翻譯歡迎光臨英對比與翻譯漢English-ChineseContrastandTranslation1A翻譯歡迎光臨英對比與翻譯漢English-ChineseCAChinesepoemsays,“Abosomfriendafarbringsadistantlandnear.”海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰Wishingyouhappinesseveryday!

2AAChinesepoemsays,Wishingy翻譯歡迎光臨英對比與翻譯漢ThreeParts 1.Languagetransfer（語言遷移） 2.Linguisticcontrast（語言對比） 3.Contrastandtranslation

（對比與翻譯）3A翻譯歡迎光臨英對比與翻譯漢ThreeParts3A

PartOneLanguageTransferinFLLearning:InterferenceorFacilitation?外語學(xué)習(xí)中的語言遷移：干擾還是促進(jìn)？4APartOne4AWhatIsLanguageTransfer? Transferistheinfluenceresultingfromthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandanyotherlanguagethathasbeenpreviouslyacquired.Odlin(1989:27)

遷移是由于目標(biāo)語與已經(jīng)習(xí)得的語言之間的相似和差異而產(chǎn)生的影響。奧德林

5AWhatIsLanguageTransfer? TwoTypesofTransferNegativeTransfer (負(fù)遷移)Errorsarisefromanalogy. 類推會產(chǎn)生錯誤。PositiveTransfer （正遷移）Errorsdecreasebyanalysis. 分析能減少錯誤。KeenawarenessofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagescanfacilitateFLlearning.

對兩種語言相似與相異點(diǎn)的敏銳意識能促進(jìn)外語學(xué)習(xí)。6ATwoTypesofTransferNegativeNegativeTransfer(負(fù)遷移):Interference(干擾)

Causes:analogicaluseofone’spriorknowledgeofthemothertongue母語先知結(jié)構(gòu)的類推運(yùn)用scantyknowledgeofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages對兩種語言的差異所知甚少unconsciousfallingbackonthemothertonguespeechhabit不自覺地回歸母語的言語習(xí)慣

Chinglish=Englishwords+Chinesestructure 漢語式英語=英語單詞+漢語結(jié)構(gòu)7ANegativeTransfer(負(fù)遷移):InterNativeLanguageTransferDoesExist.

母語遷移現(xiàn)象確實存在Theageofthelearner:around20 學(xué)習(xí)者的年齡：20上下Thelearningcontext：Chinese 學(xué)習(xí)的語境：漢語8ANativeLanguageTransferDoesExamplesofNegativeTransfer

Phonologicaltransfer(語音遷移)

Thesound/n/or/f/doesnotexistinsomeChinesedialectsand/l/or/h/servesasasubstitute. 在有些中國方言（如南京/閩南方言）中沒有輔音/n/或/f/，而用輔音/l/或/h/來替代。

1、這位作家喜歡晚上寫作。Thewriterlikeswritingatlight.

(night)

他不怕死。Hedoesnotheartodie.

(fear)

9AExamplesofNegativeTransferExamplesofNegativeTransferHeonlyeattwomealaday.

2、他一天只吃兩頓飯。Morphologicaltransfer（詞形遷移）NeithernounsnorverbshaveinflectionsinChinese. 在漢語中，名詞和動詞都沒有形態(tài)變化。

(eats)(meals)我去年到北京去了三次。IgotoBeijing3timelastyear.(went)(times)10AExamplesofNegativeTransferExamplesofNegativeTransferShanghaiissaidtohavethirty-threemillionpopulation.

3、據(jù)說上海有三千三百萬人口。

Collocationtransfer

(搭配遷移)Thenounrenkou,

the

Chineseequivalentof‘population’,canhaveanumericalpre-modifier.

Population的漢語對應(yīng)詞“人口”在漢語中可以用前置數(shù)詞來修飾。

Shanghaiissaidtohaveapopulationofthirty-threemillion.

Shanghaiissaidtohavethirty-threemillionpeople.

