語法精講強(qiáng)化系列7.定語從句語法精講強(qiáng)化系列考點(diǎn)15組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析★★★★★

1.只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí)。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.

考點(diǎn)15組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析★★★★★(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時(shí)。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.

(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,(4)先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(5)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.(4)先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)。2.只用which不用that的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.2.只用which不用that的情況(3)先行詞為that/those時(shí)。*What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定語時(shí)。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.(3)先行詞為that/those時(shí)。3.thesame...as與thesame...thatthesame...as表示相似或同類的東西;thesame...that表示同一人或物①Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。②Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.這是他上星期借給我的那本書。3.thesame...as與thesame.4.such/so...as與such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣;such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于①ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.②ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.4.such/so...as與such/so..5.as與which(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。5.as與which(2)as意為“正如……”,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意為“這一點(diǎn)”或“這件事”等。①NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.(2)as意為“正如……”,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用see,k【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2014·安徽高考)Theexactyear

AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.

【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空解題關(guān)鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會(huì)想到when。但當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。本題定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞spent為及物動(dòng)詞,故從句中缺少賓語,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定:which/that解題關(guān)鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會(huì)想到when?！靖呖碱}組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空/改錯(cuò)1.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit__________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(2013·全國卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(改錯(cuò))_____________that/whichthat改為which【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空/改錯(cuò)that/whichth3.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,______offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.4.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Trustisalearnedbehavior__________wegainfrompastexperiences.whichthat/which3.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psyc考點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose★★★★★1.who和whom的用法(1)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時(shí)或表示人的名詞時(shí)。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein2015.

考點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose★★★★★(2)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人。*There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.(2)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系(3)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)修飾人的定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)宜用who以避免重復(fù)。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.(3)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)修飾人的定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用whom,whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞可放在后面,也可提前構(gòu)成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結(jié)構(gòu)。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用whom,whom在2.whose的用法whose指人或物,作定語,表示“……的”,可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”,指人時(shí)可用ofwhom;指物時(shí)可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/ofwhomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.2.whose的用法【點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

【點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2015·陜西高考)Asalesman

isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.

【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空解題關(guān)鍵:關(guān)系詞代替先行詞salesman在定語從句中作主語,所以用關(guān)系詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,表示“不能守時(shí)的銷售者”。答案判定:who解題關(guān)鍵:關(guān)系詞代替先行詞salesman在定語從句中作主【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisyear,25,310students____haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.who【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空who2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Students____takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.3.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Students____entertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonored.4.(2013·湖北高考)Mydeskmateisaneccentricboy______clothesneverfithim.whowhowhose2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Students____ta考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系副詞when,where,why★★★★1.when的用法先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”,可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系副詞when,where,why★★★★2.where的用法(1)先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”,定語從句可用where引導(dǎo),where在從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*(2013·天津高考)Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.2.where的用法(2)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞,常用where引導(dǎo),意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.(2)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,p3.why的用法先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時(shí),可以用why引導(dǎo)定語從句,why在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用forwhich替代。可以把此時(shí)的句子牢記為一個(gè)固定句型,即Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,意為“……的原因是……”。*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.3.why的用法【點(diǎn)津】(1)選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的原則:在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí),最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關(guān)系代詞;若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關(guān)系副詞?！军c(diǎn)津】*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語)*Thisisthemountainvillage(2)當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時(shí)可以用that或inwhich引導(dǎo),也可以省略關(guān)系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語,要用that或which引導(dǎo),也可以省略關(guān)系詞。*Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.(2)當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺方【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2015·廣東高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.

【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空解題關(guān)鍵:wherepeoplefromthetownsmetregularly是定語從句,修飾先行詞market,where在定語從句中作狀語。答案判定:where解題關(guān)鍵:wherepeoplefromtheto【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2015·湖北高考)Thereason____theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.2.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Thehardwoodforests______passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood.whywhere【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空whywhere3.(2013·山東高考)Whilewaitingforabustotheoffice______hewassupposedtobeinterviewed,hesawanelderlyman.4.(2013·遼寧高考)Attheage_____shegainedsomebasicskillsandsensibility(識(shí)別力),shebeggedhermotherforabikeride.wherewhen3.(2013·山東高考)Whilewaitingfo考點(diǎn)4介詞+關(guān)系代詞的6個(gè)考查點(diǎn)★★★★1.考查定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.

考點(diǎn)4介詞+關(guān)系代詞的6個(gè)考查點(diǎn)★★★★2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.3.考查根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣4.考查表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhich/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.互換。4.考查表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom5.考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.5.考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom【點(diǎn)津】選擇介詞的3個(gè)原則:

①根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要;②根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣;③根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣?！军c(diǎn)津】選擇介詞的3個(gè)原則:

①根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要;【辨析】定語從句與幾種句式和從句的區(qū)別與并列句的區(qū)別如果兩個(gè)句子之間是分號(hào),或有and,but,so等連接詞,則這兩個(gè)句子為并列句;如果兩個(gè)句子之間是逗號(hào),且沒有上述的連接詞,則這兩個(gè)句子之間就是主從關(guān)系,須有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵在于把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“Itis/was...that/who...”去掉后,主句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的【辨析】定語從句與幾種句式和從句的區(qū)別與并列句的區(qū)別如果兩個(gè)與狀語從句的區(qū)別狀語從句通常沒有先行詞,整個(gè)從句在復(fù)合句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因等狀語,而定語從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定作用的與狀語從句的區(qū)別狀語從句通常沒有先行詞,整個(gè)從句在復(fù)合句中與同位語從句的區(qū)別①定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限定作用;而同位語從句對(duì)先行詞起解釋、說明作用;②引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中的作用不同:在定語從句中,that既起連接作用,又在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語、賓語等;而在同位語從句