Unit15Learning晨起第一事背誦經(jīng)典句1．Educationcommencesatthemother'sknee,andeverywordspokenwithinthehearsayofchildrenaddstotheformationofcharacter.教育始于母親膝下，孩童耳聽一言一語，均影響其性格的形成。2．Wisemenlearnbyothermen'smistakes;foolsbytheirown.聰明人從別人的錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)；笨人則從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。3．ChinaiscommittedtofurtheropeningupitsMOOCresourcesandsharingitsqualityeducationresourceswithothercountriesandregions.中國致力于進(jìn)一步開放MOOC資源，與其他國家和地區(qū)共享優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源。4．Thevocationalskillscompetitionprovidesaplatformforworkerstodisplaytheirskillsandlearnfromeachother,andplaysapositiveroleinexpandingtheskilledworkforceandpromotingsocialandeconomicdevelopment.職業(yè)技能競賽為廣大技能人才提供了展示精湛技能、相互切磋技藝的平臺，對壯大技術(shù)工人隊伍、推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展具有積極作用。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心單詞)(1)suspect(vt.)懷疑→suspectable(adj.)可疑的，值得懷疑的(2)user(n.)使用者→use(vt.)使用，利用→useful(adj.)有用的→useless(adj.)無用的(3)instruct(vt.)指導(dǎo)，教導(dǎo)→instruction(n.)指示，教育，說明→instructional(adj.)教學(xué)的，教育的→instructive(adj.)富有教益的，教育性的(4)bury(vt.)埋葬(5)distinguish(vt.)區(qū)別，辨別→distinguishable(adj.)可區(qū)別的，可辨別的→distinguishing(adj.)有區(qū)別的→distinguished(adj.)卓越的，尊貴的(6)alternative(adj.)非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的；可供替代的→alternatively(adv.)(引出第二種選擇或可能的建議)要不；或者→alternation(n.)交替，輪流→alter(vt.)改變；變化(7)reputation(n.)名譽(yù)，名聲→reputable(adj.)聲譽(yù)好的，有聲望的(8)obey(vt.)服從，聽從(9)outstanding(adj.)優(yōu)秀的，杰出的→outstandingly(adv.)非常，極好(10)select(vt.)挑選；選舉→selected(adj.)挑選出來的→selection(n.)選擇，選舉→selective(adj.)選擇性的，選擇的→selectively(adv.)有選擇地，選擇性地(11)misunderstand(vt.)誤解→misunderstanding(n.)誤解(12)lack(vt.&n．)缺乏，沒有→lacking(adj.)缺乏的，不足的(13)drag(vt.)拉；拖→draggy(adj.)冗長乏味的(14)access(n.)機(jī)會，權(quán)利；入口，通路→accessible(adj.)易接近的；易于理解的→accessibly(adv.)可接近地；易受影響地(15)worthwhile(adj.)值得做的→worth(adj.)(同義詞)值得的，價值……的→worthy(adj.)(同義詞)值得的(16)acquire(vt.)得到，獲得→acquired(adj.)習(xí)得的，養(yǎng)成的→acquirement(n.)獲得，取得；學(xué)到的東西(17)thinking(n.)思考，考慮→think(vt.)思考，想→thinker(n.)思想家→thought(n.)想法(18)defence(n.)保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)→defend(vt.)保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)(19)ignore(vt.)忽視，不顧，不理睬→ignorance(n.)無知，愚昧(20)assumption(n.)假定，假設(shè)→assume(vt.)以為；認(rèn)為；假定為→assumed(adj.)假定的，假設(shè)的→assumptive(adj.)假設(shè)的(21)urge(vt.)力勸，強(qiáng)烈要求→urgent(adj.)緊急的，急迫的→urgently(adv.)緊急地(22)inspire(v.)啟發(fā)；鼓舞→inspired(adj.)卓越的；受鼓舞的→inspiration(n.)靈感(23)beneficial(adj.)有用的，有益的→benefit(vt.)有利于，有助于(n.)利益，好處(24)image(n.)印象；意象；形象→imagination(n.)想象力，空想→imaginative(adj.)想象的，幻想的(25)adapt(vt.)使適應(yīng)；改編→adaptable(adj.)可適應(yīng)的→adaptation(n.)適應(yīng)；改編版(26)appreciation(n.)欣賞，感激；鑒賞力→appreciate(vt.)欣賞；感激→appreciative(adj.)感激的；有欣賞力的Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(閱讀單詞)(1)spelling(n.)拼法→spell(vt.)拼寫(2)correction(n.)改進(jìn)，改正→correct(vt.)改正→correctional(adj.)改造的；懲治的→corrective(adj.)糾正的，改正的(3)simplify(vt.)簡化→simplification(n.)簡單化，單純化→simple(adj.)簡單的→simply(adv.)簡單地(4)blank(adj.)空白的(5)throat(n.)咽喉，喉嚨(6)status(n.)現(xiàn)狀；社會地位(7)punishment(n.)懲罰，處罰→punish(vt.)處罰，懲罰(8)loose(adj.)