碩士英語綜合教程1（參考答案）Unit1LowCarbonEconomyTextACreatingaLowCarbonEconomy2.Vocabularyb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)D(5)B(6)C(7)A(8)D(9)C(10)D3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)embraced(2)spedup(3)runningout(4)urgency(5)initiative(6)specific(7)designated(8)contribute(9)incorporate(10)hampering(11)reward(12)involved(13)adverse(14)adaptive(15)vulnerability(16)alternative(17)context(18)dueto(19)compensation(20)scheduled4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Bendingundertheweightofthepacks,sweating,theyclimbedsteadilyinthepineforestthatcoveredthemountainside.(2)Concentratingontimepassing,aswedowhenbored,willtriggerbrainactivitywhichwillmakeitseemasthoughtheclockistickingmoreslowly.(3)UnemploymentshotupinFranceduringthesecondquarter,andthecountry’stopfinanceofficialsaidthesituationwillcontinuetoaggravateevenifaglobaleconomicrecoverygatherspace.ItwastheworstquarterlyunemploymentinFrancesinceearly2006.(4)Associalpracticecontinuestodevelop,weshouldkeeprenewingourideasandmakeinnovationscourageouslyinlightofpracticalneeds.(5)Bicyclesareregardedasaneconomicalalternativetobuseswhosefareshaveincreased3timesinthepastfewyears.(6)TheU.S.governmenthascalledonpeopletosavewaterbecausethescarcityofwaterhasbecomeasourceofglobaltensionecologically,economicallyandpolitically.(7)Inordertobearecognizedleaderintheindustry,it’sessentialforacompanytoimproveproductionqualityandtaptheoverseasmarketthroughthehelpofstateofthearttechnologiesandequipment.(8)IfyouarethinkingaboutcomingtoBritainforChristmas,itmightbeagoodideatothinkagain.That’sbecausethousandsofChristmastravelershavebeenstrandedintheUKasadverseweatherconditionscausedmassivedisruptiontothetransportinfrastructure.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.Scientistssaythewarmingoftheplanetwillbegradual,butthatextremeweathereventswillincreaseinfrequencyandintensity.Theysaytheeffectsofmorestorms,floods,droughtsandheatwaveswillbeabruptandprofound.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystheeffectsofsocalledclimatesensitivediseasesalreadyarekillingmillionsofpeople.Climatechangeisaglobalphenomenon.Whilenocountrywillbeexempt,shesaysitsconsequenceswillnotbeevenlydistributed.TheWHOchiefsayspoorcountriesthatalreadyarestrugglingwithhugeproblemswillbemostaffected.Fragilehealthsystemsinthedevelopingworldwillcomeunderincreasedstress.Theywillhavegreatdifficultycopingwiththeincreasedburdenofdiseaseandotherhealthproblems.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.很多權(quán)威的氣候?qū)W家們都曾發(fā)出過這樣的警告:如果我們現(xiàn)在的溫度超過工業(yè)化前2攝氏度(3.6華氏度)的話,我們將會邁進(jìn)一個危險的未知國度。沒有人能知道到底全球變暖達(dá)到多少度會變得無法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、颶風(fēng)以及熱浪等自然災(zāi)害的逐漸惡化,造成諸如格陵蘭島或西南極洲大冰原坍塌以及伴隨的全球海平面上升等意外的災(zāi)難性變化。但是我們還依然在我們唯一的家身上不斷做著危險而又不受約束的嘗試,這也是為什么越來越多的年輕人開始將氣候變化視為他們這一代人的一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。2)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)雙方相信,應(yīng)對氣候變化應(yīng)該尊重發(fā)展中國家把經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展作為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng),并相信向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型是促進(jìn)所有國家經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的機(jī)會。(2)中美雙方?jīng)Q心根據(jù)各自國情采取重要減緩行動,并認(rèn)識到兩國在促成加強(qiáng)世界應(yīng)對氣候變化能力的可持續(xù)成果方面具有重要作用。雙方?jīng)Q心支持這些承諾。(3)在此背景下,雙方致力于在哥本哈根會議達(dá)成最終的法律協(xié)議,同時相信,在共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則和各自能力的基礎(chǔ)上,達(dá)成的成果應(yīng)包括發(fā)達(dá)國家的減排目標(biāo)和發(fā)展中國家的國內(nèi)適當(dāng)減緩行動。(4)基于中美兩國在電動汽車領(lǐng)域的巨大投資,兩國政府宣布在十幾個城市開展聯(lián)合示范項(xiàng)目,并努力開發(fā)共同的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以推動此產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)?？焖僭鲩L。(5)通過該伙伴關(guān)系,兩國將就大規(guī)模利用風(fēng)能、太陽能、先進(jìn)生物燃料和現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)制定路線,在設(shè)計和執(zhí)行實(shí)現(xiàn)這一遠(yuǎn)景所需的政策和技術(shù)手段方面進(jìn)行合作。TextBLivingaLowCarbonLifestyleKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)perilously(2)inharmonywith(3)tricky(4)nurture(5)makeadifference(6)insulated(7)deplete(8)stepback(9)sustain(10)bywayofb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)moreefficient,kinder,fair,aboveallsustainable(2)keepyoucomfortable,makelifeeasier,dothethingsyouwanttodo(3)simplifythemeterreadingprocess,easyandenlightening,fun(4)arelinedandnotcoveringradiators(5)comingon,warmenough,you’renotheatingrooms(6)findabalancebetweentheactionswecando,havingtocompromiseonourqualityoflife(7)forthestrictlynecessaryamountoftime,hot/warmfood(8)thecurtains,thedoorsbetweenrooms(9)reducingourenergyconsumption,travellingmoreefficiently(10)easilyreusedandrecycled,withthelowestpackagingc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)T(2)F(3)T(4)F(5)F(6)F(7)T(8)F(9)T(10)F(2)thetransformativemoment(3)“theworld’sfirstcyborg”(4)currentsingularitarianinchief,inventorRayKurzweil(5)genetics,nanotechnologyandrobotics(6)Thesenseofimminenceandimmediacy(7)notjustlanguagebutcomplexabstractions(8)anythingbeingdangerousorsentient(9)peoplewerescaredofthesemachines(10)cryonicsuspensionc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.T(2)F(3)T(4)F(5)F(6)F(7)T(8)T(9)T(10)Funit6Urban