11AExamplesofNegativeTransferSExamplesofNegativeTransferMeasuresmustbetakentonarrowthegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.4、要采取措施縮小貧富差距。Wordordertransfer

(詞序遷移)

東南西北 或遲或早悲歡離合衣食住行廢寢忘食水陸交通饑寒交迫田徑項目生老病死

therichandthepoor

12AExamplesofNegativeTransferMExamplesofNegativeTransferHesuggestedmetoacceptthisoffer.

5、他建議我接受這個報價。Syntacticaltransfer(句型遷移)Theverbjianyi,theChineseequivalentof‘suggest’,canbeusedinVOCpatterninChinese. Suggest的漢語對應(yīng)詞“建議”在漢語中可以用“動詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。HesuggestedthatI(should)acceptthisoffer.

Hesuggestedmy(me)acceptingthisoffer.

13AExamplesofNegativeTransferHExamplesofNegativeTransfer6.--YourEnglishiswonderful.--Oh,no.MyEnglishisstillpoor.

Pragmatictransfer(語用遷移)

ThenegativereplytoacomplimentisconsideredinChineseasmodestandcourteous. 對贊揚(yáng)的否定回答在漢語中被視為謙虛有禮貌。--YourEnglishiswonderful.--Thankyou,butIstillhavealongwaytogobeforeIreallymasterit.14AExamplesofNegativeTransferTwoTypesofTransferNegativeTransfer

(負(fù)遷移)Errorsarisefromanalogy.類推會產(chǎn)生錯誤。PositiveTransfer（正遷移）Errorsdecreasebyanalysis.分析能減少錯誤。Wecouldturnnegativetransfer(interference)intopositive(facilitation)bymakinganalysisondifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagesandarousethelearner’sawarenessofavoidingorreducingerrorsfromanalogy.我們可以通過分析兩種語言的差異，提高學(xué)生避免或減少類推錯誤的意識，把負(fù)遷移（干擾）轉(zhuǎn)化為正遷移（促進(jìn)）。15ATwoTypesofTransferNegative

PartTwoAContrastiveStudyofEnglishandChinese英漢語對比研究16APartTwo16ADifferenceBetween

ComparativeStudyandContrastiveStudy

ComparativeStudylaysemphasisonthesimilaritiesbetweenlanguagesandappliesthediachronicmethodofresearch.

比較研究著重尋找語言間的相似點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用歷時的研究方法。

ContrastiveStudylaysemphasisonthedifferencesbetweenlanguagesandappliesthesynchronicmethodofresearch.

對比研究著重尋找語言間的不同點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用共時的研究方法。17ADifferenceBetween