寬松的；放縱的→loosely(adv.)輕率地；不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)亍鷏oosen(vt.)松開，解開(9)pace(n.)速度，步速→paced(adj.)步伐的，步調(diào)的(10)reflect(vt.)反映；反射→reflected(adj.)反射的→reflection(n.)反射，沉思(11)pour(vt.)倒，灌(12)flame(n.)火焰，火舌(vi.)燃燒，起火(13)fellow(n.)同伴(14)rank(n.)職銜(15)religion(n.)宗教→religious(adj.)宗教的；虔誠的→religiously(adv.)篤信地；虔敬地(16)civilisation(n.)文明→civilise(vt.)使文明，使開化→civilised(adj.)文明的(17)vital(adj.)極其重要的→significant(adj.)(同義詞)很重要的→important(adj.)(同義詞)重要的[單句語法填空]1.He(suspect)thatthewomanstayingintheflatabovewasusingheroin.答案：suspected2．Theguideprovidesfull(instruct)onhowtocareforit.答案：instructions3．He(bury)inpilesofpaperswhenIenteredtheroom.答案：wasburied4．Sometimesit'shard(distinguish)realityfromfantasy.答案：todistinguish5．I(select)afileandpressedtheDeletekey.答案：selected6．Heisateacherwhois(worth)ofrespect.答案：worthy7．Infact,I(ignore)hisviewonthesubject,forhisideastrayedfromthetheme.答案：ignored8．Recently,herachievements(inspire)metomakemoreeffort.答案：haveinspired9．Weneedtochallengesomeofthebasic(assume)ofwesternphilosophy.答案：assumptions10．Usingcomputershasa(benefit)effectonchildren'slearning.答案：beneficial前綴為mis－的動詞①misunderstand誤解②miscalculate誤算③misread誤讀④mislead誤導(dǎo)⑤misteach錯誤/拙劣地教導(dǎo)⑥misdescribe錯誤描述⑦misbelieve誤信⑧mistrust不信任⑨mislike不喜歡，厭惡⑩misapply誤用，濫用?misapprehend誤解，誤會?misbehave行為不端?miscarry失敗，流產(chǎn)?miscount算錯1．failtodosth沒能做某事/做某事失敗2．layoff裁員，解雇，下崗3．a(chǎn)sidefrom除……之外4．switchoff關(guān)掉，切斷5．contributeto有助于，促成6．handout分發(fā)7．toacertainextent在某種程度上8．a(chǎn)ddupto總計達(dá)9．setoff出發(fā)；引發(fā)10．looseconduct行為不檢點，品行不端11．inperson親自12．haveaccessto有機(jī)會接觸到……13．tendto往往會，傾向于14．beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于15．putforward提出16．a(chǎn)pproveof支持，贊成，批準(zhǔn)17．inotherwords換句話說18．a(chǎn)sawhole總的說來19．berelevantto與……有關(guān)20．inconclusion總之[選詞填空]layoff，contributeto，toacertainextent，tendto，haveaccessto，beaccustomedto，putforward，inotherwords，asawhole，berelevantto1．Someofthematerialpresentedmaynotyouoryourcircumstances.答案：berelevantto2．Thefirmranintoseverefinancialdifficultiesandwasforcedalotofemployees.答案：tolayoff3．Wemustconsiderthesematters.答案：asawhole4．Youreffortsmustyoursuccessinthefuture.答案：contributeto5．IseepicturesinmymindwhenIamreadingorlistening.答案：tendto6．Hehasanotherappointmenttomorrow.，Idon'tthinkhe'llbeattendingyourgathering.答案：Inotherwords7．Aslongasyouareastudentofthisschool,youtheschoollibrary.答案：haveaccessto8．Shegettingeighthoursofsleepanight.答案：isaccustomedto9．，thearticlereflectedthereality.答案：Toacertainextent10．Idon'tknowwhyhehadthecouragetosuggestionsatthemeeting.答案：putforward1．常用插入語①inotherwords換句話說②asawhole總的說來③infact實際上，事實上④inone'sopinion在某人來看⑤ingeneral通常；一般而言；大體上⑥inaword總之，簡言之⑦inafewwords總而言之；一言蔽之⑧bytheway順便說，順便問⑨asaresult結(jié)果⑩forexample例如?onthecontrary正相反?toone'ssurprise使某人吃驚的是?inshort總之，簡言之?asamatteroffact事實上?Ithink我認(rèn)為，我想?inconclusion總之?inbrief簡言之?what'smore另外，而且?what'sworse更糟的是?thatis(tosay)那就是說2．“動詞＋off”組成的短語①layoff裁員，解雇，下崗②switch/turnoff關(guān)掉③faceoff對抗④falloff脫落；跌落；下降⑤getoff下來；脫下；動身⑥gooff離開；響起；進(jìn)行；變質(zhì)；入睡⑦leaveoff停止⑧kickoff開始干某事；開球⑨makeoff逃走，匆忙離開⑩takeoff起飛；脫下；突然成功?payoff還清；取得成功；得到回報?comeoff實現(xiàn)；脫落；舉行?cutoff切斷，切掉；阻隔?setoff出發(fā)；引發(fā)?sendoff寄出；派遣課文原句句式梳理仿寫訓(xùn)練1.Somanypeoplethinkthatafteryouretire,allyoucandoisswitchoffyourbrainandburyeverythingyou'veeverlearnt.