Life

Text

A

How

the

City

Hurts

Your

Brain,

and

What

You

Can

Do

about

It

→III.

Key

to

the

Exercises

1.

Reading

Comprehension

a.

Choose

the

sentence

that

best

expresses

the

meaning

of

the

statement

from

the

text.

(1)

C(2)

A(3)

B(4)

B(5)

C

b.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

information

you?ve

learned

in

the

text.

(1)

the

city

has

always

been

an

engine

of

intellectual

life;

it

is

not

easy

to

live

in

the

city

because

it

spreads

terrible

diseases

and

is

far

away

from

nature

with

considerable

pressures

(2)

it

forces

our

brain

to

take

energy

and

effort

to

monitor

every

potential

threat

on

the

busy

and

noisy

streets

and

constantly

redirects

our

attention,

which

exploits

one

of

the

crucial

weak

spots

of

the

brain

(3)

natural

settings

are

full

of

objects

that

automatically

capture

our

attention

without

triggering

a

negative

emotional

response

and

thus

our

brain

which

directs

attention

can

relax

deeply

and

replenish

itself

(4)

the

brain

is

assaulted

with

temptations

and

resisting

these

temptations

requires

the

brain

to

use

the

part

of

it

that

is

responsible

for

directed

attention,

which

means

that

it?s

already

been

exhausted

by

walking

around

the

city

and

then

will

fail

to

exert

selfcontrol

(5)

they

are

the

centers

of

social

activities

that

largely

lead

to

urban

creativity

as

strangers

interact

with

each

other

in

unpredictable

ways

2.

Vocabulary

a.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

correct

form

of

the

words

or

phrases

you

have

learned

in

the

text.

(1)

overlooking(2)

migrations(3)

thoroughfare(4)

layout(5)

hectic

(6)

wellspring(7)

corollary(8)

undiluted(9)

myriad(10)

vibrant

b.

Choose

the

word

or

phrase

that

is

closest

in

meaning

to

the

underlined

one.

(1)

B(2)

B(3)

A(4)

D(5)

C(6)

D(7)

A(8)

A(9)

B(10)

D

3.

Cloze

Choose

an

appropriate

word

or

phrase

from

the

following

list

to

fill

in

each

of

the

following

blanks.

