初三英語(yǔ)Module2~4PassiveVoice(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))一、英語(yǔ)的兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(activevoice)(主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者) Ecleanmyroomeveryday.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passivevoice) (主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者)Myroomiscleanedeveryday.二、 什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.當(dāng)不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Paperismadefromwood.Threebridgeshavebeenbuilt(bytheworkers)since1988.(試比較：Theworkershavebuiltthreebridgessince1988.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)))三、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：am/is/are+done(過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted，andwe'rereadytostart.am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．was/weredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.hadbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)例Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted.was/werebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.shall/willbedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.should/wouldbedone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.shall/willhavebeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)(少用)例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.should/wouldhavebeendone過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)(少用)例Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1） 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2） 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為:Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3） 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為:Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4） 在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為:Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5） 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”，“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等，可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)）。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.五、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況。1．不及物動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)有如下動(dòng)詞：takeplace（發(fā)生），happen（發(fā)生），comeabout（發(fā)生），breakout（爆發(fā)），appear（出現(xiàn)），disappear（消失），last（持續(xù)），arise（出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生），belongto（屬于）。2．有些靜態(tài)及物動(dòng)詞，如have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等。他有一臺(tái)電腦。正：Hehasacomputer.誤：Acomputerishadbyhim.他當(dāng)時(shí)正在洗澡。正：Hewastakingabath.誤：Abathwasbeinghadbyhim.我的鞋不適合。正：Myshoesdon'tfitme.誤：Iamnotfittedbymyshoes.這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正：Thepianocosther6000dollars.誤：Shewascosther6000dollars.誤：6000dollarswascosther.這件衣服他穿很合適。正：Thecoatsuitshimverywell.誤：Heiswellsuitedbythecoat.賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞、相互代詞、同源賓語(yǔ)、不定式、v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，都不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：ItaughtmyselfFrench.我自學(xué)法語(yǔ)。（誤：MyselfwastaughtFrench.）Theyloveeachother.他們相愛(ài)。（誤：Eachotherisloved.）Weliveahappylife.我們過(guò)著幸福的生活。（誤：Ahappyislivedbyus.）Shelikestoswim.她喜歡游泳。（誤：Toswimislikedbyher.）六.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)1） .謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞。（特點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)通常是物，且有著某種內(nèi)在的特點(diǎn)。句子簡(jiǎn)短，且一定有副詞。）egl：Theflowerslookbeautiful.eg2：Whathesaidsoundsreasonable.eg3：Therosessmellsweet.eg4：Themedicinetastesbitter.eg5：Theclothfeelssoft.eg6：Thedoorblewopen.2） .一些vi主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,tear,etc.Somesilkswashwell.Thepenwritessmoothly.Thepoemreadsfluently（流利地）.Theshoeswearwell（很耐穿）.Thepapertearseasily.Theplayswon'tact.Hisnovelsdon'tsell.Thedoorwon'topen.Influenzausuallybreaksoutinwinter.流感通常發(fā)生在冬季。Usethismoneywhentheneedarises.有需要時(shí)就使用這筆錢(qián)。3） .英語(yǔ)中的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如have,lack,fit,hold,suit,resemble等）通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Myshoesdon'tfit我的鞋不合適。Theyoungmanlacksexperience.這個(gè)年輕人缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。4） .某些日常用語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Thedinneriscooking.Thecakesarebaking（烘烤）.Thebookisprinting.Hepaidallthatwasowing（欠的錢(qián)他都還了）.Practicemakesperfect1）?英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)題附答案 anewlibrary inourschoollastyear?Is，builtB.Was,builtC.Does;buildD.Did;buildAnaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happenedCotton inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.Sofar,themoon bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisitedAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.givesAlotofthings bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedoneThedoctor foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent--When___thiskindofcomputers ?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;usedWho thisbook ?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;writtenMary showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.askstoAstory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldusThemonkeywasseen offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump13.Olderpeople well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistenedInsomepartoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedItwasreportedthatthemurderer arrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.hadDoyouthinkthatthebridge inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompletedGreatchanges inChinasincethePeople'sRepublicofChina in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedatDoctors ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneedIpromisethatmatterwill .A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareofNopermissionhas foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begivenI tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgivenCansuchathing happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromAnewhouse atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuildingThisbike lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenboughtDidyouseethehousethat byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyedIt whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.isn'tdecidingC.doesn'tdecide D.hasn'tdecidedThepen me.Itishers.A.isn'tbelongto B.wasn'tbelongtoC.doesn'tbelongtoD.didn'tbelongtoIcan'tusemybikebecauseit .A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairingThechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself .A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．-Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It forweeks.A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleanedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted—Howlong atthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?— .A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakewasdestroyingthemTheydestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakedestroyedthemThisisTed'sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskillingRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology sorapidly.A.schangingB.haschanged.willhavechangedD.willchangeHundredsofjobs ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willloseAnewcinema here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)題1)Itissaidthatanewrobot byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesigned D)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm bythetimewegettothecinema.

A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstartedShewillstopshowingoffifnonotice ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastakenDiamond inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)---“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?” “Notyet.Theroom .”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpaintedMypictures untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedevelopedTim sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployedAgreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities since1949.A)hasbeenestablish B)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablished D)hadbeenestablishedI'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefined B)willbefinedC)willbeingfined10)“ twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturA)wouldbefined B)willbefinedC)willbeingfined10)“ twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)Ihavebeengiven C)Iamgiven11)Thesubjectoftheselectures bythelecturecommittee.A)isannounced B)havebeenannounced C)areannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.D)willhavebeenfinedD)TheyhavegiventomeD)hasbeenannouncedA)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)isA)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)isThegoods whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloaded D)werejustbeingunloadedIfone bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomes B)isovercomeC)hasbeenovercomeD)overcomeMostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeenYououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmellingAftertherace ,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwonHewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe now.A)is B)was C)hadbeenD)hasbeenTheyoungteacherhas competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeingPluto,theouterplanetofthesolarsystem, photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscoveredTogetabetterviewofthestage, .A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyusAftersynthetic ,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreatedIthinkmuchattention yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidtoSince1970,millionsofenthusiasts VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedy(治療)thecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentakingIdon'tremember thechancetotrythismethod.A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)havinggivenD)tohavegivenWecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit .A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknownTheconstructionofthelaboratory bytheendofnextmonth.\A)mustbecompleted B)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompleting D)willhavebeencompletingTheywouldtellhowtheAfrican onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbrought C)hadbeenbrought D)wastobebroughtHedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelongingNegotiation againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopened B)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopen D)opensThereasonforallthechangesbeingmade tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplainedExperimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)