很多人認(rèn)為退休后，你所能做的就是不再動腦，忘掉所學(xué)過的一切。(P36)allyoucandois＋dosth不定式作表語，對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do的任何一種形式時，作表語的不定式省去toIfeltthatthekindestthingIcandonowwouldbe.我覺得我現(xiàn)在能做的最仁慈的事就是走開。2.Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.我們?nèi)绾潍@得知識和理解現(xiàn)在似乎顯而易見。(P42)形式主語it＋系動詞seem/be...＋adj.＋主語從句theywanttoleaveusbehind.很明顯，他們想把我們甩在后面。答案：1.walkaway2.Itisobviousthat①suspectvt.懷疑(P36)(1)單句語法填空①Thetwoofficials(suspect)oftakingabribe.②Wetrustedhimsoweneversuspectedhewasdoing.答案：①aresuspected②what(2)單句寫作Isuspectedhermywallet.我懷疑她偷了我的錢包。答案：ofstealing(1)suspectsbof(doing)...懷疑某人(做了)……suspectsb/sth懷疑某人/某事suspect＋that從句(或其他名詞性從句)懷疑……It'ssuspectedthat...人們懷疑……(2)suspiciousadj.可疑的；令人懷疑的besuspiciousof/aboutsth對某事懷疑②distinguishvt.區(qū)別，辨別(P37)(1)單句語法填空①Peoplewhocan'tdistinguishcoloursaresaidtobecolour－blind.②Itishardtodistinguishonetwintheother.答案：①between②from(2)單句寫作Whatwasitthatherclassmates?是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學(xué)呢？答案：distinguishedherfrom(1)distinguish...from...把……加以區(qū)別distinguishbetween...and...識別，辨別，區(qū)分distinguishoneself表現(xiàn)突出(2)distinguishableadj.可區(qū)別的；可辨識的(3)distinguishingadj.有區(qū)別的(4)distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的③alternativeadj.非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的；可供替代的n.可供選擇的事物(P38)(1)單句語法填空①Thealternativeto(stay)inthatdead-endjobistoquit.②I'mafraidIhavenoalternativebut(report)youtothepolice.答案：①staying②toreport(2)單句寫作I'malsodevotedtolisteningto.我也喜歡聽一些比較另類的音樂。答案：alternativemusic(1)havenoalternativebuttodosth只能做某事，除……之外別無選擇thereisnoalternativebuttodosth只能做某事thealternativeto(doing)sth……的替代(be)facedwithtwoalternatives面臨兩種選擇(2)alternativelyadv.要不；或者eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)alternative后接to,to是介詞，介詞后用動名詞形式，不用不定式。④lackvt.&n.缺乏，沒有(P40)(1)單句語法填空①Lacktalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.②Sheisverypopularanddoesnotlackfriends.答案：①of②for(2)單句改錯Manypeoplediebecauselackofaccesstonewcancerdrugs.答案：because→for(1)lacksth缺乏/缺少某物(無被動結(jié)構(gòu))lackfor...缺乏……(常用于否定句)lackfornothing什么也不缺(2)forlackof因缺乏……，因沒有……nolackof不缺乏alackof...缺乏……(3)belackinginsth缺少某物⑤ignorevt.忽視，不理睬，不顧(P42)(1)單句語法填空①Iwasdeeplyhurtbythewayshejust(ignore)me.②Idon'tlikethefeelingof(ignore)inpublic.答案：①ignored②beingignored(2)單句寫作Iagreeinprinciple,butwecan't.我原則上同意，但我們不能忽視這些差異。答案：ignorethedifferencesignoresb/sth忽視某人/物⑥urgevt.力勸，強(qiáng)烈要求(P42)(1)單句語法填空①Theteacherurgedusthenecessityofpractice.②Theyurgedtheschoolboard(approve)plansfortheirreformprogramme.答案：①on/upon②toapprove(2)單句改錯Thereporturgedthatallchildrenweretaughttoswim.答案：were→(should)be(1)urgesbtodosth力勸某人做某事urgesthon/uponsb竭力主張某人做某事，向某人強(qiáng)調(diào)某事urgesbinto/towardsdoingsth催促/敦促某人做某事urgethat.../Itisurgedthat...(should＋動詞原形，should可省略)竭力主張……(2)haveanurgetodosth渴望做某事(3)urgentadj.緊急的(4)urgentlyadv.緊急地，急迫地(5)urgencyn.緊急，緊急的事⑦inspirevt.激發(fā)，啟發(fā)；鼓舞；使產(chǎn)生(某種感覺或情感)(P43)(1)單句語法填空①Hispassionforliteratureinspiredhim(begin)writing.②Theteacherinspiresconfidencehisstudents.答案：①tobegin②in(2)單句寫作HeisoneofpeopleI'veevermet.