Grammar1/64非謂語動詞

2/64非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞指分詞、不定式和動名詞。它們在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，不受主語人稱和數(shù)限制，可充當(dāng)除謂語外各種句子成份,否定副詞位于非謂語動詞之前3/64不定式作賓語1.只能用動詞不定式做賓語Afford,agree,ask,attempt,choose,determine,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,happen,intend,manage,pretend,prepare,promise,plan,refuse,tend,wish,4/642.動詞+賓語（形式賓語it）+賓補(bǔ)動詞有：Consider,make,find,think,feel,believe,judgeEg.Hefoundithardtolearnmaths.Ithinkitourdutytorespecttheelder.5/64動名詞短語（介詞+v.ing）帶介詞to短語+v.ingContributeto,getdownto,keepto,leadto,lookforwardto,turnto,stickto,devoteoneselfto,adjustto,objectto,adaptto,beusedto,beaccustomedto6/64分詞Fallingleaves/fallenleavesBoilingwater/boiledwater過去分詞動詞：see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,keepIhadmytoothexaminedinthehospital.Youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.7/64Havehavesb.dosth.使某人做某事havesth.done使某事被（他人）做havesb./sth.doing使某人、某事一直做E.g.Theteachershavethestudentsreadaloudeverymorning.Ihadmyhaircut.Theboyhadthedogjumping.8/64有些動詞mean,remember,forget,regret,try,stop后跟不定式或動名詞意思不一樣。meantodo想要remembertodo記住（要做某事）meandoing意味著rememberdoing記得（做過某事） trytodo努力（做某事）forgettodo忘記（要做事）trydoing試著（做某事）forgetdoing忘記（已做事）stoptodo停下來做另一件事stopdoing停頓做某事regrettodo（對將要做某事）遺憾regretdoing（對做過事）后悔9/641)While

thesun,thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionbitsofinformationbacktoearth.(CET4:1994.1)A.havingorbitedB.beingorbitedC.havingbeenorbited D.orbiting2)

theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.(CET4:1996.6)A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.BelievedD.Beingbelieved

10/643)Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen

.(CET4:1995.1)A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded4)Thespeaker,

forhersplendidspeeches,waswarmlyreceivedbytheaudience.(CET4:1991.6)A.havingknownB.beingknownC.knowingD.known5)

intothehospital,shewasaskedafewquestionsbythedoctor.A.BeingwheeledB.HavingwheeledC.HavingwheelingD.Wheeling11/646.While____inLondon,theyoungengineerpickedupsomeEnglish.A.stayingB.stayC.stayedD.tostay7.Thefatherwasdelightedtohearthechild____that.A.tosayB.tohavesaidC.sayD.said8.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Idon’tlike____inthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating12/649)Iamthinkingaboutwhetherthisproblemisworth

.A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussingD.todiscuss10)Theywereforced

theirmotherland.A.leavingB.toleaveC.havingleftD.tohaveleft11）Thereisnopoint

arguingwithhim.A.in B.forC.withD.of13/6412)Ittookmethreeyears

thisresearch.A.tocompleteB.completingC.tohavecompletedD.havingcompleted13)Hehadhissister

hispaperforhim.A.totypeB.tohavetypedC.typingD.type14)Markoftenattemptstoescape

wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tohavebeenfinedC.tobefinedD.beingfined14/6415)Theabilitytospeakseverallanguagesenableshim

_________agoodjob.A.togetB.gettingC.tohavegotD.havinggot16)Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate

____fromyousometime.A.tohaveheardB.tohearC.forhearing D.hearing17)Hewasmade

thetruthatlast.aA.totellB.tellingC.beingtoldD.havingtold18)Theyareconsidering

beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse15/64獨(dú)立主格16/64分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)/獨(dú)立主格1)Heremainedinthehospitalforthreemonths,thecompanypayingallhisexpenses.2)Thechildrushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.3)Thestudentshavingdonealltheexercises,theteacherwentontoexplainthetext.4)Somanypeoplebeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.5)Allthingsconsidered,hisarticleisofgreatervaluethanyours.17/64獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時也能夠用with或without引導(dǎo)

