystem.

E．Thisisamethodofrecognizinghumanusersbasedonuniquecharacteristics,suchasfingerprintsvoice,orDNA.

F．Otherssolvethisproblembyusingthesamepasswordforeveryaccountorusingextremelysimplepasswords.

Mostdatingservicesmatchtheirusersbythethingstheylike,butanewdatingappcalledHatercompletelyturnsthisideaonitshead,usingcommondisinteresttohelppeoplefindlove.HaterfounderBrendanAlperfirstcameupwiththeideafortheappasajoke.Butthemorehethoughtaboutit,themorehebecameconvincedthatitwouldactuallybeaninterestingreal-lifedatingapp,andafterfindingsomescientificstudiesthatconfirmedhisintuition(直覺),hedecidedtoturnitintoareality.HaterhasbeenintestingsincelastDecember,andwillbeofficiallyavailableforAndroiddevicessoon.Sogetreadytoletthethingsyouhateguideyoutotruelove.

"Whatwehateisanimportantpartofwhoweare,"Alpersays."Wewantpeopletoexpressthemselvesmorehonestly.Plus,it'seasytostartaconversationwithsomeoneifyouknowyoubothhatesomething.Haterfindspotentialmatchesbasedonthethingsyouhateandyourlocation."

"Datingissupposedtobefun,somewherealongtheline,datingappslostsightofthat,"Alperadds."Haterwantstobringitback."It'sabreathoffreshairintheonlinedatingservicescene,andthecompanyclaimsthatthey'vereceivedverypositivefeedbackduringthetestingperiod.Whoknows,maybehatecansometimesbringpeoplecloser.

OnethingthatAlperandhisteamcan'tstandisnegativebehavior,andtomakesurethatdoesn'thappentheycarefullymonitorthethousandsoftopicsavailableonHaterandhaveaone-strikepolicyforuserswhoactinappropriately."Haterabsolutelydoesnotstandforhatespeech—particularlyhatetowardraces,religions,orbodytypes,"theapptermsofservicestate.

(1)WhatissaidaboutHaterinthefirstparagraph

A．Thereisnothingspecialaboutit.

B．Itisnotreadyforpublicuseyet.

C．Itwasfirstintendedtohelpfindlove.

D．Itwasfoundedwithoutmuchthinking.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto

A．Dating.B．Theline.C．Sight.D．Fun.

(3)WhatareHateruserswelcometodo

A．Startasmanytopics.B．Beginwithhatespeech.

C．Behavepositively.D．Showthedislikeofraces.

(4)What'sthepurposeofthetext

A．Tointroduceamatch-makingapp.

B．Toinformhowtofindloveonline.

C．Toexplainwhyhatecanbringpeoplecloser.

D．Toshowtheoperatingprinciplesofdatingapp.

FaceuptoReality

Callstostoptheuseoffacerecognitiontechnologyaregrowinglouder,butitisalreadytoolate.Givenitswidespreadusebytechcompaniesandthepolice,apermanentrollbackisimpossible.

TheEuropeanCommissionisconsideringtemporarilybanningtheuseofthetechnologyinpublicspaces,givingpoliticiansinEuropetimetodevelopmeasurestoreducethepotentialrisksoffacerecognitionsystems.SomeUScities,suchasSanFrancisco,havealreadyimplementedbans.

Publicareasmakeupasmallproportionofthephysicalspacesweinhabit.Whataboutthemanythatareprivatelyowned,suchasshops,schoolsandmuseums,inwhichfacerecognitionissteadilybeingrolledout,sometimeswithoutourknowledge

MostofusnowassociatefacerecognitionwithCCTVcameras(閉路電視攝像機(jī)).Facebook,forexample,runsfacerecognitiononusers'photostoautomaticallyidentifytheminotherimagesonthesite,whichhasbeenfunctioningforyears.RussiansearchengineYandexhasasmartsearchfunctionthat,givenoneimageofaface,canfindpicturesonlineofthesamepersonevenindifferentposesandlightingconditions.

Otherconcernsrelatetothefactthatthetechnologyisimperfect.AnindependentanalysisofafacerecognitiontrialbyLondon'sMetropolitanPolicefoundthat81percentofmatchesthesystemflaggedtoawatchlistofsuspectswereincorrect.

SowhatisthepossiblesolutionWhenweconsiderboththerateatwhichthetechnologyisdevelopinganditswidespreadusenowadays,itiscrystal-clearthatabanonitsuseinpublicspaceswouldbetoolittle,toolate.Asetofeffectiverulesonwhenandhowitcanbeusedneedstobedecidedquickly.Facerecognitiontechnologyisheretostay;implementingatemporarybanwouldbetheregulatoryequivalentofburyingourfacesinthesand.

(1)

A．Thisappliestofacerecognition,asisoftenthecase.

B．Asamatteroffact,itisadvancingintheonlinefield,too.