他是我見過的最能鼓舞人心的人之一。答案：themostinspiring(1)inspiresbtodosth激發(fā)某人做某事inspiresbwith...啟發(fā)某人產(chǎn)生……inspiresthinsb激起某人的……(某種情感)(2)inspiredadj.卓越的，激動人心的inspiringadj.激勵人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的(3)inspirationn.靈感，鼓舞人心的人或物⑧beneficialadj.有用的，有益的(P43)(1)單句語法填空①Itisbeneficialthesocietyandthepeople.②Ihavebenefitedlearningaforeignlanguage.答案：①to/for②from(2)單句寫作Acultureofonenationmaybecomeinternational,whichallmankind.一個國家的文化可能成為世界文化，這對全人類都有益。答案：isbeneficialto/for(1)bebeneficialto/for...對……有益(2)benefitvt.&n.利益，好處benefitsb使某人受益benefitfrom/by...從……中獲益(3)beof(great)benefit(to...)(對)……(大)有裨益forthebenefitof為了……的利益⑨adaptvt.(使)適應(yīng)；改編(P44)(1)單句語法填空①WeadaptedourselvesquicklylifeinParis.②ThisTVplayseriesisadaptedthewell-knownnovelofthesamename.答案：①to②from(2)單句寫作Thesetractorsinverycoldclimates.這些拖拉機(jī)已被改裝，方便在寒冷氣候環(huán)境中使用。答案：havebeenadaptedforuse(1)adaptoneself/sthto...使自己/某物適應(yīng)于……(2)adapt...for...改編/改造……為……之用beadaptedfrom...根據(jù)……改寫或改編(3)adaptationn.適應(yīng)；改編(本)(4)adaptableadj.能適應(yīng)的①failto沒能(做)……(P36)(1)單句語法填空①Hefailedhisattempttobreaktherecord.②Theyfailed(rank)inthetopten.答案：①in②toberanked(2)單句改錯Hefelthewasfailure.答案：was后加afailin(doing)sth沒做成某事；做某事失敗neverfailtodo...從來不會忘記做某事……wordsfailsb某人說不出話來；一時語塞failuren.失?。皇〉娜?事(作此意講時為可數(shù)名詞)eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)fail表示“在……方面失敗”時，可以用作及物動詞，其后不用任何介詞，直接跟賓語；也可用作不及物動詞，其后一般接介詞in。②layoff裁員，解雇，下崗(P36)(1)單句語法填空①Theyoftenlayworkmenduringabusinessdepression.②He(lay)offbecauseofhisbeinglateandlaziness.答案：①off②waslaid(2)單句寫作①Shesomemoneyeachmonthforemergencies.她每月存一些錢以備急用。②Theterroristswereurgedtotheirarms.恐怖分子被敦促放下武器。答案：①laysaside②laydownlayaside擱置一旁；儲存laydown放下(武器)；(正式)闡述，聲明③asidefrom除……之外(P36)(1)單句語法填空①fromthelittlesavingsIhavenoothermoney.②Asidefrom(delicious),thiskindoffoodisalsonutritious.答案：①Aside②beingdelicious(2)單句寫作，thebookisalsobeautifullyillustrated.除了寫得好，這本書的插圖也很漂亮。答案：Asidefrombeingwellwritten表示“除……之外”的詞或短語：besides,except,exceptfor,apartfrom,asidefrom,otherthan,inadditionto等。④contributeto有助于，促成，導(dǎo)致；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；投稿給(P38)(1)單句語法填空①Iamsurethatthismeetingwillcontributethereinforcementofpeaceandsecurityallovertheworld.②Hecontributedarticlesthemagazine.③Hehasmadegreat(contribute)tothefriendshipbetweenthetwonations.答案：①to②to③contributions(2)單句改錯Technologyhascontributedtoimproveourlives.答案：improve→improving(1)contribute...to...把……捐獻(xiàn)給……；向(報社等)投稿(2)contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth為(做)某事作出貢獻(xiàn)⑤toacertainextent在某種程度上(P39)(1)單句語法填空acertainextent,itisacreativeactintermsofdesign.答案：To(2)單句改錯①Youarerighttocertainextent.②Itssuccesswilldependtoagreatlyextentonlocalattitudes.答案：①to后加a②greatly→greattosome/alimitedextent從某種/在一定程度上來說toagreat/largeextent在很大程度上eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)“在某種程度上”還可以用inaway表示。⑥haveaccessto有接觸到……的權(quán)利，能使用……，接近，靠近(P40)(1)單句語法填空Nowadayschildrenhaveeasyaccesscomputers.答案：to(2)單句改錯①YouwillhaveanaccesstobothUserandAdminpages.②Insomecases,youmaynothaveaccesstoseesensitivebusinessdata.答案：①去掉an②see→seeing(1)gain/getaccessto獲得……機(jī)會或權(quán)利seekaccessto尋求；獲得havenoaccessto沒有……的機(jī)會；無法接近(2)accessibleadj.