Comparative語義型與形態(tài)型18A語義型與形態(tài)型18APleasetranslatethefollowing:不要人云亦云。Don’tsaywhatothershavesaid.這件事，你做也好，他做也罷，我看誰都做不好。Whetheryoudothematterorhedoesit,I’mafraidneitherwilldoitwell.支農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策不斷加強(qiáng)。Policieswereconstantlystrengthenedtosupportandbenefitagriculture.必須采取措施在石油資源耗盡之前開發(fā)新能源。Measuresmustbetakentodevelopnewenergyresourcesbeforepetroleumresourcesareusedup.19APleasetranslatethefollowingPleasetranslatethefollowing:你再不起床，我要掀被子了。Ifyoushouldrefusetogetup,Iwouldpulloffyourquilt.本·拉登不死，美國就不會停止對他的追殺。IfbinLadenhadn’tdied,theUSwouldn’thavestoppedhuntingforhim.20APleasetranslatethefollowingPleasecomparetheunderlinedwords:不要人云亦云。這件事，你做也好，他做也罷，我看誰都做不好。支農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策不斷加強(qiáng)。必須采取措施在石油耗盡之前開發(fā)新能源。你再不起床，我要掀被子了。本·拉登不死，美國就不會停止對他的追殺。Don’tsaywhatothershavesaid.Whetheryoudoitorhedoesit,I’mafraidneitherwilldoitwell.Policieswereconstantlystrengthenedtosupportandbenefitagriculture.Measuresmustbetakentodevelopnewenergyresourcesbeforepetroleumareusedup.Ifyoushouldrefusetogetup,Iwouldpulloffyourquilt.IfbinLadenhadn’tdied,theUSwouldn’thavestoppedhuntingforhim.Tense（時態(tài)）Voice（語態(tài)）Mood（語氣）21APleasecomparetheunderlinedLackinginflectioninthestrictsense 缺少嚴(yán)格意義的形態(tài)變化老師們、同學(xué)們認(rèn)真的態(tài)度、 認(rèn)真地學(xué)習(xí)Retainingsomeinflections保留一些形態(tài)變化v.（動詞）:tense,aspect,voice,moodn.（名詞）:number,case,genderpron.（代詞）:person,gender,case,numberadj.（形容詞）:degreead.（副詞）:degreeChineseEnglish22ALackinginflectioninthestri病來如山倒，病去如抽絲。Sicknesscomeslikeanavalanche,butgoeslikereelingsilk.Iwon’tgosolongashedoes.他去我不去。人無遠(yuǎn)慮，必有近憂。他人老心不老。Althoughhehasagedphysically,heremainsyoungatheart.Ifonehasnolong-termconsiderations,hewillfindtroubleathisdoorstep.我來他已去。HehadleftwhenIarrived.(Condition條件)(Contrast,Opposition對照、轉(zhuǎn)折)(TimeOrder時間先后)(Concession讓步)23A病來如山倒，SicknesscomeslikeanaContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChinese語義型語言(以意統(tǒng)形)Meaning-focusedwithemphasisonimplicitcoherence(隱性連貫)English形態(tài)型語言(以形馭意)Form-focusedwithemphasisonexplicitcohesion（顯性聯(lián)接）24AContrastBetweenEnglishandC翻譯歡迎光臨AnotherMajorDifference

Lookatthesentencestructuresofthetwolanguagesfromanotherperspective.25A翻譯歡迎光臨AnotherMajorDifferenceLookatthesentencestructuresofthetwolanguagesfromanotherperspective:*我的小孫子他很調(diào)皮。Mylittlegrandsonisverynaughty.*彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫。Thecolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.*那輛破車，你早該把它淘汰了。Youshouldhavethrownawaytheclunker.Theclunkershouldhavebeenthrownaway.*英語這門語言，學(xué)會它可不容易。ItisbynomeanseasytolearntheEnglishlanguage.26ALookatthesentencestructureComparethesentencestructuresofthetwolanguages:我的小孫子他很調(diào)皮。彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫。那輛破車，你早該把它淘汰了。英語這門語言，學(xué)會它可不容易。Mylittlegrandsonisverynaughty.Thecolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.Youshouldhavethrownawaytheclunker.ItisbynomeanseasytolearntheEnglishlanguage.ChineseStructure:Topic-Comment話題-評論EnglishStructure:Subject-Predicate主語-謂語27AComparethesentencestructureContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseTopic-prominentLanguage話題突出型語言Topic-CommentSentenceStructure（話題-評論結(jié)構(gòu)）EnglishSubject-prominentLanguage主語突出型語言Subject-PredicateSentenceStructure

（主語-謂語結(jié)構(gòu)）28AContrastBetweenEnglishandC波浪型與樹枝型29A波浪型與樹枝型29AChinese:wave-likediscoursestructure（漢語的波式語段結(jié)構(gòu)）漢語的語段結(jié)構(gòu)猶如大海的波浪，流瀉自由，似分似合，可斷可連，主謂難辨，形散神聚。開始我和母親是不讓父親抽煙的，得了絕癥后，想開了，抽吧，揀好的買，想抽就抽。30AChinese:wave-likediscourses開始我和母親是不讓父親抽煙的，得了絕癥后，想開了，抽吧，揀好的買，想抽就抽。

AtfirstMotherandIwouldn’tletFathersmoke.After()contractedthefataldisease,()thoughtdifferently.()Just()smoke,()buythebestcigarettes,()smokewhenever()likedto.