Each

one

can

be

used

only

ONCE.

Change

the

form

where

necessary.

(1)

control(2)

otherwise(3)

revenue(4)

neighboring(5)

announced

(6)

crossroads(7)

taking(8)

imposing(9)

maximize(10)

prosperity

(11)

rather(12)

though(13)

accomplish(14)

making(15)

pave

(16)

gradually(17)

sparing(18)

Under(19)

instead(20)

lower

4.

Translation

a.

Chinese

to

English

1)

Translate

the

following

sentences

into

English.

(1)

There

are

a

lot

more

wonderful

and

exciting

things

waiting

for

you

in

New

Beijing,

a

dynamic

modern

metropolis

with

3,000

years

of

cultural

and

historical

treasures

woven

into

the

urban

prosperity.

(2)

He

is

such

an

enthusiastic

football

fan

that

he

tends

to

hold

forth

on

his

favorite

team

whenever

it

is

mentioned.

(3)

The

educational

system

has

to

be

able

to

outfit

the

young

generation

with

necessary

knowledge,

attitudes

and

values

that

would

ensure

they

are

in

time

for

the

new

age

in

which

there

might

be

no

jobs

but

only

opportunities.

(4)

The

anxious

mother

searched

high

and

low

for

her

missing

son,

only

to

find

him

sleeping

sound

in

the

mess

of

toys

in

his

own

bedroom.

(5)

In

order

to

find

better

detection

and

treatment,

the

hospital

will

actively

cooperate

with

a

local

research

institute

to

look

for

genetic

markers

that

correlate

with

this

chronic

disease.

(6)

The

accounting

system

of

an

enterprise

consists

of

the

methods,

procedures,

and

devices

used

by

an

economic

entity

to

keep

track

of

its

financial

activities

and

to

summarize

these

activities.

(7)

When

she

graduated

from

college,

Cindy

decided

to

go

back

to

work

in

the

orphanage

where

she

had

been

brought

up,

because

her

heart

was

overstuffed

with

gratitude

and

warmth

for

those

who

had

generously

helped

her

in

her

growth

and

she

wanted

to

be

like

them

also

to

give

help

to

the

kids

who

had

lost

their

parents.

(8)

NASA

planned

to

splurge

on

the

feasibility

of

the

project

of

sending

astronauts

to

Mars

and

having

them

settle

down

on

it.

2)

Translate

the

following

paragraph

into

English.

Expo

2010

Shanghai

is

the

first

Expo

held

by

a

developing

country,

the

first

held

in

the

downtown

area

of

a

megacity,

and

it

was

held

under

the

shadow

of

the

international

financial

crisis.

This

is

a

severe

test

to

China

and

Shanghai

.

Over

the

past

eight

years,

we

mobilized

resources

throughout

the

country

and

pooled

the

wisdom

of

the

world

in

the

preparation

for

the

Expo.

The

people

of

Shanghai

,

in

particular,

made

selfless

contributions

and

the

International

Exhibitions

Bureau

and

host

countries

of

past

Expos

provided

valuable

guidance.

The

success

of

the

Expo

could

not

have

been

possible

without

the

tireless

efforts

of

many

people,

including

the

organizers,

construction

workers,

staff

members,

visitors

and

volunteers.

It

is

theirsincerity,

wisdom

and

hard

work

that

have

rendered

splendor

to

the

Expo.

On

behalf

of

the

Chinese

government,

I

wish

to

express

heartfelt

gratitude

and

pay

high

tribute

to

all

the

comrades

and

friends

who

have

participated

in,

supported

and

contributed

to

the

Shanghai

Expo.

b.

English

to

Chinese

1)

Translate

the

following

paragraph

into

Chinese.

然而,這些大草原式的公園實(shí)際上對大腦并無多少益處。在最近發(fā)表的一篇論文中,昆士蘭大學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)家理查德?富勒發(fā)現(xiàn),綠色空間的心理效益與植物種類的多樣性密切相關(guān)。如果一個城市公園中樹木的品種較多,則在這里呆過的受試者在各種心理健康測試中的得分都較高,至少與其在生物多樣性較少的公園呆過后相比是這樣?！拔覀兎浅?dān)憂城市化對于其他物種的影響,”富勒說?！暗俏覀?nèi)祟愐彩艿搅擞绊?。綠色空間能讓我們放松、休息,這就是對其進(jìn)行投資的重要原因?！?/p>

2)

Read

the

following

passage

carefully

and

translate

the

underlined

sentences

into

Chinese.