易達(dá)到的；易接近的beaccessibleto可靠近的；容易進(jìn)入的eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)access前通常不加冠詞，且相關(guān)短語中的to為介詞。⑦beaccustomedto＝beusedto習(xí)慣于(P42)(1)單句語法填空①Myeyesbecame(accustom)tothedarknessafterawhile.②Mostconsumersareaccustomedto(hunt)forbargains.答案：①accustomed②hunting(2)單句寫作Youmayamonthlyfeeforyourphone.你可能習(xí)慣于按月支付話費。答案：beaccustomedtopayingaccustomsb/oneselfto...使某人習(xí)慣于……；養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth習(xí)慣于(做)某事get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth變得習(xí)慣/適應(yīng)(做)某事⑧approveof支持，贊成(P42)(1)單句語法填空①Thecouncilisconsideringwhether(approve)oftheuseoffirearms.②Ididn'tapprovewhatshewassaying,soIwalkedaway.③Thebudget(approve)byparliament.答案：①toapprove②of③wasapproved(2)單句改錯Doyouapprovethewayheishandlingthething?答案：approve后加ofapproveof(sb'sdoing)sth贊成(某人做)某事eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)approve作“贊成，同意”解時用作不及物動詞，常與of連用，這時其后可接包括人在內(nèi)的名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。作“批準(zhǔn)，通過”解時用作及物動詞。⑨berelevantto與……有關(guān)(P44)(1)單句語法填空①Thesecommentsarenotdirectlyrelevantwhathedid.②Heisrequiredtocollectinformationwhichmayrelevanttothecase.答案：①to②be(2)單句寫作Wearetryingtomakepoliticsyoungpeople.我們試圖使政治活動更加貼近年輕人。答案：morerelevantto(1)arelevantquestion一個相關(guān)的問題(2)表示“與……相關(guān)”的短語：berelatedto,beboundupwith,beconnectedwith,belinkedwith/to,beassociatedwith①[教材原句]Inthepast,ifsomeonelikemehadfailedtogetintouniversitythroughthecollegeexam,hewouldhavehadnochanceofgettingadegree.在過去，如果像我這樣的人沒能通過大學(xué)考試進(jìn)入大學(xué)，他就沒有機(jī)會獲得學(xué)位。(P36)(1)單句語法填空①IfIhadbeenthere,I(help)hertogetthroughthehardtime.②Ifyou(study)harder,youwouldhavebeenadmittedintoakeyuniversity.答案：①wouldhavehelped②hadstudied(2)單句寫作Ifyoutome,youwouldhaveahealthybodynow.如果你那時要是聽我的話，你現(xiàn)在就有一個健康的體魄。答案：hadlistenedif＋從句主語＋haddone，主句主語＋would＋havedone本句型是虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用，是對過去情況的假設(shè)。若主、從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，動詞的形式要根據(jù)具體情況作出調(diào)整。若從句動作發(fā)生于過去，主句動作發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在，則從句中謂語動詞用“haddone”，主句中謂語動詞用“would＋動詞原形”，這種虛擬被稱之為“錯綜時間虛擬語氣”。②[教材原句]IdecidedthatitwastimeIbecameanInternetuser.我認(rèn)為到了我成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。(P36)(1)單句語法填空①Ithinkitishightimethatyou(make)upyourmind.②Sheagreedthatitwastimethatheknowwhatwasinthebox.答案：①made/shouldmake②should(2)單句改錯Obviously,itishightimethatwewilltakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.答案：will→shouldItis(high/about)time(that)...從句的謂語用動詞的過去式或“should＋動詞原形”表虛擬語氣，此處should不省略。③[教材原句]IhadnoideawhatanatomwasandIdidn'treallywanttoknoweither!我不知道原子是什么，我也不想知道！(P40)(1)單句語法填空①Youhavenoideadepresseditmademe.②We'venoideahisstateofhealthisbutatleastweknowheisstillalive.答案：①how②what(2)單句寫作Itherewassuchathingbefore.我都不記得這事情了。答案：havenoideathathavean/noidea＋同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞可以是that(在句中不作成分，沒有語意)，whether(不作成分，意為“是否”)，what,which,who,whom,whose,how,when,where(作成分，有語意)。后接同位語從句的常用詞有：ability,advice,announcement,answer,argument,belief,chance,conclusion,decision,demand,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,idea,impression,message,news,opinion,order,possibility,problem,promise,proposal,question,remark,reply,saying,suggestion,thought,view,word等。