AtfirstMotherandIwouldn’tletFathersmoke.After(Father)contractedthefataldisease,(we)thoughtdifferently.(Wewould)Just(lethim)smoke,(andwewould)buythebestcigarettes,(andlethim)smokewhenever(he)likedto.Chinese:wave-likediscoursestructure（漢語的波式語段結(jié)構(gòu)）31A開始我和母親是不讓父親抽煙的，得了絕癥Rhythmicspeechorwritingislikewavesofthesea,movingonwardwithalternatingriseandfall,connectedyetseparated,likebutdifferent,suggestiveofsomelaw,toocomplexforanalysisorstatement,controllingtherelationsbetweenwaveandwave,wavesandsea,phraseandphrase,phrasesandspeech.

H.W.Fowler(1858–1933):32ARhythmicspeechorwritH.W.Fowler(1858–1933):

節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)的語言或文字（指漢語），浪峰、浪谷似分似合，彼此相像，又各不相同；隱含著某些規(guī)律，但卻過于復(fù)雜，難以分析或表述；這些規(guī)律規(guī)范著波浪與波浪、波浪與大海、詞組與詞組、詞組與語段之間的各種關(guān)系。

33AH.W.Fowler(1858–1933):Chinese:wave-likediscoursestructure（漢語的波式語段結(jié)構(gòu)）王力（1984）指出，“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是法治的，中國語言是人治的?！眳问逑妫?979）說，“漢語口語里有特多流水句，一個小句接一個小句，很多地方可斷可連。”34AChinese:wave-likediscoursesEnglish:tree-likesentencestructure

（英語的樹式句子結(jié)構(gòu)）英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)好似一棵大樹，樹干、樹枝、分枝、樹葉互相連接，結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，形式規(guī)范。主謂必須一致，構(gòu)成樹干；定語、狀語等其余成分均為枝葉，由連接詞語與樹干相連，形成一棵完整的大樹。35AEnglish:tree-likesentencestEnglish:tree-likesentencestructure

（英語的樹式句子結(jié)構(gòu)）Branchesandsub-branches:AdverbialsandattributesTrunkline:S+V+(O)36AEnglish:tree-likesentencestEnglish:tree-likesentencestructure

（英語的樹式句子結(jié)構(gòu)）

Asanationofgiftedpeoplewhocompriseaboutone-fourthofthetotalpopulationoftheearth,Chinaplaysinworldaffairsarolethatcanonlygrowmoreimportantintheyearsahead. --JimmyCarter

Branchesandsub-branches:AdverbialsandattributesTrunkline:S+V+(O)

Asanationofgiftedpeoplewhocompriseaboutone-fourthofthetotalpopulationoftheearth,Chinaplays

inworldaffairs

arole

thatcanonlygrowmoreimportantintheyearsahead. --JimmyCarter

Asanationofgiftedpeoplewhocompriseaboutone-fourthofthetotalpopulationoftheearth,Chinaplaysinworldaffairsarolethatcanonlygrowmoreimportantintheyearsahead.

--JimmyCarter

37AEnglish:tree-likesentencestContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChinesewave-likediscoursestructure（波式結(jié)構(gòu)）

withdifferentsectionsriseandfallfreelylikewaveswithoutregularrulesEnglishtree-likesentencestructure

（樹式結(jié)構(gòu)）withdifferentpartsconnectedcloselylikebranchesandsub-branchestothetrunkline38AContrastBetweenEnglishandC語序固定與語序靈活的差異39A語序固定與語序靈活的差異39AChineseOrderofLinguisticElements

漢語語序（1）

Relativelyfixed（相對固定）Orderoftime（時間先后順序）Words:古今、先后、早晚、始終、老少、生死Idioms:冬去春來、一呼百應(yīng)、風(fēng)平浪靜Phrases:進(jìn)城賣菜、離家出走、去教室看書Sentences:我們在美國讀書的時候，結(jié)識了一位木匠。有一天，木匠開車接我們?nèi)ニ?，路上所談，盡是木匠的事，深得其樂……40AChineseOrderofLinguisticElChineseOrderofLinguisticElements