(1)

二月份在位于東69號大街附近風(fēng)景如畫的公園人行道上,一棵美國榆樹的樹干斷落,造成一名46歲的布魯克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的積雪使之不堪重負(fù)。

(2)

“除非把城市中的每一棵樹都砍倒,否則無法保證樹干脫落的情況不會發(fā)生,”市長在新聞發(fā)布會上說道。

(3)

為了減少意外事故的危險,位于中央公園的25000棵樹木受到定期檢查、修剪——這一任務(wù)落在了“中央公園保護(hù)組織”身上,這是一個私人的非營利性組織,承擔(dān)公園大部分的日常維護(hù)、經(jīng)營和預(yù)算任務(wù)。

(4)

紐約市五百二十萬棵樹木的其它部分由城市公園管理部負(fù)責(zé)維護(hù),該部門2009年處理了8500個有關(guān)危險樹枝的報告,伐除已死亡或存在潛在危險的樹干、樹枝。

(5)

布魯伯格2007年宣布,作為改善公共衛(wèi)生及環(huán)境方案的一部分,未來十年還要在紐約再種植一百萬棵樹木,因此這些數(shù)字還有可能增長。

Text

B

The

New

Age

Cavemen

and

the

City

Key

to

the

Exercises

a.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.

Change

the

form

where

necessary.

(1)

indisputable(2)

are

replicated(3)

communal(4)

solitary(5)

aspiring

(6)

misdemeanor(7)

intermittently(8)

jaunty(9)

indigenous(10)

hardcore

b.

Complete

the

sentences

with

the

information

given

in

the

text.

(1)

spook

a

female

guest

(2)

that

were

unavailable

(3)

sprinting

and

jumping

(4)

allaround

physically

fit

men

(5)

a

reference

standard

(6)

a

challenging

environment

(7)

“huntergatherer”

(8)

various

hardships

(9)

scowled

at

a

tomato

plant

(10)

a

regain

of

the

fortitude

c.

Decide

whether

the

statement

is

TRUE

or

FALSE

according

to

the

text.

(1)

F(2)

F(3)

F(4)

T(5)

T(6)

F(7)

F(8)

T(9)

T(10)