1)With

hertakingcareofhim,youhavenothingtoworryabout.2)With

allfactorsconsidered,thisplanmaybebetterthanallothers.3)With

fiveminutestogobeforethetrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.18/641)Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper

itclosely.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2)Allflights

becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled3)Allthings

,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidered4)Thedecision

,whatweshoulddonowistocarryitout.A.beenmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havingbeenmadeD.havingbeenmaking19/645)Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggs

carefullyinherhands.A.tobeheldB.heldC.wereheldD.holding6)Hepromisedtokeepmewell

ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.A.tobeinformedB.oninformingC.informingD.informed7)WhenIcaughthim

Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating8)Don’tgetyourschedule

;staywithusinthisclass.A.tochangeB.changingC.changedD.change9)IntheUnitedStates,theChinesemaketheirinfluence

________inscience.A.feelingB.feltC.feelD.tobefelt20/6410．Ifoundmydaughterquite＿＿＿indrawing．

A．interestedB．interestC．interestingD．tointerest

11．Hehadhisleg＿＿＿inthefootballmatchyesterday．

A．tobreakB．brokenC．breakD．breaking

12．Ifyouhaveabookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair＿＿＿againstyourface．

A．movingB．movedC．bemovedD．tomove

13．Withthejob＿＿＿,theywenttothecinema．

A．doingB．doC．todoD．done

21/64時態(tài)語態(tài)22/64時態(tài)

普通時態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)現(xiàn)在do is/amdoinghasdone hasbeendoingdoes are have have過去didwas/weredoinghaddone haddone未來willdowillbedoingwillhavedonewillhavebeendoing過去未來

23/64語態(tài)主動語態(tài)v.被動語態(tài)be+v.ed進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài):be+being+v.edThebridgeisnowbeingbuilt.完成時被動語態(tài)：havebeen+v.edThebridgehasbeenbuilt.完成進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)：have+been+v.ingThebridgehasbeenbuilding.24/641.He____alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.A.havealreadylearntB.alreadylearntC.hadalreadylearntD.wouldhavealreadylearnt2.Ifyou_____smokinganddrinking,yourhealthwillimprovesoon.A.gaveupB.giveupC.havegivenupD.willgiveup3.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention___tothechoiceofwordsandstyleofwriting.A.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidD.willhavebeenpaid25/644.Thepolicemanstoppedthedriverandfoundthathe____.A.drinksB.hasdrunkC.isdrinkingD.haddrunk5.shedidin’treceivetheapplicationform;it_____tothewrongaddress.A.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsent6.Bythistimenextyearmyfamily____inthissmalltownfor20years.A.havelivedB.hadlivedC.willhavelivedD.willlive26/64代詞1.Itis_____whoistoblame.A.he B.him C.himself D.I2.Therearethreemen:oneisblind,___isdeaf,and____islame.A.theformer…thelatterB.another…thelatterC.another…thethirdD.theother…another3.ThecustomsofNorthChinaaredifferentfrom___.A.theSouth B.thatoftheSouthC.thoseoftheSouthD.whatoftheSouth4.I,who______oneofyoursincerefriends,willtrymybesttohelpyououtofthistrouble.A.isB.beC.areD.am27/64虛擬語氣28/64虛擬語氣1.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday.ButIdowishI____there.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.am2.Itisimportantthatthecommittee____abouttheprojectatonce.A.willbeinformedB.beinformedC.isinformedD.beinginformed3.Lookattheclock.It’stime____work.A.westartedB.we’llstartC.we’restartingD.wehavestarted29/644.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Copper___uphisexperimentatonce.A.gaveB.wouldgiveC.giveD.hadgiven5.IfI____somuchcoffeeyesterdayafternoon,Iwouldhavebeenabletosleepwelllastnight.A.didnotdrinkB.havenotdrunkC.hadnotdrunkD.drank30/64復(fù)合句31/64復(fù)合句1.Thepoliceaskedthevillagersifitwastheplace_____theyfoundthelostchild.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where2.OnApril1sttheyflewtoBeijing,____theystayedseveraldays.A.whenB.whatC.thereD.where3.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,___aredoctors.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhomC.bothwhoD.theyboth32/644.WeweretalkingabouttheAmericantourist_____wemetduringourtriptotheGreatWall.A.whatB.whichC.whoseD.whom5.Fewpeople____appliedforthepositionmeettherequirementsofthecompany.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.whose6.______thepopulatioistoolarge,thegovernmenthastotakemeasurestocontrolthebirthrate.A.AlthoughB.SinceC.IfD.Until33/647.Don’tworry._____youworkhard,youaresuretopasstheexam.A.AsmuchasB.AswellasC.AssoonasD.Aslongas8.The_____proposalisconsidered,theworseitappears.A.carefullyB.muchcarefullyC.mostcarefullyD.morecarefully9.Themachinewillcontinuetomakemuchnoise____wehaveitrepaired.A.whenB.becauseC.ifD.unless10.Davidhas_____muchworktodothatheisstayinglateathisoffice.A.suchB.soC.veryD.enough34/64倒裝與強(qiáng)調(diào)35/64倒裝1)Notuntiltheyearof1954