漢語語序（2）Orderofspace（空間大小順序）Words:大小、寬窄、粗細(xì)、長短、厚薄、胖瘦Idioms:大同小異、長話短說、厚古薄今Addresses:中國上海閔行區(qū)江川路690號Sentences:一到上海，我們首先想到浦東這片改革、開放的熱土。于是我們駕車來到陸家嘴金融開發(fā)區(qū)，那節(jié)次鱗比、神態(tài)各異的摩天大樓令人眼花繚亂。我們決定先登上東方明珠廣播電視塔……41AChineseOrderofLinguisticElChineseOrderofLinguisticElements

漢語語序（3）Orderofimportance（重輕順序）Words:天地、日月、國家、君臣、優(yōu)劣、強(qiáng)弱Idioms:國破家亡、天久地長、優(yōu)勝劣汰、恃強(qiáng)凌弱、一人得道，雞犬升天Phrases:紅色的圓木桌、圓形的紅木桌、木制的紅圓桌Sentences:我用這把刀切肉。這把刀我用來切肉。切肉我用這把刀。42AChineseOrderofLinguisticElChineseOrderofLinguisticElements

漢語語序（4）Orderoflogic<cause-effect,condition-result>（邏輯順序：因果，條件-結(jié)果）志同道合，友誼才會持久。名不正則言不順，言不順則事不成。天下雨，運(yùn)動會延期了。他愛睡懶覺，考試難過關(guān)。43AChineseOrderofLinguisticElEnglishOrderofLinguisticElements

英語語序Relativelyflexibleorder（語序相對靈活）resultingfromtheuseofinflectionsandconnectivestheRussianpeople,thepeopleofRussia,thepeoplelivinginRussia,thepeoplewholiveinRussiaanimportanteventaneventofimportancePhrases:44AEnglishOrderofLinguisticElEnglishOrderofLinguisticElements

英語語序志同道合，友誼才會持久。Friendshipwilllastonlyifitisbasedonacommongoal.Onlyiffriendshipisbasedonacommongoal,itwilllast.天下雨，運(yùn)動會延期了。Thesportsmeetwaspostponedbecauseofrain.Becauseofrain,thesportsmeetwaspostponed.Relativelyflexibleorder（語序相對靈活）resultingfromtheuseofflectionsandconnectivesSentences:45AEnglishOrderofLinguisticElPleasecompare:

我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。WesawmanysignsofoccupationwhilestrollingalongastreetpastamajorconcentrationofthehutsnotfarawayfromtheCentralAvenue.PayattentiontoChineseorderoftimeandspace.

我們看到很多住人的跡象，當(dāng)漫步街頭走過一個很大的棚戶集中地，離中央大道不遠(yuǎn)。

我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。

我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。46APleasecompare:我們漫步街頭，在中央大道ContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseOrderoflinguisticelements:relativelyfixedlikebamboo-making（制竹）

（語序相對固定）EnglishOrderoflinguisticelements:relativelyflexiblelikeblock-building（積木）（語序相對靈活）47AContrastBetweenEnglishandC獅子型與孔雀型48A獅子型與孔雀型48AChinese:left-extending,

heavy-headedlikealion樹 一棵樹一棵大樹一棵枝繁葉茂的大樹校園里一棵枝繁葉茂的大樹海事大學(xué)校園里一棵枝繁葉茂的大樹臨港新城海事大學(xué)校園里一棵枝繁葉茂的大樹

……49AChinese:left-extending,

heavLimitedleft-extendingstructure

青島是一座氣候宜人、風(fēng)景秀麗、建筑風(fēng)格多樣、令人流連忘返的海濱城市。

青島是一座海濱城市，這里氣候宜人，風(fēng)景秀麗，建筑風(fēng)格多樣，令人流連忘返。50ALimitedleft-extendingstructuEnglish:right-extending

heavy-tailedlikeapeacockThisisthecat.Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat.Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethemalt.Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethemaltthatlayinthehouse.ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethemaltthatlayinthehousethatwasbuiltbyJack.…51AEnglish:right-extending

heavyContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseChinese:left-extending,

heavy-headedlikealion(limitedlyso)獅子型語言EnglishEnglish:right-extending

heavy-tailedlikeapeacock(almostunlimitedlyso)孔雀型語言52AContrastBetweenEnglishandC流動與固定53A流動與固定53AEnglish:fixedpointofsight