T

Unit7MassMediaTextAATVCriticinthePostTVWorld→III.KeytotheExercises1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)B(2)C(3)B(4)A(5)Ab.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)downloadingTVtoavoidads,Netflixingseriestowatchtheminonebigmarathon,enjoyingtheconvenienceorportability,cuttingthecableorsatellitebillstosavemoneyinhardtimes,usingonlinevideoasabackup(2)youexperiencedabroadcastexactlywhenandhowmillionsofothersdid:youdiditathome,withfriendsorfamily,infrontofastationarymachineinadedicatedroom,preferablywithsnackchips;TVbroadcastshavebecomerawmaterialtobeorganizedandeditedinacollectiveonlinecanonforyoutoviewonlinewheneverandwherever(3)fivetosevenminutesseemtobethesweetspotforawebisode,ifavideodoesn’tgrabhimimmediately,hekillsit;ifashowdoesengagehim,theconnectionisdeeperbecausehewillfocusonitphysicallyandmentally(4)findingashowonlineismorelikerummagingthroughanewandusedbookstore;likereading,viewingonlineTVissolitarybecauseyoudon’tgatherthefamilyaroundyou;whenviewingonlineTV,youholdascreeninyourhand,balancealaptoporsitatadesk.Likeholdingabookwhilereading,there’sasmallbutconstanteffort,thetiniestbitofphysicalfeedback(5)thedifferencesbetweenbigscreenandtinyscreen;whetherthestoryshownonthescreencanbegoodenoughtotouchhisemotionandtolingerandreplayinsidehishead2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)piracy(2)budget(3)whir(4)animation(5)stationary(6)tactile(7)faucet(8)lush(9)rummage(10)premiereb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C(5)B(6)A(7)A(8)D(9)C(10)B3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)where(2)with(3)multitude(4)promote(5)possible(6)without(7)become(8)notorious(9)Only(10)consisted(11)primarily(12)multiple(13)increasingly(14)focus(15)dominated(16)as(17)controversial(18)While(19)influence(20)perspectives4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)NowpeopleinTibetarehighlyconsciousoftheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals,andtheoncerampanthuntingofTibetanantelopeshasbeenbroughtundercontrol.(2)Thejournalisthadbeentravelingalotlately—toIcelandtointerviewthefamousactressthere;toHollywoodfortheOscars—buthewasstingywithdetails.(3)Weshouldadheretothepolicyofexpandingdomesticdemand,continuetoimplementtheproactivefiscalpolicyandprudentmonetarypolicy,andensureadoublepulleffectoneconomicgrowthfrombothconsumptiondemandandinvestmentdemand.(4)TheemployeesoftheHumanResourceDepartmenthavetosiftthroughverycarefullytheapplicationformsthatjustcameinthismorningtoseparatethewheatfromthechaff.(5)Makingitsdebutin1994,Friendsanditscastofeasygoingsinglepeoplecaughtonwithviewerslookingforanescapefromthefastpaced1990s.(6)OnthenewPocketPCs,theinterfacelooksmorelikePalm’s,completewithlargericonsandfewerpulldownmenus.(7)Overthenextfiveyears,hecontinuedtoevolvehisownuniquemusicalstyle—astylethatwouldbecomethetemplateforawholenewmusicalgenre.(8)WhatIlovemostistoarriveinaplaceIhaveneverbeenbeforeandimmersemyselfinanewcultureandenvironment—toexperiencefirsthandwhatIthoughtIknew,butwhichturnsouttobemuchmoreinterestingandsurprisingonceyouarethere.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.JournalistsandTVpeople,weknow,aresupposedtorecordwhatgoeson;butintryingtogetthebestrecordtheycan,theymaysometimesseemamazinglycoldblooded.Someoftheseediestofjournalists,whetherwe’retalkingabouttheMiddleEastorNorthernIreland,arethosewhopileonesetofadjectiveslikesqualid,butchering,oppressiveforterrorismofwhoseaimstheydisapprove,andquiteanothersetlikecommittedordedicatedforthesamethingdonebythosetheylike.Butthatisfarfromthewholeproblem.Peoplecomplainjournalistsnotbecausethattheybehavebadlyinthecourseofduty,butfortheirinabilitytorecoilintoahumanbeingwhenit’sover.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.像閱讀一樣,在線看電視是一項(xiàng)較為孤獨(dú)的活動。你不會把家人聚集在你的麥金塔電腦跟前看“超級碗”的比賽。然而在某些方面在線看電視又更具社會交往性。由于沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視收視指南可依靠——雖然一些剛起步的公司,如eG,正在朝這個方向努力——因此你的社會關(guān)系就成為了你的電視指南。那種促使人們定期收看電視節(jié)目的社交互動性,憑借手中的筆記本電腦,甚至?xí)兊酶又苯用芮?。?dāng)我收看《迷失》的時候,總是會急于在博客上發(fā)帖——一方面是想發(fā)表自己的看法,但更多是想看到別人“灌”的評論,想了解他們的看法。節(jié)目播完了,可好戲才剛剛上演。2)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)據(jù)說,PowerPoint正在將語篇簡化為點(diǎn)句。搜索引擎則降低了我們的智力,使我們只是浮光掠影般地接受知識而非追求知識的深度。(2)20世紀(jì)50年代,當(dāng)漫畫連環(huán)冊被指責(zé)將青少年變成不良分子時,當(dāng)時的犯罪率卻降到了歷史最低。同樣,與20世紀(jì)90年代對電視游戲的討伐相伴隨的是美國犯罪率的大幅下降。(3)我們不妨以科學(xué)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r來進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)要求高水平的腦力勞動,是否有新發(fā)現(xiàn)是其明確的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如今,科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)變得離不開電子郵件,幾乎不用紙張,沒有PowerPoint就沒法講課。(4)就像原始人認(rèn)為吃猛獸會使他們變得兇猛,媒體批評家們設(shè)想,觀看快速剪輯的搖滾視頻會把你的精神生活變成快速剪切,而閱讀點(diǎn)句和Twitter上的帖子會使你的思想簡化為要點(diǎn)和微博。(5)人們并非自然而然就可獲得深刻思考、徹底調(diào)查和嚴(yán)格論證這樣的習(xí)慣。這些習(xí)慣必須到我們稱為“大學(xué)”的特殊機(jī)構(gòu)習(xí)得,必須通過我們所謂“分析、批判和辯論”的不斷錘煉來維持。TextBWhatisMassMediaKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)mediation(2)bestow(3)deceptively(4)censorship(5)caterto(6)elite(7)prevalent(8)coincidewith(9)imperative(10)consensusb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)purpose,scope,culturalcontext(2)factsandinterpretationoffacts(3)newspapers,radio,computer(4)decidingwhattoreport(5)crime,disaster,conflict(6)hoisttheirplacards,startchanting(7)tightbudgetsandfiercecompetition(8)exertscontroloverthemedia(9)Technologicaladvances(10)stabilizingandcivilizingc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)F(5)T(6)T(7)F(8)F(9)F(10)FUnit9Car