madethecapitalofthecountry.A.thecitywasB.wasthecityC.whenthecitywasD.waswhenthecity2)

thedoctorrightaway,hemightbealivenow.A.ShouldhehavegonetoB.IfhewenttoC.WerehegotoD.Hadhegoneto3)Solittle

aboutthistheorythatthelecturewastotallybeyondme.A.didIknowB.IknewC.IhadknownD.hadIknown4)Bynomeans

createordestroyenergy.A.wecanB.wecan’tC.canweD.shallwe5)Onlyafterhehaslearnedthisskill

tooperatethemachine.A.hebeganB.didhebeginC.willhebeginD.musthebegin36/64強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1)Itwasthecolorofthematerial

hewassurprisedat.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.what2)Itwasnotuntilhearrivedtherailwaystation

herealizedhehadlefthistickethome.A.beforeB.sinceC.whenD.that3)Youarequitewrong.He

likethecity.A.canB.hasC.shouldD.does4)Itis

heisdetermined.A.buyinganewcarthatB.tobuyanewcarthatC.tobuyanewcarwhatD.buyinganewcarwhich37/64倒裝與強(qiáng)調(diào)1.Seldom_____mybossinsuchagoodmoodsinceIcametoworkinthiscompany.A.IsawB.IhaveseenC.haveIseenD.doIsee2.Soloudly____thattheaudienceinthebackheardhimclearly.A.doeshespeakB.didhespeakC.hespeaksD.hespoke38/643.Never____suchagooddoctorbeforeIcametothishospital.A.doImeetB.hadImetC.ImetD.Ihadmet4.ItwasinChina____theagreementwassigned.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what5.Hardly______gatheredinthesquarewhenitbegantorain.A.wehadB.weC.hadweB.didwe39/64主謂一致

40/64一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.Thenumberofaccidentsinthiscity____increased.cA.wasB.wereC.hasD.have2.Thesingeranddancer____theeveningparty.bA.aretoattendB.istoattendC.weretoattendD.isattended3.AllbutSamandme___goingtotheexhibitionthisevening.aA.areB.isC.amD.be4.Notonlytheflowersbutalsothevase____gone.bA.areB.wasC.beD.were41/645．Thewounded＿＿＿＿goodcareofherenow．

A．istakenB．a(chǎn)rebeingtakenC．a(chǎn)retakingD．isbeingtaken

6．Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,＿burntlastnight．

A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wereD．was7．Allbuthimandme＿＿＿＿tothecinema．

A．a(chǎn)regoingB．isgoingC．wasgoingD．hasgoing8．ThepopulationofChina＿＿＿＿largerthanthatoftheUSA．

A．willbeB．a(chǎn)reC．isD．was

42/64綜合練習(xí)InAmerica43/64綜合練習(xí)1.IfIhadhurried,I_______theplane.