（視點(diǎn)固定）“我會揍你的?！薄安唬悴粫?。”“是的，我會的?！薄安?，你不會的?！薄拔視摹！薄澳悴粫摹！薄皶　薄安粫?！”“Icanlickyou.”“No,youcan’t.”“Yes,Ican.”“No,youcan’t.”“Ican.”“youcan’t.”“Can!”“Can’t!”54AEnglish:fixedpointofsight

“Icanlickyou.”“No,youcan’t.”“Yes,Ican.”“No,youcan’t.”“Ican.”“youcan’t.”“Can!”“Can’t!”我要揍你。你敢！敢又怎么樣？那你就試試吧！試試？哼，你等著瞧！等著瞧？我才不怕呢！不怕，好，那你休想逃走。誰逃了？來呀，你揍??！Chinese:movingpointofsight

（視點(diǎn)流動）55A“Icanlickyou.”我要揍你。Chinese:我要揍你。你敢！敢又怎么樣？那你就試試吧！試試？哼，你等著瞧！等著瞧？我才不怕呢！不怕，好，那你休想逃走。誰逃了？來呀，你揍?。　癐canlickyou.”“No,youcan’t.”“Yes,Ican.”“No,youcan’t.”“Ican.”“youcan’t.”“Can!”“Can’t!”Pleasecompare:56A我要揍你。“Icanlickyou.”Pleaseccancancancancan’tcan’tcan’tcan’t揍敢試瞧怕逃57Acancancancancan’tcan’tcan’tcanPleasecompare:“Tomdidn’tgotoschooltoday,didhe?”askedthemother.“No,hedidn’t,”Marysaid.“湯姆今天沒去上學(xué)，是嗎？”母親問?！安?，他沒去?！爆旣愓f。“是的，他沒去。”瑪麗說。58APleasecompare:“Tomdidn’tgoContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChinesemovingpointofsight（視點(diǎn)流動）Englishfixedpointofsight（視點(diǎn)固定）59AContrastBetweenEnglishandC

SixMajorDifferencesBetweenEnglishandChinese英漢六大差異60ASixMajorDifferences60AContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseMeaning-focusedwithemphasisonimplicitcoherence(隱性連貫)Paratactic語義型語言(以意統(tǒng)形)EnglishForm-focusedwithemphasisonexplicitcohesion（顯性聯(lián)接）Hypotactic形態(tài)型語言(以形馭意)61AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseTopic-CommentSentenceStructure（話題-評論結(jié)構(gòu)）EnglishSubject-PredicateSentenceStructure

（主語-謂語結(jié)構(gòu)）Topic-prominentLanguage話題突出型語言Subject-prominentLanguage主語突出型語言62AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChinesewave-likediscoursestructure（波式結(jié)構(gòu)）

withdifferentsectionsriseandfallfreelylikewaveswithoutregularrulesEnglishtree-likesentencestructure

（樹式結(jié)構(gòu)）withdifferentpartsconnectedcloselylikebranchesandsub-branchestothetrunkline63AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseOrderoflinguisticelements:relativelyfixedlikebamboo-making（制竹）

（語序相對固定）EnglishOrderoflinguisticelements:relativelyflexiblelikeblock-building（積木）（語序相對靈活）64AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChineseChinese:left-extending,

heavy-headedlikealion獅子型語言EnglishEnglish:right-extending

heavy-tailedlikeapeacock孔雀型語言65AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChinesemovingpointofsight（視點(diǎn)流動）Englishfixedpointofsight（視點(diǎn)固定）66AContrastBetweenEnglishandC

PartThreeContrastandTranslation對比與翻譯Enlightenmentontranslationfromthecontrastbetweenthetwolanguages從兩種語言的對比中獲得的有關(guān)翻譯的啟示67APartThreeEnlightenmentontr