Culture

Text

A

Cars—Paradise

Found

and

Paradise

Lost

→III.

Key

to

the

Exercises

1.

Reading

Comprehension

Choose

the

sentence

that

best

expresses

the

meaning

of

the

statement

from

the

text.

(1)

B(2)

C(3)

C(4)

A(5)

B

b.Fillin

the

blanks

with

the

information

you?ve

learned

in

the

text.

(1)

individualistic;

innovative

(2)

send

their

products

to

distant

markets;

the

demands

of

family

structure;

social

mobility;

the

outside

world;

convenient

services;

family

care

(3)

unbalanced

material

and

cultural;

inequality

(4)

the

improvement

in

car

design;

support

from

some

emerging

industries

(5)

the

influences

of

consumer

culture;

radical

and

economic

segregation

2.

Vocabulary

a.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

correct

form

of

the

words

or

phrases

you

have

learned

in

the

text.

(1)

perpetuate(2)

posed(3)

Skepticism(4)

stereotypical(5)

unflinching

(6)

Infatuation(7)

breadwinner(8)

cliché(9)

degradation(10)

avantgarde

b.

Choose

the

word

or

phrase

that

is

closest

in

meaning

to

the

underlined

one.

(1)

B(2)

A(3)

A(4)

D(5)

D(6)

D(7)

B(8)

A(9)

B(10)

D

3.

Cloze

Choose

an

appropriate

word

or

phrase

from

the

following

list

to

fill

in

each

of

the

following

blanks.

Each

one

can

be

used

only

ONCE.

Change

the

form

where

necessary.

(1)

expensive(2)

suggested(3)

In

the

face

of(4)

embodiment

(5)

unemployed

(6)risen(7)onceabandoned(8)

undergoing(9)

ultimate(10)

deeper

(11)

accessible(12)

dealt(13)

connections(14)

localised(15)

point

out

(16)

supermarket(17)

question(18)

dot(19)

isolated(20)

afford

4.

Translation

a.

Chinese

to

English

1)

Translate

the

following

sentences

into

English.

(1)

After

thirty

years’

experience

of

reform

and

openingup,

Chinese

people

have

come

to

realize

that

new

economy

and

globalization

have

become

an

unavoidable

fact

and

an

irreversible

trend.

(2)

This

hearttoheart

talk

between

the

two

countries

helped

to

eliminate

their

deepseated

misunderstanding,

and

appropriately

solve

their

trade

disputes,

thus

creating

a

winwin

situation.

(3)

There

was

such

an

outcry

when

the

Government

put

forward

its

proposals

that

it

was

forced

to

bow

before

the

storm

and

withdraw

them.

(4)

These

documents

reflect

the

central

authorities?

deep

understanding

of

the

important

position

and

ro1e

of

the

population

issue

and

their

firm

determination

to

take

comprehensive

measures

to

address

the

population

problem.

(5)

To

better

prepare

the

soil

for

planting

wheat,

the

farmers

had

their

field

churned

up

by

tractors.

(6)

Many

large

companies

outsource

their

Web

sites

to

hosting

companies

because

those

companies

offer

management

services,

taking

care

of

security,

updating

software

and

providing

sitemonitoring

services.

(7)

To

obtain

lasting

peace,

it

is

imperative

to

abandon

the

cold

war

mentality,

cultivate

a

new

concept

of

security

and

seek

a

new

way

to

safeguard

peace.

(8)

He

had

one

quite

reasonable

offer

for

his

used

car,

but

turned

it

down.