A.couldcatch B.wouldcatch C.shouldcatch D.wouldhavecaught

2.Intheboy'sroom_______abedandtwochairs.

A.thereare B.thereis C.therehave D.therehas

3._______awonderfulphotoyoutook!

A.What B.HowC.Whatis D.Howis

4."Ilovetoswiminsummer"."__________".

A.SoIdo B.Idotoo C.SodoI D.SuchdoI

5.Sheregrettedpaying________forthebookcase.

A.twiceasmuch B.astwicemuch C.muchastwice D.asmuchtwice

44/646.Heissaid_________twotripstoBeijinginthelasttenyears.

A.tomake B.tohavemade C.tohavebeenmaking D.tobemaking

7.______isbelieving.

A.Seeing B.SeenC.TobeseeingD.Tosee

8.BothwhatIsayand______areright.

A.mythoughts B.whatIthink C.whatIthough D.mythinking

9.Eithercoffeeor_______isfinewithme.

A.drinkingteaB.drinkteaC.todrinkteaD.tea

10.IwasJane________boughtadictionaryfromasecond-handbookstoreyesterday.

A.who B.whichC.thatD.whom

11.Seldom_______thisroadflooded.

A.haveIseen B.Ihaveseen C.Isaw D.Ihadseen

45/6412.Underhisarm_______agreatalbum.

A.washecarrying B.hewascarrying C.didhecarry D.hadhecarried

13.________Ilikeaboutherisherliveliness.

A.That B.HowC.What D.Which

14.Ihopeshewillmake_______progressasyou.

A.asso B.asmuchC.muchas D.soas

15.Iftherain______,we'llbeabletogotothezoo.

A.stops B.stop C.willstopD.isstopping

16.Hadyouworkedharderatcollege,you_______abetterjob.

A.couldget B.couldhavegotC.wouldget D.wouldhavegot

17.Sheworks______shewerewell-trained.

A.like B.likelyC.asif D.seem

46/6418.________Ishouldfailagain,Iwillnotgiveuptheexperiment.

A.EvensoB.AlthoughC.EvenifD.Though

19.Thedirectorswillmeettomorrow,________thescheduleischanged.

A.if B.but C.unless D.or

20.Hegaveup_______onmedicaladvice.

A.smoking B.tosmokeC.smoke D.tobeingsmoke

47/64Writing48/64Writing作文類型：提要作文和圖表作文

英語作文總體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

提升作文能力49/64提要作文寫作題目標(biāo)寫作指導(dǎo)（Directions）包含兩個基本要素：1）標(biāo)題；2）提要寫作提要均給出了三個基本項(xiàng)：1）Present

situation／state（問題提出）；2）Reasons／...（對與問題相關(guān)原因討論）；3）My

comments／suggestions（問題處理）。

提要作文是把提要各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)信息擴(kuò)展充實(shí)而謀篇成文

50/64圖表作文指導(dǎo)中僅對短文提出了二至三項(xiàng)要求。而這些要求則類似提要，故這類作文往往能夠按照所給要求自然分段。圖表作文還給有不一樣形式圖表或圖畫，且圖表又多配有數(shù)據(jù)或說明。審慎解讀圖表，準(zhǔn)確把握圖表傳遞信息，將其擴(kuò)展成文。

51/64英語作文總體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

總體評分（Global

Scoring）閱卷人員就是憑對文章總體印象和總體表示效果給分，而不是按語法、詞匯、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等錯誤累計(jì)數(shù)目多少來扣分。這表明作文是就內(nèi)容和語言兩方面給分。

52/641.內(nèi)容切題：不能走題、偏題。

2.表示清楚：要讓他人知道你想說什么，不要用你認(rèn)為能看懂漢語式英文句子，比如：He

would

help

you

in

no

word．（他幫你簡直沒話說。）It

would

not

say

he

was

not

hard．（這并不是說他不刻苦。）這么英語句子只能讓閱卷人員捧腹大笑，然后給你“溫柔一刀”（降低作文檔次）。

53/643.意義連貫：中英文化差異造成思維方式和文字表述方式不一樣，英文表述更重視事實(shí)，所以寫英語作文不要過多進(jìn)行心理、環(huán)境描寫，100個字作文結(jié)構(gòu)要縝密，理由和例子要簡練有力，說明問題，不要東拉西扯。