請翻譯并作對比分析Pleasetranslateandmakecontrastiveanalysis.68A68AContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseAstonishmentandevenhorroroppressedhim.Excitementdeprivedmeofallpowerofutterance.Thesightofthebigtreealwaysremindsmeofmychildhood.他感到驚訝甚至恐懼。

我興奮得什么話都說不出來。我一看到那棵大樹就回想起童年的情景。Difference1English:Impersonal(物稱)Chinese:Personal(人稱)69AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseTheyarepaidforthis.Thedifficultieshavebeenovercome,andtheproblemsolved.TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Whyshouldalltheseunpleasantjobsbepushedontome?他們拿錢就是干這事的。（他們干這事是有償?shù)?。）困難克服了，問題也解決了。乒乓球運(yùn)動風(fēng)靡全中國。為什么總要把這些麻煩事推給我？Difference2English:Passive(被動)Chinese:Active(主動)70AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseIfyouhaveanyproblems,sheisagoodlistener.Thereisacryingneedforanewremedy.Itwasonlymycapacityforhardworkthatsavedmefromearlydismissal.如果你有麻煩事，她會傾聽你訴說?，F(xiàn)在急需想出新法子來補(bǔ)救。要不是我能干重活，早就給辭退了。Difference3English:Static(靜態(tài))Chinese:Dynamic(動態(tài))71AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseItisadvisedthatthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromthelecturetheatrelastSundayputitbackifhedoesnotwishtogetintotrouble.上星期日有人看到某人在演講廳取走雨傘一把，取傘者如不愿卷入糾紛，勸他還是將傘放回原處為好。Difference4English:？Chinese:？72AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChinese2.Theimageoftherollingwatercarryingthemanandhiscarawayinaninstantisstillimprintedonmymind.頃刻之間，滾滾的濁水連人帶車一古腦兒都給沖走了。這情景，直到現(xiàn)在還印在我的腦海里。Difference4English:Complex(繁復(fù))Chinese:Simple(簡明)73AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseLiKuangwasouthuntingonetimewhenhespiedarockinthegrasswhichhemistookforatiger.Heshotanarrowattherockandhititwithsuchforcethatthetipofthearrowembeddeditselfintherock.Later,whenhediscoveredthatitwasarock,hetriedshootingatitagain,buthewasunabletopierceitasecondtime. BurtonWatson廣出獵，見草中石，以為虎而射之，中石，沒鏃，視之，石也，因復(fù)更射之，終不能復(fù)入石矣。

《史記》Difference4English:Complex(繁復(fù))Chinese:Simple(簡明)74AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseTheydiscussedgreatnessandexcellence.Theireccentricityoftenmakesyoufrown.Westeppedontothemysteriouslandwithcautionanduneasiness.他他們探討了偉大和優(yōu)秀的涵義。他們的古怪行為常常令人皺眉。我們懷著謹(jǐn)慎和不安的心情踏上了那片神秘的國土。Difference5English:Abstract(抽象）Chinese:Concrete（具體）75AContrastBetweenEnglishandCHowtomakeabstractideasconcrete?1.Byaddingcategorywordschaosstabilityjealousyflexibilitydecisivenesslightheartedness

混亂狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定局面妒忌心理靈活姿態(tài)果斷作風(fēng)輕松心情76AHowtomakeabstractideasconHowtomakeabstractideasconcrete?2.ByusingfiguresofspeechArdentloyalty 赤膽忠心Totalexhaustion 筋疲力盡Withgreateagerness 如饑似渴Feedonfancies 畫餅充饑77AHowtomakeabstractideasconContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseHewaitedforherarrivalwithafrenziedagitation.Theywalkedallthewaytothecityinastateofalmostutterdestitution.Theirspeechesaremereimpertinence.他等著她來，急得像熱鍋上的螞蟻。他們一路步行到這個城市，幾乎身無分文。他們的發(fā)言只是些風(fēng)馬牛不相及的胡扯。Difference5English:Abstract(抽象）Chinese:Concrete（具體）

78AContrastBetweenEnglishandCContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseIfyoudon’tseeit,youwon’tbelieve,butonceyoudo,you’llmakeupyourmind.2.AsTomhasfailedtocomeduetohissuddenill