C．Whatfacerecognitionneedsisstrictandurgentregulation.

D．Buttheprohibitionsaresolimitedthattheyarehardlybansatall.

E．Andit'sevenlessaccurateforsomeminorities,whichrisksworseningracialissues.

F．Companiescannotletmarketmakeafinaldecisiononthefutureofnewtechnology.

(2)

A．Thisappliestofacerecognition,asisoftenthecase.

B．Asamatteroffact,itisadvancingintheonlinefield,too.

C．Whatfacerecognitionneedsisstrictandurgentregulation.

D．Buttheprohibitionsaresolimitedthattheyarehardlybansatall.

E．Andit'sevenlessaccurateforsomeminorities,whichrisksworseningracialissues.

F．Companiescannotletmarketmakeafinaldecisiononthefutureofnewtechnology.

(3)

A．Thisappliestofacerecognition,asisoftenthecase.

B．Asamatteroffact,itisadvancingintheonlinefield,too.

C．Whatfacerecognitionneedsisstrictandurgentregulation.

D．Buttheprohibitionsaresolimitedthattheyarehardlybansatall.

E．Andit'sevenlessaccurateforsomeminorities,whichrisksworseningracialissues.

F．Companiescannotletmarketmakeafinaldecisiononthefutureofnewtechnology.

(4)

A．Thisappliestofacerecognition,asisoftenthecase.

B．Asamatteroffact,itisadvancingintheonlinefield,too.

C．Whatfacerecognitionneedsisstrictandurgentregulation.

D．Buttheprohibitionsaresolimitedthattheyarehardlybansatall.

E．Andit'sevenlessaccurateforsomeminorities,whichrisksworseningracialissues.

F．Companiescannotletmarketmakeafinaldecisiononthefutureofnewtechnology.

AScientistturnsouttobeabletoseethefuturebyofferingeachofsomefour-year-oldsapieceofcandyandwatchinghowheorshedealswithit.Somechildrenreacheagerlyforthetreattheysee.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowaituntilthelastmoment.

Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschool,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutgenerallygrewuptobemorepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependable.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptationearlyweremorelikelytobelonely,easilyfrustratedandinflexible.

Actually,theabilitytodelayrewardisasignofemotionalintelligencewhichdoesn'tshowuponanIQtest.

Thehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemindhavelongbeenscientists'concerns.Butbraintheorycan'texplainwhatwewonderaboutmost,likethequestionwhysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresistantperson.

HerecomesthetheoryofDanielGoleman,writerofEmotionalIntelligence:whenitcomestopredictingpeople'ssuccess,brainabilitymeasuredbyIQmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character".

EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheyworktogether;howone'sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredientsforsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQaccountsforabout20%;therestdependsoneverythingfromsocialclasstoluck.

Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,somefewfearEQinvitesmisuse.

(1)Theexperimentwiththefour-year-oldsmakesitclearthat_____.

A．theageof4isapropertimeforscientificexperiment

B．emotionalintelligencewon'tshowupuntiladolescence

C．theabilityofself-controlplaysaroleinpersonalsuccess

D．candycanbeusedtomeasureaperson'semotionalintelligence

(2)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext

A．Thehigheraperson'sEQis,thehigherhisorherIQis.

B．Thehigheraperson'sIQis,thelowerhisorherEQis.

C．Aperson'ssuccesstotallydependsonhisorher.

D．ScientistshavebeentryingtodiscoverhowEQandIQworktogether.

(3)Theunderlinedword"upbeat"inParagraph4probablymeans_____.

A．kindB．floatingC．excitedD．optimistic

(4)Whatismostlikelytobewrittenintheparagraphthatfollows

A．Informationaboutfamouspeoplewithhigh.

B．Examplesshowingtheoppositevoiceabout.

C．SomereasonswhyEQisarelativelynewfield.

D．Strongdemandsforbasicemotionaleducation.

Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s,geneticallymodified(GM,轉(zhuǎn)基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworld,mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblemsEvenifitwould,isitthebestsolution

Despitewhatitpromises,GMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.Infact,studiesshowthatthemostcrownGMcrop,GMsoybeans,hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance,areportthatanalyzednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.

Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise,whileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(殺蟲劑).Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops."Thepromisewasthatyoucouldusefewerchemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,"saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.

Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger.TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile,theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood,accordingtoa2023WorldBankreport.

Asamatteroffact,scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebetterwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich"green"farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.

(1)Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly_____.

A．byclassificationB．bycomparison

C．byexampleD．byprocess

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"boost"inthethirdparagraphprobablymean

A．Control.B．Evaluate.C．Obtain.D．Increase.

(3)GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom_____.

A．practicing"green"farmingB．useoflesschemicals

C．fairdistributionoftheircropsD．usingmorecropsforfuel

(4)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology

A．Optimistic.B．Defen