豌豆語法課——虛擬語氣豌豆群：72989161/21虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一個(gè)特殊動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一個(gè)假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人愿望、要求、命令、提議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。一、虛擬語氣概念2/21

虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反假設(shè)與過去相反假設(shè)與未來相反假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式（動(dòng)詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形3/21二基本三種情況1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反情況：從句：If主語+過去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were)主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do

eg：

1．IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.

2．IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.

3．Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反情況從句：If主語+had+done主句：主語+should/would/could/might+havedone

eg：

1．

IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.

2．Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.4/213、表示對(duì)未來情況主觀推測(cè)

主句：主語+should/could/would/might+do

從句：①if+主語+weretodo

②if+主語+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主語+did（動(dòng)詞過去式）/were

eg：

1．Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.

2．IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.

3．IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.5/21三、使用虛擬條件句要注意幾點(diǎn)：１．有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句謂語動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語氣形式應(yīng)作對(duì)應(yīng)調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯(cuò)綜條件句。

①?gòu)木鋭?dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生事實(shí)不符。

eg：

IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.

Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.

②從句動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)不符。如：

Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.。

Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.．．6/212當(dāng)虛擬條件句謂語動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if能夠省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。Eg：①Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.②Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.③Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.。7/21

3、非真實(shí)條件句中條件從句有時(shí)不表示出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其它方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語中，如without…，butfor…等

Eg：

Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.

Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.

Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.

8/214、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句能夠省略其中一個(gè)，來表示說話人一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈感情。

①省略從句

Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。

Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你本能經(jīng)過這次考試。

②省略主句

IfIwereathomenow.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。

IfonlyIhadgotit.要是只有我得到它了該多好啊。5注意，在虛擬語氣從句中，動(dòng)詞be過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was。

eg：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.

9/21四、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中利用1用于賓語從句⑴、wish后面賓語從句中。普通用虛擬語氣，表示一個(gè)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表未來would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.10/21⑵用于表示命令、提議、要求等一類詞后面賓語從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持說之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳說語氣，作“果斷主張；果斷要求”講時(shí)，用虛擬語氣。如：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.．11/21

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should能夠省略．

2用于表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.12/213虛擬語氣在主語從句中A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形1It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

13/21B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也慣用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.14/21

1.

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略．五、虛擬語氣在其它從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引導(dǎo)感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在情況,應(yīng)用過去式;假如是過去情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!15/213.wouldrather+從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成時(shí)

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.

asif(asthough)看起來慣用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式(haddone).Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit16/215.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.17/21四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone原來能夠---mighthavedone原來可能---should/oughttohavedone原來應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--

你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本無須做---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒必要做也沒有做---我沒必要擦窗戶。我弟兄做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone原來會(huì)去做----Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.18/21Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there_