Then

he

could

find

no

taker

at

all.

He

learned

with

a

vengeance

that

a

bird

in

the

hand

is

worth

two

in

the

bush.

2)

Translate

the

following

paragraph

into

English.

Although

Henry

Ford?s

name

is

closely

associated

with

the

concept

of

mass

production,

he

should

receive

equal

credit

for

introducing

labor

practices

as

early

as

1913

that

would

be

considered

advanced

even

by

today?s

standards.

Safety

measures

were

improved,

and

the

work

day

was

reduced

to

eight

hours,

compared

with

the

tenor

twelvehour

day

common

at

the

time.

In

order

to

accommodate

the

shorter

work

day,

the

entire

factory

was

converted

from

two

to

three

shifts.

In

addition,

sick

leaves

as

well

as

improved

medical

care

for

those

injured

on

the

job

were

instituted.

The

Ford

Motor

Company

was

one

of

the

first

factories

to

develop

atechnical

school

to

train

specialized

skilled

laborers

and

an

English

language

school

for

immigrants.

Some

efforts

were

even

made

to

hire

the

handicapped

and

provide

jobs

for

former

convicts.

The

most

widely

acclaimed

innovation

was

the

fivedollaraday

minimum

wage

that

was

offered

in

order

to

recruit

and

retain

the

best

mechanics

and

to

discourage

the

growth

of

labor

unions.

b.

English

to

Chinese

1)

Translate

the

following

paragraph

into

Chinese.

汽車是20世紀(jì)最持久的自由象征之一,是現(xiàn)代生活中的佩加索斯,帶領(lǐng)人們一頭扎入未來的漩渦,也使得人們能夠遠(yuǎn)離生活中的種種煩愁。自從汽車誕生后,藝術(shù)家們抑或以它為主題抑或以它為目標(biāo),創(chuàng)造和延續(xù)一個又一個現(xiàn)代神話。然而,塞翁得馬,焉知非禍。飛馬佩加索斯在被英雄柏勒羅豐俘獲后幫助其完成了一件件偉大的功績,但當(dāng)它發(fā)現(xiàn)柏勒羅豐自我膨脹后就突然消失得無影無蹤。這難道不是對現(xiàn)代人類的一個警示嗎——爬得高,跌得狠。同樣地,汽車也給人類光明的前程埋下了巨大的隱患。

2)

Read

the

following

passage

carefully

and

translate

the

underlined

sentences

into

Chinese.

(1)

哪怕是瞄一眼那制作精美的固特異輪胎,摸一下那流線型的車體,看一眼那一對鼓出的前燈,都會使我們目瞪口呆,突然感覺到那匹灰色的母馬已不再是一匹普通的馬了。

(2)

過去的這些年里,我們離鬧市中心越來越遠(yuǎn),這就意味著我們必須把越來越多,甚至全部的時間耗在上下班的路上。

(3)

我從來沒有聽說過有人對著干衣機(jī)或洗碗機(jī)發(fā)火,更沒聽說過有人對著冰箱發(fā)火,因?yàn)槿藗冎肋@些東西是幫我們節(jié)省體力的,但汽車不但不幫我們節(jié)省體力,還反過來害得我們越來越辛苦。

(4)

人們對汽車的狂熱在慢慢地冷卻下來,也開始忘卻我們所欠汽車的債,但同時,這個尖頭的好事之徒卻不肯就此放過我們。生活在鬧市中心的我們雖然能僥幸一兩次躲過它尖頭的碰撞,但下一次卻不一定能那么快脫身。

(5)

人們又假借安全、控制排放、燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)的名義,把那個原本簡單精巧的車體變得越來越笨重,以至于到了不可思議的程度。

Text

B

The

Birth

of

the

American

Auto

Industry

Key

to

the

Exercises

a.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.

Change

the

form

where

necessary.

(1)

show

up(2)

compete

with(3)

collided

with(4)

franchise(5)

startling

(6)

intent(7)

contestant?s(8)

lose

out(9)

humiliate(10)

differential

b.

Complete

the

sentences

with

the

information

given

in

the

text.

(1)

fiasco,

delayed

(2)

horseless

carriages

(3)

Kohlstaat

(4)

team

of

horses,

ditch

(5)

covered,

unable

to

(6)

German

cars,

clear

(7)

fatigue

and

excitement,

finish

line

(8)

electric

or

steam

power

(9)

refused

to

believe

(10)

cold,

snowy

Detroit

streets

c.

