練案[29]選擇性必修第三冊UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONⅠ.完形填空(2023·沈陽市教學(xué)質(zhì)檢一)WhenArunKrishnamurthywasateenager,hewitnessedapondnearhishomefilledupwithtrash.Thedamagetothepondmadeagreat1.Atothebeautifulpondinhismemory.Sohedecidedtodosomethingto2.Bitsoriginalbeauty.In2007,KrishnamurthyandhisteamfoundedtheEFIto3.Dthegarbageandrestorethenaturalhabitatsofbirds,frogsandnativeplants,givingwildlifeachanceto4.A.Overthelastfewyears,theEFIhas5.Crestorationworkon112lakesandponds.6.B,theEFIaimedtorestorelakesandponds.However,itsfar-reachinginfluencesurprisedKrishnamurthy.Theworkhas7.CIndia'swatersupply,forithelpsgroundwaterrecharge.Infact,groundwateris8.CtoIndia,accountingfor80%ofitswatersupply.However,overusingwaterisreducingreservesgreatly.TheGovernmentisrequiredtotakesomemeasures,butKrishnamurthybelievesitis9.Athatplayasignificantrole.Currently,theEFIisfacinga10.Bwhenitcomestowastedisposal(處理)．Upto95%ofthesolidwasteit11.Dfromlakesandpondsendsupinlandfills.Thegroupisresearchingonvarious12.Bofreusingandrecyclingmoreofthetrash.Despitethedifficulties,hefeels13.AnotonlyforIndiabutfortheworld.He14.Deveryonetocareforlakesandponds,thedumping(傾倒)ofthewasteandneedsofwildlife.Withtheright15.C,eachofuscanmakeadifferencetoourplanet.語篇導(dǎo)讀：在Krishnamurthy的記憶中，池塘是美麗的，然而現(xiàn)在卻充滿垃圾，因此他希望通過自己的努力去恢復(fù)池塘原本的美麗。他和他的團(tuán)隊于2007年創(chuàng)辦了EFI，旨在改善自然環(huán)境。雖然遇到了各種各樣的困難，但是他仍然相信：每個人都可以為環(huán)境的改善貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量。1．A．contrast B．differenceC．response D．contribution解析：根據(jù)空前的“filledupwithtrash”與空后的“thebeautifulpondinhismemory”可知，兩者形成對比。故選A。2．A．replace B．rebuildC．explore D．demonstrate解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他決定做一些事情恢復(fù)這個池塘的美麗。故選B。3．A．store B．recycleC．destroy D．remove解析：根據(jù)上文可知，他創(chuàng)辦EFI旨在清除垃圾、改善環(huán)境，下文中的restore與空處為并列關(guān)系。故選D。4．A．return B．escapeC．compete D．remember解析：參見上題解析。他創(chuàng)辦EFI是為了改善環(huán)境，使野生生物回歸此處。故選A。5．A．lookedinto B．heldupC．carriedout D．cutoff解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在過去的幾年里，EFI已經(jīng)在112個湖泊和池塘做了修復(fù)工作，A項“調(diào)查，細(xì)察”；B項“舉起，妨礙”；C項“實行，落實”；D項“切斷，中斷”。故選C。6．A．Naturally B．OriginallyC．Finally D．Actually解析：根據(jù)語境可知，EFI的目的在于改善湖泊和池塘的生態(tài)環(huán)境，但是下文中提及深遠(yuǎn)的影響，因此從邏輯上推斷應(yīng)該選B項。originally“起初；原來”。故選B。7．A．changed B．interruptedC．benefited D．reflected解析：根據(jù)語境可知，EFI的工作已有成效。下文中提及“ithelpsgroundwaterrecharge”，由此可推知，此處表示對印度的供水系統(tǒng)有所貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。8．A．familiar B．a(chǎn)ttractiveC．vital D．cruel解析：根據(jù)語境可知，地下水資源占印度水資源供應(yīng)量的80%，由此推斷地下水資源對印度應(yīng)該很重要。故選C。9．A．individuals B．citiesC．organizers D．leaders解析：根據(jù)語境可知，要解決水資源問題，政府需要采取措施，由句中的but可知，Krishnamurthy的觀點有所不同，在他看來，每個人都起到了重要的作用。故選A。10．A．choice B．challengeC．defeat D．topic解析：根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，EFI的工作遇到了挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。11．A．transports B．formsC．rescues D．collects解析：根據(jù)語境可知，從湖泊和池塘中收集來的高達(dá)95%的固體垃圾最后被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場。故選D。12．A．standards B．methodsC．policies D．consequences解析：EFI的工作遇到了挑戰(zhàn)，因此他們正在研究用不同的方法來回收利用更多的垃圾。故選B。13．A．hopeful B．readyC．grateful D．happy解析：根據(jù)語境可知，雖然有困難，但是Krishnamurthy依然努力著，所以可推斷他對印度乃至全世界都充滿了信心。故選A。14．A．permits B．teachesC．warns D．urges解析：他為改善湖泊和池塘的環(huán)境繼續(xù)努力著，因此他呼吁大家都參與到保護(hù)環(huán)境的行動中來。故選D。15．A．conclusions B．a(chǎn)ssessmentsC．intentions D．occasions解析：根據(jù)語境可知，只要有正確的意圖，我們每個人都可以為我們的星球做出貢獻(xiàn)。A項“結(jié)論，結(jié)果”；B項“評估，評定”；C項“打算，意圖”；D項“時機(jī)，適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)會”。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2023·遼寧省大連市雙基測試)Humansarestrugglingtocontaintwomajorcrises:Skyrocketingglobaltemperaturesanddeep-divingbiodiversity.Peopletendtotackleeachproblemontheirown,butinanewreport,50scientistsfromaroundtheworldarguethattreatingeachcrisisalonemeansmissingoutonsolutionsthatresolveboth.Humanscan'tsolveonewithoutalsosolvingtheother.Sowhatmightthesesolutionslooklike？