54/644.句法多變：為防止文章平淡、呆板，可使用不一樣句式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、否定句等等，比如：Scienceandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly,

whichprovidesstudentswithvariouswaystoknowabouttheworld.Itismoneythathelpsimprovethequalityofourlife.Onlyinthiswaycanweachievegreatersuccess.55/645.語言正確：不要犯低級錯誤。標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用：,.大小寫：假如在句首用動詞開頭，要用ing形式。*Takeapart-timejobishelpfulforcollegestudents.Therebe*Nowadays,therearemanypeoplewanttostudyabroad.低級語法和拼寫錯誤。比如：Iis...

*Heusuallyreadextensivelytogetavarietyofinformation.*Thatwasn’taturestory.少用Because避開使用wish,改用hope56/64模仿掌握一些通行英語作文模式，再舉一反三。比如，分析原因是當(dāng)前考研作文最常見寫作部分，請看下面分析原因段落通行寫作模式：

There

are

some

possible

reasons

for

the

present

situation．（主題句）First，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．（第一點(diǎn)原因）Second，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．（第二點(diǎn)原因）Finally，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．（第三點(diǎn)原因）As

a

result，＿＿＿＿．（主題句重申或深化）

這種寫作模式給人一個條理清楚、邏輯縝密感覺。

57/64提升作文第一就是你要有一個中心，第二，講道理，第三，你舉一個例子。要靠學(xué)、靠背，另外一個主要方面是靠練。要把過去近5年考試作文試題練一遍，然后能夠選擇一些比較新題目寫。重視套句積累，形成自己背誦模板。假如以為功底不是太好，我提議你最好用經(jīng)典例子。比如：雷鋒58/64Dearfellowstudents,

Iamgratefulthatyouoffermethechancespeakhere.Iamimpressedbythespeechesofthepreviouscandidates.Yet,Iwanttoprovemyselfbetterforthepostofchairman.

Firstofall,Ihaveapleasantpersonality.LastyearIwasthedormdirectorofourbuildingandImanagedtogetalongwithallthestudentswell.IhaveacquiredworkingexperienceandcommunicationskillswhichIconsiderasthemostessentialforthecoordinatorofthewholestudentunion.

Secondly,Iamalwaysreadytocreate.Atpresentourunionisverywellorganized.Howeverouractivityscheduleisslightlymotonous.Iamwillingtoaddsomevividelementsintoitinordertomakeourcampuslifemoreenjoyable. IfIamelectedthechairman,IpromiseIwillbecomeyourvoiceandbuildthestudentunionintoabridgebetweenthestudentsandtheuniversity. Iamyourbestchoice,voteforme,voteforyourself,thankyou!59/64

Hello,everyone.IbelieveIamthebestchoiceofthepostofchairmanofthestudentunion.

First,Ihavetheabilitywhichisnessarytothepostofchairmanofthestudentunion.IhavebeenmonitorofourclasssinceIcametothisschool.Inthepastyears,Iworkedverywellonthepost.Second,Ihavemanyinterests.Forexample,Iplaybasketballandfootballverywell.Mytennisisgoodtoo.Third,Ihavealotoffriends.Almosteveryonelikesme. IfIwerechosentobethechairmanofthestudentunion,Iwillworkfortheneedofthestudents.Iwilltelltheschoolwhatwestudentsreallyneedandwhatwedon’twant. Ibelieve,Iamthebestchoiceforthepostofchairmanofstudentunion.Thankyou!60/64LadiesandGentlemen,alltheschoolmatesandteachers: Iwillelecttothepostofchairmanofthestudentsunion.ThereasonsImakethisdecisionisthatI’mdesiretodomorethingsforyou.Apparently,onlywishesarenotavailable.I’llmakeyoubelive