Decide

whether

the

statement

is

TRUE

or

FALSE

according

to

the

text.

(1)

T(2)

F(3)

T(4)

F(5)

T(6)

F(7)

T(8)

F(9)

F(10)

FUnit11→III.

Key

to

the

Exercises

1.

Reading

Comprehension

a.

Choose

the

sentence

that

best

expresses

the

meaning

of

the

statement

from

the

text.

(1)

B(2)

C(3)

A(4)

C(5)

B

b.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

information

you?ve

learned

in

the

text.

(1)

introduce

the

present

situation

of

historic

heritage

sites

and

the

future

preservation

of

cultural

heritage

in

India

(2)

what

used

to

be

a

brick

tomb

fusing

Persian

and

Mughal

styles

that

somehow

contributed

to

the

design

of

the

famous

Taj

Mahal

a

century

later,

now

is

changed

into

a

toilet

(3)

the

most

famous

heritage

such

as

the

Taj

Mahal,

Hampi,

the

Sikh

Golden

temple,

the

fig

tree

at

Bodhgaya,

etc

(4)

financial

difficulties,

pollution

from

the

nearby

cities,

local

people?s

unawareness,

conflicts

between

religious

groups,

lacks

of

manpower

and

government?s

failure

to

implementing

responsibility

and

low

efficiency,

etc

(5)

the

government

has

realized

the

urgency

and

importance

of

protecting

historic

heritage

and

is

determined

to

take

measures,

pass

laws

and

make

policies;

conservationists,

such

as

Nalini

Thakur

and

her

followers,

are

devoted

to

making

their

contributions

2.

Vocabulary

a.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

correct

form

of

the

words

or

phrases

you

have

learned

in

the

text.

(1)

tilting(2)

concourse(3)

swarm(4)

afterthought(5)

evict

(6)

artifact(7)

grandiose(8)

orchard(9)

executed(10)

mural

b.

Choose

the

word

or

phrase

that

is

closest

in

meaning

to

the

underlined

one.

(1)

D(2)

A(3)

C(4)

B(5)

D(6)

A(7)

C(8)

B(9)

D(10)

C

3.

Cloze

Choose

an

appropriate

word

or

phrase

from

the

following

list

to

fill

in

each

of

the

following

blanks.

Each

one

can

be

used

only

ONCE.

Change

the

form

where

necessary.

(1)

tombs(2)

approximately(3)

that(4)

next(5)

respectively

(6)

various(7)

connecting(8)

to(9)

complex(10)

construction

(11)

spectacular(12)

took(13)

start(14)

down(15)

transported

(16)

argue(17)

by(18)

used(19)

labor(20)

lend

4.

Translation

a.

Chinese

to

English

1)

Translate

the

following

sentences

into

English.

(1)

Investigators

questioned

everyone

on

the

plane

and

carefully

examined

the

small

incendiary

device,

during

which

they

found

no

evidence

of

the

explosion

of

the

bomb.

(2)

Suzhou

is

famous

for

its

incomparably

exquisite

gardens,

and

Hangzhou

for

its

fascinating

scenery

around

the

West

Lake

.

(3)

When

they

excavated

the

mysterious

ancient

tomb,

the

archaeologists

were

distressed

to

see

the

historic

site

of

civilization,

which

was

built

over

2000

years

ago,

being

eaten

away

by

the

underground

moisture.

(4)

When

fear

overcomes

our

minds,

it

begins

to

seep

into

our

actions.

(5)

Each

time

a

city

building

is

erected,

the

green

grass

in

that

spot

and

trees

that

once

reached

up

to

the

sky

are

replaced

by

a

swath

of

tar

roof.

(6)

We

have

to

import

vast

quantities

of

raw

materials

before

we

can

convert

them

into

exports

and

ship

them

out

again.

(7)

The

state

makes

great

efforts

to

support

the

ethnic

minority

regions

in

developing

education,

and

has

set

aside

special

subsidies

and

funds

for

this

purpose.

(8)

When

your

computer

is

linked

to

one

of

these

machines,

the

virus

will

encroach

on

your

hard

disk

and

search

whether

the

accounting

software

is

installed.

2)

Translate

the

following

paragraph

into

English.

With

economic

globalizati