④[教材原句]ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.但是，盡管亞里士多德是一個偉人，曾啟迪了許多在他之后的偉大科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家，但他有時也會出錯。(P43)(1)單句語法填空①Hewillnottellthesecretheknowsit.②I'mquiteareservedperson,Ilikemeetingpeople.答案：①eventhough/if②Eventhough/if(2)單句寫作Ilikeher,shecanbeannoyingattimes.我喜歡她，盡管她有的時候有點煩人。答案：eventhough/ifeventhough/if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，兩者意思相近，基本可互換使用，evenif偏假設(shè)，eventhough偏事實。⑤[教材原句]Heseemstoknoweverythingaboutgeographyandisalwaystellingusinterestingfacts.他似乎對地理知識了如指掌，總是給我們講有趣的事實。(P47)(1)單句語法填空Sheisalways(quarrel)withhermothereverytimeshereturnshome.答案：quarreling(2)單句寫作Hestreetcorners.他總是在街頭角落閑逛。答案：isalwaysidlingabout現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與頻度副詞always/constantly/continually等連用，表達(dá)說話人的一種贊賞、反對、埋怨等情緒，用以加強(qiáng)語氣。根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SunWenis28yearsold.Sincehis1(fail)inthecollegeentranceexam,hehasbeenstudyingforadegreewhile2(keep)asecurefull－timejob,andheisabouttograduatenow.Hehashisnewqualificationwhichmakeshim3(promote)atwork.Hisadviceforusisthat“It'snevertoolatetolearn.”MsTangis45yearsold.Whensheknewthatshewouldbelaidoff,hermindwentblankandherheart4(swell)withanger.She5(suspect)thatitwasnotrightforthecompanytolayheroffbecauseinthepasttheworkerswouldhavestayedinthecompanyuntilretirementiftheyhadworkedforitforover20years.GrandpaChenis75yearsold.Heisteaching6(him)newtrickseveryday,whichcertainlyprovesthe7(say)“Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks.”isnottrue.Hehadbeensendingletters8airmailtohisdaughterintheUSonceaweek,butlaterthepostagewentup,9madehimbecome10Internetuser.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.failure2.keeping3.promoted4.swelled5.suspected6.himself7.saying8.by9.which10.anⅠ.單句語法填空1．Ifthey(arrive)earlier,theywouldhavecaughtupwiththelasttrain.答案：hadarrived根據(jù)句意可知，是對過去動作的虛擬，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用haddone，故填hadarrived。2．Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnot(fire)．答案：havebeenfired對過去動作的虛擬，主句應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu)，且fire與主語之間存在被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。3．Mybrother(lay)offthreemonthsago;andnowheisconsideringgoingbacktoschoolfornewskills.答案：waslaid表示“三個月前被解雇”應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。4．Ifyou(make)outabetterplanforthat,Ithinkyouwouldcompleteitaheadoftime.答案：made/shouldmake根據(jù)句意可知，此處是對將來動作的虛擬，從句中動詞應(yīng)該用過去式或“should＋動詞原形”。5．Theboyisalways(give)meahelpinghandwheneverIamintrouble.答案：giving現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與頻度副詞連用，表達(dá)說話人的一種贊賞、反對、埋怨等情緒，用以加強(qiáng)語氣。6．Freshairandexercisecancontributegoodhealth.答案：tocontributeto表示“有助于”。7．Tocertainextent,whatyousaidtohiminspiredhimtokeeponhiscareer.答案：atoacertainextent表示“在某種程度上”。8．Ireceivedthesadnewshehadbeenkilledinamotorcycleaccident.答案：that根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空后的句子陳述了news的具體內(nèi)容，故判定其為同位語從句，從句中成分及語意完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。