Forinstance,youturnaheavilydamagedforestintoanationalpark.Asthetreesgrowback,theywouldstorecarbonintheirtissuesandprovidehabitatsforthereturnofanimals.Ratherthanplantingasinglespeciesoftreetobalancesomefactory'scarbonemissions(排放物),lettingaforestcomebacknaturallywillmakeitmoreresilient.Thisisknownasanature-basedsolution，acampaignthatbothabsorbscarbonandprovidesanextraecologicaloreconomicbenefit.Preventinghumans'attackonecosystemscanalsohelpfightclimatechange.Evencitiescantakepartintheaction.Urbanareasturninto“heatislands”，becausetheyabsorbthesun'senergyduringthedayandslowlyreleaseitatnight.Therefore,theyaremuchhotterthansurroundingruralareas.Plantingmoretreescoolscities,andprovideshabitatsforbirdsandshadeforhumans,whichwillbeevermorecriticalasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thebigwarningisthatnature-basedsolutionsalonecan'tstopclimatechange.Firstandforemost,humanshavetodramaticallyreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions.Besides，“governmentsandfactoriesarebecomingawareoftheimportanceofmaintainingbiodiversitywhilealsofightingclimatechange，”saysBetsyBeymer-Farris,fromtheUniversityofKentucky.Plantingasinglespeciesoftreetobalanceemissionsisout,andmoreeffectivesolutionsareincreasinglyin.“Imyself,asaprofessorwhohasbeenworkinginthisfor20years,seealotofhope,becauseIseealotofchangeonthehorizon.”語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹了對抗全球變暖與保護(hù)物種多樣性并行的方法。1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“makeitmoreresilient”inParagraph2mean？AA．Helptheforestrecovereasilyandquickly.B．Letthetreesgrowstrongerandtaller.C．Gettheecosystemtobecomeoutofbalance.D．Makethesolutionbecomemoreaccessible.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“l(fā)ettingaforestcomebacknaturally”，并結(jié)合其后的“Thisisknownasanature-basedsolution，acampaignthatbothabsorbscarbonandprovidesanextraecologicaloreconomicbenefit.”可知，后一句中的This指代上句中的“l(fā)ettingaforestcomebacknaturally”，表示“讓森林自然恢復(fù)”這種方法被稱為一種基于自然的解決方案，既吸收碳又提供額外的生態(tài)或經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。據(jù)此可推知，makeitmoreresilient意為“幫助森林輕松快速地恢復(fù)”。故選A。2．Howcancitiesbemadecooleraccordingtothetext？AA．Byplantingmoretrees.B．Byabsorbingthesun'senergy.C．Byclosingdownmorefactories.D．Byprovidingshadeforhumans.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Plantingmoretreescoolscities”可知，種植更多的樹木可以為城市降溫，所以人們可以通過種植更多的樹木來使城市變得更涼爽。故選A。3．HowdidBetsyBeymer-Farrisfeelaboutthefutureoftheecology？CA．Worried. B．Uncertain.C．Hopeful. D．Satisfied.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I...seealotofhope,becauseIseealotofchangeonthehorizon.”可知，貝齊·貝默法里斯看到了希望，因為她看到了很多即將發(fā)生的變化。據(jù)此可知，貝齊·貝默法里斯對未來是充滿希望的。故選C。4．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage？BA．Toexpressscientists'concernoverclimatechange.B．Tocallonpeopletoprotectspeciesandbattleglobalwarming.C．Toencouragepeopletoplantasinglespeciesoftree.D．Tostresstheimportanceofcuttingdowncarbonemissions.解析：目的意圖題。通讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是文章第一段可知，本文主要介紹了當(dāng)前人類面臨兩大危機(jī)：全球氣溫急劇上升和物種多樣性急劇減少，而為了對抗這兩種危機(jī)，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)采用抵御全球變暖與保護(hù)物種多樣性并行的方法，即文章的寫作意圖在于呼吁人們將保護(hù)物種與對抗全球變暖統(tǒng)一起來。故選B。Ⅲ.七選五(2023·湖北省七市聯(lián)合調(diào)研)ThreeThingsWeMustDotoTackleClimateChangeWithworldleadersmeetingattheinternationalclimatechangeconferenceinGlasgowtodiscussurgentglobalactiontomeetoneofthegreatestchallenges,manypeoplestilldon'tknowwhatmustbedone.1.EHowever,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow？Itcomesdowntothefollowingthreethings.Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.2.DThatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.Wealreadyhaveavastamountoffossilfuelinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施),anditwilltakedecadestoenditsuse.3.BSunandwindarethefastest-growingnewsourcesofenergywehave.Theircostshavefallensharply,makingthemtheleastexpensiveoptionsandencouragingtheadoptionofcleanenergyinmoreandmorelocations.Protecttheworld'sforests.Forestsallovertheworldcurrentlyabsorbaboutathirdofthecarbondioxideouractivitiessendouttotheatmosphere.4.GAndthismuststop.Tomeettheplanet'sgrowingfoodneeds,expertsurgeimprovedmanagementpracticesonalready-clearedlandratherthanclearingnewland.Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.Ifso,wecantakeonthechallengewhateverthedifficultyis.5.FThethreeactionswesuggestareessentialforsuccess.A．Boostthedevelopmentofnewtechnology.B．Speeduptheuseofclean,renewableenergy.C．Thealarmingmessagesreleasedurgedustochangeourlifestyle.D．Toachievethis,wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas.E．The“codered”reportfromtheconferencegreatlyshockedmanypeople.F．WeareonamissiontosavetheplanetEarth,itspeopleanditsnaturalwonders.G．Tropicalforests(熱帶雨林)areespeciallyatriskandstillbeingclearedforagriculturaluses.語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章針對氣候變化問題提出三件我們必須做的事情，以此呼吁我們攜手保護(hù)我們唯一的家園。解析：1．考查邏輯&復(fù)現(xiàn)推斷。下文“However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthat...”提到報告中的好消息，由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞However可知，該空應(yīng)與“好消息”構(gòu)成語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。E項(會議的“紅色代碼”報告讓許多人大吃一驚。)符合語境，其中的report以及conference均為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E。2．考查語境&復(fù)現(xiàn)推斷。上文“Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.”為本段主旨句，提出建議人們逐漸停止使用化石燃料，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)是表示具體的做法；再根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的“Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells...”可知，此處指不再開發(fā)新的化石燃料。D項(為了實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我們必須不允許煤炭、石油和天然氣的新開發(fā)。)承上啟下，符合語境，其中的this指代上文整句，coal,oil,gas與上文中的fossilfuels相呼應(yīng)。故選D。3．考查語境推斷。設(shè)空處為本段的首句，應(yīng)是本段的主題句，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為祈使句。再根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的“Sunandwindarethefastest-growingnewsourcesofenergywehave.”可知，本段應(yīng)是建議加快清潔可再生能源的使用。B項(加快清潔可再生能源的使用。)符合語境。故選B。4．考查語境&復(fù)現(xiàn)推斷。根據(jù)本段的首句“Protecttheworld'sforests.”可知，本段重點講保護(hù)森林；再結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的“Andthismuststop.”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)表示破壞森林的行為。G項(熱帶雨林面臨的風(fēng)險尤其大，仍因農(nóng)業(yè)用途而遭到砍伐。)符合語境，其中forests為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，設(shè)空處后的this則指代G項內(nèi)容。故選G。5．考查語境推斷。根據(jù)本段首句中的“itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave”可知，本段對全文做出總結(jié)，呼吁人們攜手保護(hù)我們唯一的家園。F項(我們肩負(fù)著拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇觀的使命。)對保護(hù)家園做了進(jìn)一步的闡釋，符合語境。故選F。Ⅳ.語法填空(2023·山東省淄博市一模)Throughouttheirannualcycles,migratory(遷徙的)birdsface1.diverse(diversity)threatsfrombothclimatechangeandhumanactivity.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServiceworkswithgovernments,conservationorganizations,variousindustries,andthepublic2.topreserve(preserve)thebirdsforfuturegenerations.Therearesimplerwaysforthepublictohelpprotectbirdsaroundtheircommunities3.thantheythought.Manyofthe1,093speciesofbirds4.protected(protect)undertheMigratoryBirdTreatyActareexperiencingpopulationdecline.About8%ofthosebirdspecies5.werelisted(list)aseitherthreatenedorendangerednotlongago.Millionsofacresofbirdhabitatsarelost6.orworsenedeveryyearduetodevelopment,agriculture,andforestrypractices.These7.rapidly(rapid)acceleratingimpactscanbesoftenedonlybymeansofhabitatrestorationandprotection.Inaddition,millionsofbirds