9．Ifyouareadmittedintothisschool,youcanhaveaccessto(learn)intheschoollibrary.答案：learning句中haveaccessto中to是介詞，后跟動名詞作介詞的賓語。10．Goldbach'sconjectureishard(overcome),otherwisepeopleshouldhavesolvedalltheproblems.答案：toovercome本句是常用句型“主語＋be＋adj.＋todo(的主動式)”，此時不定式作主補(bǔ)，主動形式表被動含義。Ⅱ.單句寫作1．Thistaskwouldhavebeenfinished(如果你們要是及時給予我們援助的話)．答案：ifyouhadgivenaidtousintime2．Wewillmanagetoaccomplishthetaskontime(縱然任務(wù)艱巨).答案：eventhoughitisdifficult3．Aslongasweusingcomputers,wewillmakegreatprogressinourstudy.只要我們習(xí)慣了使用電腦，我們的學(xué)習(xí)就會取得很大的進(jìn)步。答案：areaccustomedto/areusedto4．總的說來，在老師的幫助下，我開始喜歡學(xué)英語了。(asawhole)答案：Asawhole,withthehelpofmyteacher,IbegantolikelearningEnglish.5．現(xiàn)在該是我們采取嚴(yán)厲措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的時候了。答案：Nowitishightimethatwetookstrictmeasurestoprotectenvironment.Ⅲ.語法填空TENCENTannouncedyesterdaythatitwilllimitthedailytimeforyoungsterstoplay1(it)popularKingofGlorygameafterparentsandschoolsinShanghaiandotherareascomplainedtheirchildrenhadbecomeaddictedtoplayingit.Fromtomorrow,childrenyoungerthan122(allow)onlytoplaythegameforamaximumofonehouraday,andafter9pm,theywillbebanned3logging(登錄)intoit,saidTencent.Teenagersolderthan12willbeabletoplayamaximumtwohoursaday.Thegamesystemwillremindplayersthetimetheyhavebeenplayingandyoungplayerswillbeforcedtologout4thetimeisup.Tencentclaimedthesewerethe5(strict)measuresinChina'sgameindustrytoprevent6(addict)andthecompanyexpectedtheywouldeaseparents'anxiety.Therehavebeenseveralcases7(report)thatchildrenhadspenttoomuchmoneyaswellastimeonKingofGlory,Tencentsaiditwilladd8newfunctiontolimitspendingofteenageplayers.Thecompanyalsosaidithadupdatedsystemforparentstomonitorchildren9(use)itsgames.Now,parentscanconnectphones,tabletsorcomputerstheirchildrenuse10(play)games,sothattheycanalwayskeepaneyeonthechildreneveniftheyhaveseveralgameaccounts,Tencentsaid.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了騰訊公司即將升級“王者榮耀”游戲系統(tǒng)，以控制青少年玩該款游戲的時間。1．its考查代詞。游戲是騰訊公司開發(fā)出來的，表示游戲的歸屬，意為“它的”，在句中作定語修飾game，應(yīng)使用it的形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。2．willbeallowed考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。fromtomorrow(從明天起)作為時間狀語常與一般將來時連用，并且主語children與謂語動詞allow之間為被動關(guān)系，此空意為“將會被允許”，故填willbeallowed。3．from考查介詞。sbbebannedfromdoingsth意為“某人被禁止做某事”，為了完整表達(dá)“孩子們被禁止玩游戲”，應(yīng)填入介詞，故填from。4．when/if考查狀語從句的連接詞。表示“當(dāng)規(guī)定的時間結(jié)束的時候”，可以使用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；表示“如果規(guī)定的時間結(jié)束了”，則可以使用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，故填when/if。5．strictest考查形容詞的最高級。句意：騰訊聲稱這是中國游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)中最嚴(yán)格的措施。inChina'sgameindustry是一個范圍，表示這些措施在游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)中是最嚴(yán)厲的，應(yīng)使用最高級形式，故填strictest。6．a(chǎn)ddiction考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。prevent(阻止)是一個及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語，addict作為動詞時，意為“使……上癮”。它的名詞形式為addiction，故填addiction。7．reported考查非謂語動詞。此句有謂語動詞havebeen，且設(shè)空處和case之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，故填reported。8．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。句意：騰訊公司表示將增加一個新功能來限制青少年玩家的消費。此處需填冠詞，且表示泛指，意為“一個新功能”，故填a。9．using考查非謂語動詞。句意：該公司還表示，它已更新了家長監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，可以監(jiān)控孩子玩游戲。monitor是及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語，且children是using的邏輯主語，故填using。10．toplay考查非謂語動詞。此復(fù)合句中包含一個定語從句，先行詞是phones,tabletsorcomputers，它們在從句中作use的賓語，故用不定式在定語從句中作目的狀語，故填toplay。Ⅳ.短文改錯Longjingtea,ithastoppedthelistofthetenmostfamousteasinChinawithitscolor,tasteandshape,isnamedafteritsproductionregion—LongjingVillageofWestLake.ThanksforEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty,theteahasearnedahighreputation.ThestorywentthatEmperorQianlongwasvisitedthemountainduringhisHangzhoutravels,andhesawsomeladiespickingtheteaatthefootofthemountain.Hewasveryinterestedintheirmovementsthathedecidedtohaveagohimself.Whilepickedthetea,hereceivedthenewsofhismother'sillness,sohecarelesslyputstheleavesinhissleeveandleftHangzhouforBeijing.HevisitedhismotherimmediatelyuponhisarrivalinBeijing.Hismothersmeltthefragranceofthetealeavesfromhissleevesandwantedtohaveataste.Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletelyrefreshing,andsheevenpraiseditascureforallillnesses.Fromnowon,theteawaslistedasthetributetea(貢茶)．答案：Longjingtea,eq\o(it,\s\do8(①which))hastoppedthelistofthetenmostfamousteasinChinawithitscolor,tasteandshape,isnamedafteritsproductionregion—LongjingVillageofWestLake.Thankseq\o(for,\s\do8(②to))EmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty,theteahasearnedahighreputation.ThestorywentthatEmperorQianlongeq\o(eq\o(was,＼),\s\do9(③))visitedthemountainduringhisHangzhoutravels,andhesawsomeladiespickingtheteaatthefootofthemountain.Hewaseq\o(very,\s\do8(④so))interestedintheirmovementsthathedecidedtohaveagohimself.Whileeq\o(picked,\s\do8(⑤picking))thetea,hereceivedthenewsofhismother'sillness,sohecarelesslyeq\o(puts,\s\do8(⑥put))theleavesinhissleeveandleftHangzhouforBeijing.HevisitedhismotherimmediatelyuponhisarrivalinBeijing.Hismothersmeltthefragranceofthetealeavesfromhiseq\o(sleeves,\s\do8(⑦sleeve))andwantedtohaveataste.Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletelyeq\o(refreshing,\s\do8(⑧refreshed))，andsheevenpraiseditaseq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑨a))cureforallillnesses.Fromeq\o(now,\s\do8(⑩then))on,theteawaslistedasthetributetea(貢茶)．1．it→which考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，來修飾Longjingtea。2．for→to考查固定搭配。thanksto意為“幸虧；由于”，故把for改成to。3．去掉was考查動詞的語態(tài)。此處需用主動語態(tài)。4．very→so考查固定搭配。固定句式so...that“如此……以至于”。5．picked→picking考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)其與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，需用主動形式，故改為picking。6．puts→put考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)其后的andleft可知，此處需用一般過去時，故改為put。7．sleeves→sleeve考查名詞。根據(jù)上文可知，當(dāng)年乾隆只是把少量茶葉放在一只袖子里，故改為sleeve。8．refreshing→refreshed考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語意，此處是用來形容herself，故改成refreshed。9．a(chǎn)s后加a考查冠詞。根據(jù)語意，此處泛指“一種治療辦法”，故加a。10．now→then考查固定搭配。fromthenon意為“自那時起”，故改成then。課時作業(yè)Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·安徽蚌埠市高三三模)Mystudentsweretakingmidtermswhenmyphoneeruptedwithurgentmessages.“Astudentishavingapanicattack，”1ateachingassistant.Iranoutofmyofficeand